基于自适应融合网络的跨域行人重识别方法

无监督跨域的行人重识别旨在将从有标签的源域中学习到的知识迁移到无标签的目标域,具有实用性和有效性而得到广泛关注.基于聚类的跨域行人重识别可以生成伪标签并对模型进行优化使得其表现较其他方法更优,然而这类方法由于过于依赖聚类伪标签的准确性,忽略了对伪标签噪声的处理,导致噪声随着网络迭代而不断扩大,影响模型的鲁棒性.针对这个问题,提出了基于自适应融合网络的方法,利用双网络结构共同学习,并将学习到的知识进行融合得到融合网络;为了区分两个网络的学习能力,设计了自适应融合策略;同时,利用细粒度风格转换模块对目标域数据集进行处理,降低行人图像对相机变换的敏感度.在行人重识别基准数据集Market1501、DukeMTMC-ReID和MSMT17上,通过评估指标平均精度均值和Rank-n与主流的方法进行了对比实验,验证了该方法的有效性.     

基于一致性约束和标签优化的无监督域适应行人重识别

目的 无监督域适应行人重识别（unsupervised domain adaptive pedestrians’ re-identification,UDA Re-ID）旨在通过已有标记的应用场景（即源域）数据和新的无标记应用场景（即目标域）数据,训练一个可以在目标域泛化性能好的行人重识别模型。现有方法没有考虑实例特征在训练过程中的不稳定问题,也没有显式考虑由于相机变化所导致的行人类内距离变大、类间距离变小的问题,以及无标注目标域数据聚类误差带来的伪标签噪声问题。针对这些问题,提出了一种具有一致性约束和标签优化的方法。方法 首先提出了实例一致性以约束同一实例在不同增广下的特征距离,提升行人实例特征稳定性;然后提出相机一致性以约束跨相机正实例特征对之间的距离,提升对相机变化的鲁棒性;最后提出了基于标签集成的标签优化,将one-hot编码的伪标签转换为更可靠的软标签,提升了监督信号的鲁棒性。结果 本文方法在Duke→Market,Market→Duke,Duke→MSMT,Market→MSMT等常用的UDA Re-ID任务上的平均精度均值（mean average precision,m...     

基于语义伪标签和双重特征存储库的无监督跨模态行人重识别

现有的有监督可见光-近红外行人重识别方法需要大量人力资源去除手工标注数据,容易受到标注数据场景的限制,难以满足真实多变应用场景的泛化性.因此,文中提出基于语义伪标签和双重特征存储库的无监督跨模态行人重识别方法.首先,提出基于对比学习框架的预训练方法,利用可见光行人图像和其生成的辅助灰度图像进行训练.利用该预训练方法获取对颜色变化具有鲁棒性的语义特征提取网络.然后,使用DBSCAN(Density-Based Spatial Clustering of Applications with Noise)聚类方法生成语义伪标签.相比现有的伪标签生成方法,文中提出的语义伪标签在生成过程中充分利用跨模态数据之间的结构信息,减少跨模态数据颜色变化带来的模态差异.此外,文中还构建实例级困难样本特征存储库和中心级聚类特征存储库,充分利用困难样本特征和聚类特征,让模型对噪声伪标签具有更强的鲁棒性.在SYSU-MM01、RegDB两个跨模态数据集上的实验验证文中方法的有效性.     

联合可靠实例挖掘和特征优化的无监督行人重识别

针对无监督行人重识别方法的伪标签中包含大量噪声的问题,提出一种联合可靠实例挖掘和特征优化的行人重识别方法.首先设计一种衡量伪标签可靠度的指标,利用不同参数下DBSCAN聚类结果的稳定性衡量伪标签的质量;然后提出可靠实例挖掘策略进行伪标签去噪,伪标签可靠度大于预设阈值的实例保留其原伪标签,反之则修正其伪标签;再提出融合全局和局部特征的二重动量更新策略,每个batch对涉及的样本进行即时特征更新,每个epoch对存储字典中所有样本特征进行更新;最后利用统一对比损失对骨干神经网络进行训练优化.在2个大型公共数据集Market-1501和DukeMTMC-reID上的实验结果表明,mAP分别达到77.9%和67.4%,Rank-1分别达到90.2%和88.2%.     

