高性能硫铝酸盐-硅酸盐复合胶凝体系的制备及性能研究

根据实验配比,制备了硫铝酸盐-硅酸盐复合胶凝体系,通过XRD、SEM、TG-DTG和力学性能分析等对复合胶凝体系进行了表征,探究了不同硫铝酸盐掺量下复合胶凝体系的物相结构、显微形貌、热性能和力学性能。结果表明,硫铝酸盐-硅酸盐复合胶凝体系中主要检测到Ca(OH)_2、Mulite、钙矾石(AFT)、水硫铝钙石(Kuzelite)、单硫型硫铝酸钙(AFm)和Ca_3SiO_5等产物相,随着硫铝酸盐掺量的增加,体系水化产物中Ca(OH)_2的峰均有降低趋势;不同硫铝酸盐掺量的复合胶凝体系的结构致密性相差不大,随着硫铝酸盐掺量的增加,大量针状的钙矾石(AFT)的含量明显增加,块状的Ca_3SiO_5含量减少;所有复合胶凝体系的失重曲线规律较为相似,且掺杂硫铝酸盐水泥的体系的失重率均明显高于不掺杂的试样;随着硫铝酸盐掺量的增加,复合胶凝体系在1,3和28 d的抗压强度均呈现逐渐增大的趋势,当硫铝酸盐的掺量为25%(质量分数)时,复合胶凝体系在28 d的抗压强度达到了最大值49.3 MPa,相比在1 d时36.5 MPa,增加了35.1%。     

普通硅酸盐-硫铝酸盐水泥复合凝胶体系的制备及性能研究

根据设计配比,制备了普通硅酸盐-硫铝酸盐水泥复合凝胶体系。通过改变普通硅酸盐水泥和硫铝酸盐水泥的质量比、水胶比和减水剂用量等参数,采用净浆流动度、凝胶时间、结石率、抗压强度和竖向膨胀率等实验,探究了普通硅酸盐-硫铝酸盐水泥复合凝胶体系的性能影响因素。结果表明,当硫铝酸盐水泥的用量为70%(质量分数)、水胶比为0.5、减水剂用量为0.5‰(质量分数)时,复合胶凝体系的流动度最大,达320 mm,可注性好;其初凝和终凝时间分别为6和14 min,凝胶时间短;其结石率为100%,28 d竖向膨胀率约为0.14%,无需二次注浆;其28 d抗压强度为43 MPa,加固强度高。适量的硅灰和硅渣的掺杂可以提高复合胶凝体系后期的抗压强度、抗折强度和流动度,当硅灰掺量为10%(质量分数)时,复合胶凝体系3和28 d的抗压强度、抗折强度出现了峰值;当硅渣掺量为15%(质量分数)时,复合胶凝体系28 d的抗压强度和抗折强度达到最高;当硅渣掺量为10%(质量分数)时,复合胶凝体系流动度达到334 mm。     

铅锌渣生态胶凝材料的制备及水化特性研究

铅锌冶炼渣经高温熔融,水淬急冷会形成玻璃形态物料,在碱性条件下具有一定的活性,可用于生产建材掺合料和胶凝材料。以铅锌渣为主原料,添加少量水氯镁石、钙基固废和水泥作为激发剂,成功制备了铅锌渣生态胶凝材料。通过电子万能试验机、X射线衍射仪(XRD)分析了胶凝材料的力学性能和水化产物特征;通过正交试验的方法研究了胶凝材料力学性能的变化;并通过扫描电镜(SEM)、傅里叶红外光谱(FT-IR)、压汞仪(MIP)等方法分析了胶凝材料水化产物的微观形貌及结构特征。结果表明,当水氯镁石掺量为3%(质量分数),固废总掺量为70%(质量分数),水灰比为0.4,钙基固废掺量为16%(质量分数)时,制备出的铅锌渣生态胶凝材料性能最优,其28 d抗压强度达到9.73 MPa,且水灰比为影响抗压强度的第一因素;XRD分析表明,胶凝材料发生了聚合反应,生成了-Si-O-Si-的结构;SEM分析表明,胶凝材料水化产物微观下呈现蜂窝状结构,这种结构激发了其潜在水化活性,提升了材料的力学性能;FT-IR分析表明,Si-O键逐渐聚合为Si-O-Si键,C-S-H中硅氧四面体聚合度增加;MIP分析表明,胶凝材料的孔径较小,硬化体结构密实,强度较大。     

