科技简迅

溶胶-凝胶法制备TiO2/活性炭复合体以钛酸丁酯为原料,乙醇为溶剂,通过盐酸抑制水解的溶胶-凝胶技术制备了TiO2/活性炭复合体,研究了TiO2溶胶粘度、钛酸丁酯与活性炭质量比、溶胶中TiO2的质量分数及热处理温度对TiO2/活性炭复合体光催化活性的影响。用热重-差热分析、扫描电镜、     

溶胶-凝胶法制备TiO2/活性炭复合体的影响因素

采用溶胶-凝胶法制备纳米TiO2/活性炭(active carbon,AC)复合体.以无水乙醇为溶剂,蒸馏水、浓盐酸及钛酸丁酯的用量为实验参数,考察其对TiO2溶胶粘度的影响.研究了TiO2溶胶粘度、钛酸丁酯与活性炭的质量比、溶胶中TiO2的量及热处理温度对TiO2/AC复合体光催化活性的影响.用热重-差热分析、扫描电镜、X射线衍射及BET(Brunauer-Emmett-Teller)法对其结构及陶瓷化过程进行了分析.结果表明TiO2溶胶粘度为5 mpa·s、溶胶中TiO2的质量分数为6%、钛酸丁酯与活性炭质量比为0.2时,经500℃热处理所得的TiO2/AC复合体的光催化活性最好,其比表面积为526.03 m2/g,晶型中锐钛矿的含量占65.38%,晶粒尺寸为37.53 nm.     

载Ag-TiO2/浮石光催化性能及耐用性考察

采用天然浮石作为TiO2的载体,以溶胶-凝胶法制备TiO2/浮石,并将银沉积在TiO2表面制得载Ag-TiO2/浮石光催化剂.利用XRD、SEM进行表征,考察了载Ag-TiO2/浮石的光催化性能及其耐用性能.结果表明,载Ag-TiO2浮石对质量浓度为10mg/L的亚甲基蓝溶液具有良好的光催化降解效果,30min时降解率...     

溶胶-凝胶法制备纳米二氧化钛及其对苯酚的光催化性能研究

以钛酸丁酯为原料,用溶胶-凝胶(Sol-gel)法制备了纳米TiO2粉末。采用透射电子显微镜和X光衍射仪对粉体的粒径、物相、形貌和热稳定性进行了表征。通过粉体对苯酚的降解情况对其光催化活性进行了测试,结果表明TiO2具有良好的光催化氧化性能。     

TiO2／陶粒复合体的制备与表征

以陶粒为载体,采用改进的溶胶-凝胶法制备纳米TiO2/陶粒复合型光催化剂。利用XRD,TG-DTAFT-IR等手段对其组成、结构等进行分析和表征。以15W紫外灯为光源．有机染料甲基橙为目标降解物,考察了TiO2／陶粒复合体的光催化性能：结果表明。所制得的TiO2／陶粒复合型催化剂具有较高的光催化活性,在该纳米复合材料中,陶粒作为载体与TiO2结合牢固,存在着某种化学键,同时有部分TiO2插入陶粒层间,并探讨了焙烧温度对催化剂光催化活性的影响。     

SiO2负载TiO2膜光催化降解亚甲基蓝和孔雀石绿

采用溶胶凝胶法制备TiO2溶胶,并将其负载于SiO2的表面,制成负载锐态矿型TiO2薄膜,利用XRD和SEM对膜的形貌及晶型进行了表征.将SiO2负载TiO2膜应用于光催化降解亚甲基蓝、孔雀石绿,结果表明该催化剂具有较高光催化活性,且易回收及重复使用.同时探讨了光催化剂的用量、光照时间、pH值等条件对光催化活性的影响.在光催化剂的用量为10 g·L-1、光照时间为2 h、pH=7时,其脱色率可以达到90%以上.     

Fe3+掺杂TiO2溶胶的低温制备及其光催化性能

采用溶胶-凝胶法在低温下制备出Fe3+掺杂TiO2(Fe3+/TiO2)溶胶,研究Fe3+掺杂对TiO2催化性能的影响,用TG/DTA技术分析TiO2粉末的热分解过程,用XRD、TEM等表征Fe3+掺杂对TiO2晶型、晶粒尺寸、晶粒形貌的影响,结果表明:Fe3+掺杂会对纳米TiO2晶粒的粒径及晶体形貌产生影响,抑制TiO2晶型由锐钛矿向金红石的转变。将亚甲基蓝作为目标污染物进行光催化降解试验,紫外-可见漫反射吸收光谱分析表明:经适量Fe3+掺杂后的TiO2溶胶光催化活性提高,当硝酸铁与钛酸丁酯的物质的量比为0.20%时,光催化活性最佳。     