近邻中心迭代策略的单标注视频行人重识别

为解决视频行人重识别数据集标注困难的问题,提出了基于单标注样本视频行人重识别的近邻中心迭代策略.该策略逐步利用伪标签视频片段迭代更新网络结构,以获得最佳的模型.针对预测无标签视频片段的伪标签准确率低的问题,提出了一种标签评估方法：每次训练后,将所选取的伪标签视频片段和有标签视频片段特征中每个类的中心点作为下一次训练中预测伪标签的度量中心点;同时提出基于交叉熵损失和在线实例匹配损失的损失控制策略,使得训练过程更加稳定,无标签数据的伪标签预测准确率更高.在MARS,DukeMTMC-VideoReID这两个大型数据集上的实验验证了该方法相比于最新的先进方法,在性能上得到非常好的提升.     

近邻优化跨域无监督行人重识别算法

目的 无监督行人重识别可缓解有监督方法中数据集标注成本高的问题,其中无监督跨域自适应是最常见的行人重识别方案。现有UDA（unsupervised domain adaptive）行人重识别方法在聚类过程中容易引入伪标签噪声,存在对相似人群区分能力差等问题。方法 针对上述问题,基于特征具有类内收敛性、类内连续性与类间外散性的特点,提出了一种基于近邻优化的跨域无监督行人重识别方法,首先采用有监督方法得到源域预训练模型,然后在目标域进行无监督训练。为增强模型对高相似度行人的辨识能力,设计了邻域对抗损失函数,任意样本与其他样本构成样本对,使类别确定性最强的一组样本对与不确定性最强的一组样本对之间进行对抗。为使类内样本特征朝着同一方向收敛,设计了特征连续性损失函数,将特征距离曲线进行中心归一化处理,在维持特征曲线固有差异的同时,拉近样本k邻近特征距离。结果 消融实验结果表明损失函数各部分的有效性,对比实验结果表明,提出方法性能较已有方法更具优势,在Market-1501（1501 identities dataset from market）和DukeMTMC-reID（multi-targetmulti-camera person re-identification dataset from Duke University）数据集上的Rank-1和平均精度均值（mean averageprecision,mAP）指标分别达到了92.8%、84.1%和83.9%、71.1%。结论 提出方法设计了邻域对抗损失与邻域连续性损失函数,增强了模型对相似人群的辨识能力,从而有效提升了行人重识别的性能。     

基于单标注样本的多损失学习与联合度量视频行人重识别

为解决行人重识别标注成本巨大的问题,提出了基于单标注样本的多损失学习与联合度量视频行人重识别方法.针对标签样本数量少,得到的模型不够鲁棒的问题,提出了多损失学习(MLL)策略:在每次训练过程中,针对不同的数据,采用不同的损失函数进行优化,提高模型的判别力.其次,在标签估计时,提出了一个联合距离度量(JDM),该度量将样...     

时间特征互补的无监督视频行人重识别

目前的视频行人重识别方法不能有效提取视频帧之间的时空信息,且需要解决人工标签的问题,提出一种时间特征互补的无监督视频行人重识别方法。利用时间特征擦除网络模块对视频帧与帧之间的时间信息特征及空间信息特征进行擦除提取,挖掘行人不同的特征以减少每帧特征的冗余,进而得到目标行人不同视觉的完整特征。通过约束性无监督层次聚类模块计算每个样本之间的距离得到高质量的不同身份集群,根据集群之间距离进行聚类生成高质量的伪标签,提高不同身份极度相似的样本识别性,并根据PK抽样困难样本三元组损失模块从已经聚类好的结果中抽取样本生成一个新的数据集,以便在每次聚类迭代后进行训练,减少困难样例对模型的影响。在MARS数据集和DukeMTMC-VideoReID数据集上的实验结果表明,该方法的平均精度均值分别达到了46.4%和72.5%,Rank-1分别达到了69.3%和80.5%,性能指标优于传统的RACM和DAL等方法。     

