零序分量注入型三电平感应电动机矢量控制系统

提出一种基于三电平中点箝位(NPC)逆变器的零序分量注入型感应电动机矢量控制方案。系统中使用快速电流控制的直接转子磁链定向矢量控制模式,由于定子电流是由快速电流环控制,因此系统中不用使用定子电压方程,并且不需要解耦电路。转子磁链位置角由磁通模型计算得到。感应电动机由三电平NPC逆变器供电,三电平NPC逆变器由于开关器件的电压应力是传统两电平逆变器开关器件上电压应力的一半,所以适合用于中压调速系统。逆变器控制采用开关优化PWM算法,通过注入零序分量,不但优化功率器件的开关频率,而且可以稳定中点电位。仿真结果表明,该方法在三电平逆变器供电的感应电动机上有效地实现了矢量控制,并且具有很好的性能。     

Transient analysis of an advanced static var compensator using quad-series voltage-source PAM inverters

This paper deals with an advanced static Var compensator (ASVC) using quad-series voltage-source PAM inverters. The ASVC consists of four three-phase voltage-source inverters with a common dc capacitor and four three-phase transformers, each primary winding of which is connected in series with each other. Each inverter outputs a square-wave voltage, while the synthesized output voltage of the ASVC has a 24-step wave shape. This results not only in a great reduction of harmonic currents and dc voltage ripples but also in fewer switching and snubbing losses. In this paper, transient analysis is performed with the focus on the response of reactive power and the resonance between the dc capacitor and ac reactors. Experimental results obtained from a small-rated laboratory model of 10 kVA are also shown to verify analytical results based on the p-q transformation. The analytical results help in the design of system parameters such as the capacity of the dc capacitor and feedback gains.     

Improved Torque and Flux Performance of Type-2 Fuzzy-based Direct Torque Control Induction Motor Using Space Vector Pulse-width Modulation

The conventional proportional integral controlled direct torque control of an induction motor using the space vector pulse-width modulation technique may provide satisfactory dynamic response. However, the proportional integral controller (PIC) does not provide efficient dynamic performance in the induction motor drive during sudden changes in the load or speed. To improve dynamic performance of the induction motor drive, the PICs are replaced by type-2 fuzzy logic control. The type-2 fuzzy improves the starting transient performance as well as the steady-state response. In addition, the type-2 fuzzy direct torque control provides lesser current total harmonic distortion, flux distortion, and torque pulsation of the induction motor drive compared to conventional direct torque control. A MATLAB Simulink (The MathWorks, Natick, Massachusetts, USA) model for direct torque control with type-2 fuzzy logic control is developed to simulate the response of an induction motor drive with different operating conditions. The space vector pulse-width modulation technique is used to drive the inverter, as it produces lesser total harmonic distortion in inverter current and voltage waveforms for a given switching transition due to the single switching frequency for the movement of each state vector. A prototype type-2 fuzzy-based direct torque control induction motor with space vector pulse-width modulation is developed to validate the simulated response. The control signals for the inverter are generated by the DSPACE DS1104 (DSPACE GmbH, Germany) to drive a two-HP induction machine.     

基于多电平随机脉宽调制技术的共模电压和谐波抑制方法

在PWM电机驱动系统中,多电平逆变技术可以降低系统中的共模电压和谐波含量,但是由于开关频率是固定的,在开关频率处的谐波仍很大。随机开关频率空间矢量调制技术可以通过对零矢量的控制,实现对共模电压的抑制,并且开关频率的随机化,使得开关频率处的幅值较大的谐波分散为一定带宽的幅值较小的谐波,降低了谐波的幅值。给出了混合型七电平逆变器的拓扑结构及控制方法,将高压单元的低频输出和低压单元的高频输出进行叠加,实现七电平的电压输出。分析了不同的开关状态对共模电压的影响,提出了用于共模电压抑制的矢量选择方法和用于降低谐波的开关频率随机化方法,仿真和实验结果显示,多电平逆变技术和随机脉宽调制技术的结合使用,大大降低了系统的共模电压和开关频率处的谐波分量。     