Eu、N掺杂纳米TiO2的制备及其光催化性能

本文采用溶胶-凝胶法制备了Eu的TiO2粉体,然后以NH3为N源,采用浸渍法进一步对其处理,获得了同时掺杂Eu、N的纳米TiO2。以甲基橙为目标污染物,对于上述样品的光催化性进行了研究,并采用XRD、TEM等手段对粒子晶型、大小和形貌进行了表征。结果表明:(1)试验条件下,Eu、N的掺杂对于TiO2晶型基本没有影响;(2)采用溶胶-凝胶法结合浸渍法,在焙烧温度为450℃条件下制备出的掺Eu(0.5%)、N的纳米TiO2样品具有较好的可见光光催化活性。     

敏化对微弧氧化TiO2膜光催化性能的影响

采用微弧氧化法以磷酸钠为电解液在钛片上制备TiO2膜,通过对苯胺废水的光催化降解率来表征TiO2膜的光催化性能,采用溶胶-凝胶和敏化处理对TiO2膜进行改性。实验结果表明:用溴甲酚绿敏化溶胶-凝胶法负载两次的TiO2膜,当溴甲酚绿敏化剂的质量浓度为20 mg/L,pH为5,敏化时间为16 h,TiO2膜的光催化效率达到40.6%。     

太阳光照射下CdS/TiO_2复合纳米粉体的光催化性能

分别采用溶胶-凝胶法和化学沉积法两种方法将CdS修饰在Degussa P25TiO2上,制备得到CdS/TiO2复合纳米粉体,借助XRD、UV-vis漫反射、EDS等手段对其进行表征分析,选择亚甲基蓝(MB)为模型反应物,考察了太阳光照射条件下CdS/TiO2的光催化性能。结果表明,亚甲基蓝溶液初始质量浓度为20mg/L,光催化剂投加量为2g/L时,持续光照60min后,CdS/TiO2对MB的降解率较P25TiO2提高11%～15%;光照120min后,MB降解率最高,达90%以上。阳光照射下CdS/TiO2对MB的光降解反应遵从Langmuir-Hinshelwood模型,动力学结果符合假一级动力学方程,对应的表观反应速率常数是P25TiO2的1.1～1.4倍。用化学沉积法制备的CdS/TiO复合体的光催化活性优于溶胶-凝胶法,与XRD、UV-vis漫反射、EDS等表征结果一致。     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates Attract Stink Bugs and Tachinid Parasitoids

Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Pentatomidae), called the brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), is a newly invasive species in the eastern USA that is rapidly spreading from the original point of establishment in Allentown, PA. In its native range, the BMSB is reportedly attracted to methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate, the male-produced pheromone of another pentatomid common in eastern Asia, Plautia stali Scott. In North America, Thyanta spp. are the only pentatomids known to produce methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate [the (E,Z,Z)-isomer] as part of their pheromones. Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates were field-tested in Maryland to monitor the spread of the BMSB and to explore the possibility that Thyanta spp. are an alternate host for parasitic tachinid flies that use stink bug pheromones as host-finding kairomones. Here we report the first captures of adult and nymph BMSBs in traps baited with methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate in central Maryland and present data verifying that the tachinid, Euclytia flava (Townsend), exploits methyl (E,Z,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate as a kairomone. We also report the unexpected finding that various isomers of methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate attract Acrosternum hilare (Say), although this bug apparently does not produce methyl decatrienoates. Other stink bugs and tachinids native to North America were also attracted to methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates. These data indicate there are Heteroptera in North America in addition to Thyanta spp. that probably use methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates as pheromones. The evidence that some pentatomids exploit the pheromones of other true bugs as kairomones to find food or to congregate as a passive defense against tachinid parasitism is discussed.     

2007～2008年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2007年7月～2008年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2007～2008年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况.按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯·硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和聚酯树脂、环氧树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍.     

2005～2006年国外塑料工业进展

收集了2005年7月～2006年6月国外塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2005—2006年国外塑料工业的发展情况。提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂生产量以及各国塑料制品的进出口情况。作为对比,介绍了中国塑料的生产情况。按通用热塑性树脂（聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂）、工程塑料（聚酰胺、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚）、通用热固性树脂（酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和树脂、环氧树脂）、特种工程塑料（聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮）的品种顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的扩展作了详细的介绍。