基于伪标签的无监督领域自适应行人重识别研究综述

行人重识别是计算机视觉领域的热点研究课题之一。近年来，为了解决行人重识别实际应用中标签数据稀缺的问题，同时也为了有效地利用现有的标签数据，研究者们提出了基于生成对抗网络以及基于伪标签的领域自适应方法，用于进行跨领域的行人重识别研究。基于伪标签的无监督领域自适应行人重识别方法由于效果显著而备受研究者的青睐。文中梳理了近7年来基于伪标签的无监督领域自适应行人重识别的研究成果，将基于伪标签的方法从模型训练角度划分为两个阶段。1)伪标签生成阶段。现有工作的伪标签生成方法大多使用聚类方法，部分工作采用基于图结构学习的图匹配、图卷积网络方法来生成目标域的伪标签。2)伪标签精炼阶段。文中将现有的伪标签精炼方法归纳为基于表征学习的精炼方法以及基于相似度学习的精炼方法，并分别进行模型方法的总结与整理。最后，讨论现阶段基于伪标签的无监督领域自适应行人重识别面临的挑战并对未来可能的发展方向进行展望。     

基于多分支注意网络与相似度学习策略的无监督行人重识别

无监督行人重识别的挑战在于学习没有真实标签的行人的判别性特征。为增强网络对行人特征的表达能力,进一步从空间和通道维度上提取更丰富的特征信息,提出了一种基于多分支注意网络的行人重识别特征提取方法。该方法通过捕获空间维度和通道维度上不同分支之间的交互信息,能够学习到更具判别性的行人特征表示。此外,针对噪声标签会对聚类质心产生干扰的问题,提出了相似度学习策略(SLS)。该策略先计算每个聚类中样本特征之间的相似性,然后选取相似性分数最高的特征向量所对应的样本进行对比学习,有效地缓解了聚类噪声导致的累积训练误差。实验结果表明,和无监督场景下的自步对比学习方法(SPCL)相比,在Market-1501,DukeMTMC-reID和MSMT17等3个数据集上的rank-1准确度分别提升了4.6%,3.3%和16.3%,显著地提高了无监督行人重识别的检索精度。     

Only connect: teaching, technology and telesis

Abstract This paper describes an approach to the design of interactive multimedia materials being developed in a European Community project. The developmental process is seen as a dialogue between technologists and teachers. This dialogue is often problematic because of the differences in training, experience and culture between them. Conditions needed for fruitful dialogue are described and the generic model for learning design used in the project is explained.     

European Community policy and the market

Abstract This paper starts with some reflections on the policy considerations and priorities which are shaping European Commission (EC) research programmes. Then it attempts to position the current projects which seek to capitalise on information and communications technologies for learning in relation to these priorities and the apparent realities of the marketplace. It concludes that while there are grounds to be optimistic about the contribution EC programmes can make to the efficiency and standard of education and training, they are still too technology driven.     

一种自适应子融合集成多分类器方法

融合集成方法已经广泛应用在模式识别领域,然而一些基分类器实时性能稳定性较差,导致多分类器融合性能差,针对上述问题本文提出了一种新的基于多分类器的子融合集成分类器系统。该方法考虑在度量层融合层次之上通过对各类基多分类器进行动态选择,票数最多的类别作为融合系统中对特征向量识别的类别,构成一种新的自适应子融合集成分类器方法。实验表明,该方法比传统的分类器以及分类融合方法识别准确率明显更高,具有更好的鲁棒性。     

Avoiding semantic and temporal gaps in developing software intensive systems

Development of software intensive systems (systems) in practice involves a series of self-contained phases for the lifecycle of a system. Semantic and temporal gaps, which occur among phases and among developer disciplines within and across phases, hinder the ongoing development of a system because of the interdependencies among phases and among disciplines. Such gaps are magnified among systems that are developed at different times by different development teams, which may limit reuse of artifacts of systems development and interoperability among the systems. This article discusses such gaps and a systems development process for avoiding them.     