钢渣激发脱硫石膏水硬性胶凝材料的研究

研究旨在开发一种以钢渣为碱性激发剂,以烟气脱硫石膏、矿渣粉为主要为原料的脱硫石膏水硬性胶凝材料。该胶凝体系3天抗折强度和抗压强度可达4.4 MPa和15.8 MPa;28天抗折强度和抗压强度可达9.4 MPa和50.7 MPa。其试样的强度随钢渣掺量的增加而增加,而钢渣含量一旦超过8%后,增长幅度变缓,甚至开始降低。XRD和SEM分析表明,脱硫石膏-矿渣-激发剂体系的水化产物主要是钙矾石和C-S-H凝胶。脱硫石膏在水化过程中一部分参与水化形成水化产物钙矾石,其余部分被水化产物所包裹起集料骨架作用。     

钢渣激发脱硫石膏水硬性胶凝材料的研究

研究旨在开发一种以钢渣为碱性激发剂,以烟气脱硫石膏、矿渣粉为主要为原料的脱硫石膏水硬性胶凝材料。该胶凝体系3天抗折强度和抗压强度可达4.4 MPa和15.8 MPa;28天抗折强度和抗压强度可达9.4 MPa和50.7 MPa。其试样的强度随钢渣掺量的增加而增加,而钢渣含量一旦超过8%后,增长幅度变缓,甚至开始降低。XRD和SEM分析表明,脱硫石膏-矿渣-激发剂体系的水化产物主要是钙矾石和C-S-H凝胶。脱硫石膏在水化过程中一部分参与水化形成水化产物钙矾石,其余部分被水化产物所包裹起集料骨架作用。     

普通硅酸盐-硫铝酸盐复合胶凝体系水化性能和机理研究

对普通硅酸盐(P·O)-硫铝酸盐(R·SAC)复合胶凝体系的凝结时间、胶砂强度进行了分析,利用等温量热仪、综合热分析仪(TG-DSC)、扫描电镜(SEM)、X射线衍射仪(XRD)等从水化速率及水化产物微观形貌等方面分析了复合胶凝体系的水化机理。结果表明:当R·SAC掺量约为10%时,复合胶凝体系的凝结时间相比P·O明显缩短,早期强度提高幅度较大,同时也能获得较大幅度的后期强度增长,力学性能较纯组分水泥性能优越。复合胶凝体系的早期水化速率和放热量高于单组分水泥。随着R·SAC的掺入,复合胶凝体系的水化产物中钙矾石(AFt)增多,Ca(OH)₂晶体减少,且AFt的生成量越多,越有利于早期强度的发展,当R·SAC掺量超过30%时,Ca(OH)₂消失。     

自燃煤矸石胶凝材料中钙矾石形成研究

采用XRD分析了自燃煤矸石胶凝材料中活性Al2O3在不同因素影响下水化形成钙矾石的情况.研究结果表明,在相同条件下芒硝存在,时自燃煤矸石中活性Al2O3水化生成钙矾石,而含等量硫的石膏存在时水化浆体中不但有水化产物钙矾石还有未反应的石膏;胶凝体系中不含熟石灰时,活性Al2O3水化首先生成石膏,随着水化的进行再转化成钙矾石,而在有熟石灰时水化则直接生成钙矾石;矿渣促进了自燃煤矸石中Al2O3水化形成钙矾石.     

硫铝酸盐水泥增强建筑石膏的力学性能与耐水性能机理

石膏基胶凝材料的力学性能低、耐水性能差是限制其应用的主要原因.本工作通过复掺硫铝酸盐水泥,研究其对建筑石膏水化硬化进程及石膏硬化体力学性能与耐水性能的影响.结果表明,随着硫铝酸盐水泥掺量的增加,建筑石膏标准稠度需水量小幅降低,水化进程加速;10％水泥掺量时,石膏硬化体2 h与3 d的绝干抗折、抗压强度均大幅提升,2 h增幅高达34.8％、29.0％,3 d增幅高达28.8％、34.7％;同时饱水抗折强度由2.35 MPa提升至3.38 MPa,增幅高达43.8％,吸水率相应降低.XRD、SEM、MIP微观结构分析表明:硫铝酸盐水泥与建筑石膏复掺,水化生成针尖状的钙矾石(AFt)与无定形铝凝胶(AH3),AFt与针棒状二水石膏(DH)交织、穿插生长,在晶体之间发挥架桥、连接作用,同时AH3紧密填充在孔隙之间形成致密的晶胶结构中,石膏硬化体孔隙率降低,孔径明显细化,力学性能与耐水性能得到显著改善.     