Back-to-back three-level converter controlled by a novel space-vector hysteresis current control for wind conversion systems

In this paper, a novel space-vector hysteresis current control (SVHCC) is proposed for a back-to-back three-level converter which is used as an electronic interface in a wind conversion system. The proposed SVHCC controls the active and reactive powers delivered to the grid by the doubly fed induction machine (DFIM) through the control of its rotor currents. In addition, it controls the neutral point voltage by using the redundant inverter switching states. The three rotor current errors are gathered into a single space-vector quantity. The magnitude of the error vector is limited within boundary areas of a square shape. The control scheme is based firstly on the detection of the area and sector in which the vector tip of the current error can be located. Then, an appropriate voltage vector among the 27 voltage vectors of the three-level voltage source inverter (VSI) is applied to push the error vector towards the hysteresis boundaries. Simple look-up tables are required for the area and sector detection, and also for vector selection. The performance of the proposed control technique has been verified by simulations.     

具有改进最大功率跟踪算法的光伏并网控制系统及其实现

光伏并网控制系统输送到电网的功率随着光照强度、环境温度以及光伏阵列输出电压的不同而变化,控制光伏阵列的工作点使其连续稳定地向电网输出最大功率非常必要。该文提出了基于同步旋转坐标变换实现光伏阵列最大功率跟踪与电流控制的电压源型逆变器相结合的三相光伏并网控制系统,该系统主要包括光伏阵列、直流母排电容、电压源型逆变器、滤波电感、数字信号控制器与电网。提出的改进最大功率跟踪方法,根据光伏阵列dP/dU-U的特性曲线,利用Newton-Raphson方法快速计算光伏阵列输出功率对电压的微分值,由此进一步形成光伏阵列工作在最大功率点的参考电压值。整个控制系统为双环控制,外环为电压控制环,利用一个PI调节器使光伏阵列输出电压工作在最大功率工作点;内环为电流控制环,利用2个PI调节器分别对d-q轴电流进行解耦控制,使逆变器输出电流与参考电流一致。根据所提出的控制算法,研制了一台三相光伏并网系统原理性样机,仿真与实验结果一致,系统具有良好的动稳态性能,说明了所提出的控制方案是非常有效的。     

光伏并网逆变器模型预测电流控制研究

在αβ两相静止坐标下建立逆变器输出电流的预测模型,通过评估函数对逆变器输出的不同电压矢量进行最优选择,预测函数计算出下一时刻可能的输出值。当评估函数取值最小时,对应的电压矢量为最优,采用此时的开关状态对逆变器进行控制,实现并网电流快速跟踪参考电流。该控制方法无需脉冲宽度调制信号,通过单次坐标变换,避免了复杂的运算过程,降低了控制偏差。仿真结果表明当参考电流动态变化时,模型预测电流控制能快速跟踪参考电流变化。当光伏电池的光照强度变化时,模型预测电流控制能快速追踪光伏电池最大输出功率点,且逆变器输出电流谐波畸变低。通过对比传统空间矢量脉宽调制控制下的输出波形,验证了模型预测电流控制策略的有效性。     

基于SHEPWM的三电平NPC逆变器中点电位平衡控制算法

以三电平中性点钳位型(NPC)逆变器为对象,提出基于特定次谐波消除脉宽调制(SHEPWM)的中点电位平衡控制算法。首先介绍空间矢量脉宽调制中点电位平衡原理与SHEPWM开关角求解模型,然后分析三相SHEPWM波形在不同调制度下对应的开关矢量序列和作用角度,基于此设计了三种冗余矢量调整方案,最后通过检测负载电流与中点电位,由中点电位滞环控制器和控制逻辑组合作用,直接对三相脉宽调制信号进行在线调整,实现中点电位平衡。实验结果表明:不同的矢量调整方案具有不同的中点电位平衡速度、平均开关频率等,但均不影响线电压的谐波消除能力;采用中点电位三级滞环控制器可兼顾中点电位平衡、波形对称、共模电压幅值,且不增加器件开关次数。     