Designing economic np control charts: A programmed simulation approach

This paper presents control charts models and the necessary simulation software for the location of economic values of the control parameters. The simulation program is written in FORTRAN, requires only 10K of main storage, and can run on most mini and micro computers. Two models are presented - one describes the process when it is operating at full capacity and the other when the process is operating under capacity. The models allow the product quality to deteriorate to a further level before an existing out-of-control state is detected, and they can also be used in situations where no prior knowledge exists of the out-of-control causes and the resulting proportion defectives.     

The development of robot art

Going through a few examples of robot artists who are recognized worldwide, we try to analyze the deepest meaning of what is called “robot art” and the related art field definition. We also try to highlight its well-marked borders, such as kinetic sculptures, kinetic art, cyber art, and cyberpunk. A brief excursion into the importance of the context, the message, and its semiotics is also provided, case by case, together with a few hints on the history of this discipline in the light of an artistic perspective. Therefore, the aim of this article is to try to summarize the main characteristics that might classify robot art as a unique and innovative discipline, and to track down some of the principles by which a robotic artifact can or cannot be considered an art piece in terms of social, cultural, and strictly artistic interest. This work was presented in part at the 13th International Symposium on Artificial Life and Robotics, Oita, Japan, January 31–February 2, 2008     

Explanation and prediction: an architecture for default and abductive reasoning

Although there are many arguments that logic is an appropriate tool for artificial intelligence, there has been a perceived problem with the monotonicity of classical logic. This paper elaborates on the idea that reasoning should be viewed as theory formation where logic tells us the consequences of our assumptions. The two activities of predicting what is expected to be true and explaining observations are considered in a simple theory formation framework. Properties of each activity are discussed, along with a number of proposals as to what should be predicted or accepted as reasonable explanations. An architecture is proposed to combine explanation and prediction into one coherent framework. Algorithms used to implement the system as well as examples from a running implementation are given.     

Three Process Perspectives: Organizations, Teams, and People

This paper provides the author's personal views and perspectives on software process improvement. Starting with his first work on technology assessment in IBM over 20 years ago, Watts Humphrey describes the process improvement work he has been directly involved in. This includes the development of the early process assessment methods, the original design of the CMM, and the introduction of the Personal Software Process (PSP)^SM and Team Software Process (TSP){^SM}. In addition to describing the original motivation for this work, the author also reviews many of the problems he and his associates encountered and why they solved them the way they did. He also comments on the outstanding issues and likely directions for future work. Finally, this work has built on the experiences and contributions of many people. Mr. Humphrey only describes work that he was personally involved in and he names many of the key contributors. However, so many people have been involved in this work that a full list of the important participants would be impractical.     

基于复小波噪声方差显著修正的SAR图像去噪

提出了一种基于复小波域统计建模与噪声方差估计显著性修正相结合的合成孔径雷达(Synthetic Aperture Radar,SAR)图像斑点噪声滤波方法。该方法首先通过对数变换将乘性噪声模型转化为加性噪声模型,然后对变换后的图像进行双树复小波变换(Dualtree Complex Wavelet Transform,DCWT),并对复数小波系数的统计分布进行建模。在此先验分布的基础上,通过运用贝叶斯估计方法从含噪系数中恢复原始系数,达到滤除噪声的目的。实验结果表明该方法在去除噪声的同时保留了图像的细节信息,取得了很好的降噪效果。     

How do children do mathematics with LOGO?

Abstract  This paper considers some results of a study designed to investigate the kinds of mathematical activity undertaken by children (aged between 8 and 11) as they learned to program in LOGO. A model of learning modes is proposed, which attempts to describe the ways in which children used and acquired understanding of the programming/mathematical concepts involved. The remainder of the paper is concerned with discussing the validity and limitations of the model, and its implications for further research and curriculum development.