硫铝酸盐水泥基胶凝材料的改性研究

根据结晶诱导、超细粉体、化学激发等效应,通过抗压强度测试、XRD、热重、SEM等分析手段对大掺量粉煤灰的硫铝酸盐水泥进行了研究。实验结果表明,引入增强组分M后,试块2h、3,7,28d最高抗压强度分别提高了140%,116%,80%和60%;钙矾石及铝胶生成量增多,体系变的更致密,2h就能达很高强度;M的引入,可能使钙矾石初始结晶度变差;随养护龄期的延长,钙矾石结晶度逐渐变好,M促使粉煤灰参与后续水化反应,使粉煤灰颗粒被水化物紧密包裹,体系变得更致密,试块后期强度变大。     

硫铝酸盐水泥基复合相变储能砂浆的制备及其性能

采用熔融共混法制备“低密度聚乙烯（LDPE）-石蜡-石墨”复合定形相变材料（SSPCM）,并以硫铝酸盐水泥作为胶凝材料,制备了硫铝酸盐水泥基复合相变储能砂浆（TESCCM）。利用SEM、激光扫描共聚焦显微镜（LSCM）、DSC和TGA分析了SSPCM和TESCCM的微观形貌、蓄热能力和热稳定性。通过测试TESCCM的抗压和抗折强度,分析了SSPCM含量对TESCCM力学性能的影响,并利用自制热性能测试箱评价了TESCCM的热调节性能。结果表明：LDPE能够形成多层次网状结构,可实现对相变石蜡的有效包裹,所制备的SSPCM热焓值可达88.02 J/g; SSPCM与水泥基体结合良好; TESCCM具有热稳定性好、强度增长快、早期强度高及调温性能显著等特点。SSPCM含量增加会使TESCCM的强度降低,但对材料的韧性却有所改善。对于SSPCM与水泥质量比为50%的TESCCM,1天和3天抗压强度分别为5.58 MPa和6.51 MPa,28天压折比为2.7。     

凝固科学技术与材料

从凝固科学与实践发展的角度介绍了当前凝固材料体系的基本框架和凝固科学主要发展阶段的基本理论。作为材料科学与工程的基本组成，凝固科学技术正在现代科学理论的基础上针对传统材料的改性提高和新材料的发展需求，以控形、控构、控性为目标开展优质铸件的定向、晶体生长、快凝、深过冷及各种新型和超常领域凝固过程的研究，并介绍了其中某些方面和展望了可能的发展趋势。     

Development and challenges of planning and scheduling for petroleum and petrochemical production

Production planning and scheduling are becoming the core of production management, which support the decision of a petrochemical company. The optimization of production planning and scheduling is attempted by every refinery because it gains additional profit and stabilizes the daily production. The optimization problem considered in industry and academic research is of different levels of realism and complexity, thus increasing the gap. Operation research with mathematical programming is a conventional approach used to address the planning and scheduling problem. Additionally, modeling the processes, objectives, and constraints and developing the optimization algorithms are significant for industry and research. This paper introduces the perspective of production planning and scheduling from the development viewpoint.     

江澳两地高校文创设计的协同研究与商业实践

目的 探索江门世遗文化的传承、发展和转化的新思路,践行国家在《粤港澳大湾区发展规划》纲要中要求江门承担与港澳地区文化创意合作与开发任务的分工。方法 与澳门高校紧密合作,开展专业培训课程,以开平碉楼为例,从人文视角开展设计研究,梳理开平碉楼的文化脉络,把世遗文化的元素和其背后的文化融入文创产品中,提升文创产品的附加值,推动当地文创产业结构的变革。结果 两地高校构建了稳定的科研团队,开设长期有效的设计培训课程,与景区建立了研究协作关系,帮助景区构建了一套产销研的商业模式。结论 以跨区域高校合作为平台,以文创产品为抓手,依托江澳两地的资源优势,可以构建江门世遗文化全新的品牌形象,最终推动开平世遗文化的活化。     

Error and uncertainty in modeling and simulation

This article develops a general framework for identifying error and uncertainty in computational simulations that deal with the numerical solution of a set of partial differential equations (PDEs). A comprehensive, new view of the general phases of modeling and simulation is proposed, consisting of the following phases: conceptual modeling of the physical system, mathematical modeling of the conceptual model, discretization and algorithm selection for the mathematical model, computer programming of the discrete model, numerical solution of the computer program model, and representation of the numerical solution. Our view incorporates the modeling and simulation phases that are recognized in the systems engineering and operations research communities, but it adds phases that are specific to the numerical solution of PDEs. In each of these phases, general sources of uncertainty, both aleatory and epistemic, and error are identified. Our general framework is applicable to any numerical discretization procedure for solving ODEs or PDEs. To demonstrate this framework, we describe a system-level example: the flight of an unguided, rocket-boosted, aircraft-launched missile. This example is discussed in detail at each of the six phases of modeling and simulation. Two alternative models of the flight dynamics are considered, along with aleatory uncertainty of the initial mass of the missile and epistemic uncertainty in the thrust of the rocket motor. We also investigate the interaction of modeling uncertainties and numerical integration error in the solution of the ordinary differential equations for the flight dynamics.     

Density and viscosity of tetralin and trans-decalin

New measurements are reported for the density and viscosity of tetralin and trans-decalin. The density was determined from room temperature to 60°C for tetralin and to 95°C for trans-decalin. The kinematic viscosity was measured up to temperatures slightly above 100°C. Our results improve upon the values recommended by the American Petroleum Institute for these liquids.     

Creation and motion of dislocations and fracture in metal and silicon crystals

By making a step on one surface ( ) of a rectangular small paralellepiped copper crystal, dislocations could be created by the molecular dynamic method. The dislocation created was not a complete edge dislocation but a pair of Heidenreich-Shockley partial dislocations. Each time a dislocation was created, the stress on the surface was released. Small copper crystals having a notch were pulled (until fracture), compressed and buckled by use of the molecular dynamic method. An embedded atom potential was used to represent the interaction between atoms. Dislocations were created near the tip of the notch. A very sharp yield stress was observed. The results of high speed deformations of pure silicon small crystals using the molecular dynamics are presented. The results suggest that plastic deformation may be possible for the silicon with a high speed deformation even at room temperature. Another small size single crystal, the same size and the same surfaces, was compressed using molecular dynamic method. The surfaces are {110}, {112} and {111}. The compressed direction was [111]. It was found that silicon crystals are possible to be compressed with a high speed deformation. This may suggest that silicon may be plastically deformed with high speed deformation.     

SMC／BMC的回收与再利用

SMC／BMC废弃物对工业及环境造成了很大影响，指出了SMC／BMC回收再利用的紧迫性。通过对目前国际上SMC／BMC回收再利用的3种典型途径优缺点的对比，参照国外SMC／BMC回收再利用的先进方法，对我国SMC／BMC回收再利用提供了可行的建议．     

The Candela and Photometric and Radiometric Measurements

The national measurement system for photometric and radiometric quantities is presently based upon techniques that make these quantities traceable to a high-accuracy cryogenic radiometer. The redefinition of the candela in 1979 provided the opportunity for national measurement laboratories to base their photometric measurements on optical detector technology rather than on the emission from high-temperature blackbody optical sources. The ensuing technical developments of the past 20 years, including the significant improvements in cryogenic radiometer performance, have provided the opportunity to place the fundamental maintenance of photometric quantities upon absolute detector based technology as was allowed by the 1979 redefinition. Additionally, the development of improved photodetectors has had a significant impact on the methodology in most of the radiometric measurement areas. This paper will review the status of the NIST implementation of the technical changes mandated by the 1979 redefinition of the candela and its effect upon the maintenance and dissemination of optical radiation measurements.