A variable band universal flux/charge modulator for VSI and CSImodulation

This paper presents an integrated approach for closed-loop control of the output voltage of a voltage-source inverter and the output current of a current-source inverter, using hysteresis with a rectangular bounding box in the synchronous d-q reference frame and a simple set of switching rules. The modulator is constrained to only select from the two nearest active space vectors to the target reference, and hence achieves a significantly improved harmonic performance compared to Sigma-Delta and other stationary frame hysteresis modulators. A further refinement then adjusts the dimensions of the bounding box to restrict the switching process to two active space vectors (and null vectors) only within a constant switching period. This achieves a harmonic performance similar to open-loop space-vector modulation. Discontinuous modulation can also be implemented using an alternative dimension-varying strategy and, since the modulator is a closed-loop system, it exhibits excellent robustness to parameter variations and other system disturbances. The practicability and performance of the modulator under various modulation conditions have been verified both in simulation and experimentally     

三电平NPC整流器空间矢量脉宽调制及中点电位平衡控制

为了减少开关损耗和避免不同区域矢量在扇区切换中发生突变,提出了一种最优的空间矢量脉宽调制算法,即所有输出矢量的首发矢量全部采用负小矢量。具体给出了参考电压矢量在矢量空间中具体位置的判定、相应的输出电压矢量作用顺序,推导了三角形顶点各开关矢量的作用时间以及脉冲的输出。基于检测到的三相输出电流、中点电流方向和直流侧电容电压,提出了利用冗余电压小矢量精确控制中点电位平衡的策略,并用实验结果验证了中点控制策略和调制算法的正确性。     

基于电荷补偿的三电平NPC逆变器中性点平衡策略

三电平NPC逆变器的开关器件由于耐压水平低、电网侧并网电压谐波含量少等优点,广泛应用于大功率整流场合。中性点电压平衡问题一直是该拓扑的研究关键。通过对每一个开关阶段直流侧两电容充放电的电荷波动数值检测,再通过公式变换,对传统空间矢量脉宽调制(SVPWM)的正负小矢量分次运行时间进行调整,使平衡点上下两电容充放电时间能够保持一致,达到中性点平衡控制的目的。仿真验证表明,该方法能够抑制中性点电压的波动。     

Discrete space vector modulation and optimized switching sequence model predictive control for three-level voltage source inverters

This paper proposes a discrete space vector modulation and optimized switching sequence model predictive controller for three-level neutral-point-clamped inverters in grid-connected applications. The proposed strategy is based on cascaded model predictive control (MPC) for controlling the grid current while maintaining the capacitor voltage balanced without weighting factor. To enhance the closed-loop performance, the external MPC evaluates 19 basic and 138 virtual vectors (VV) of the proposed space vector method. The optimal control voltage is then selected using an extended deadbeat method to reduce the execution time of the proposed control algorithm. By using the discrete space vector modulation principle, the VV are synthesized based on switching sequence (SS) and are divided into negative and positive SSs considering their impact on the neutral point (NP) potential. The inner MPC evaluates both types of SSs and selects the one that keeps the capacitor voltage balanced. Various controllers are evaluated and compared against the proposed control strategy. The results show that the proposed strategy improves performance without weighting factor, while maintaining a total harmonic distortion of current to be less than 2%. Compared to the modulated MPC which provides the same fxed switching frequency, the proposed controller reduces the computational burden by over 50% while also providing better NP voltage balance accuracy     

一种提高矩阵变换器电压增益的空间矢量调制法

与传统的电压源型逆变器相比,矩阵变换器主要的缺点之一是在输入及输出电流为正弦时,输出输入电压传输比限制在0.866。为克服此缺点,在传统的矩阵变换器空间矢量调制方法的基础上,提出了一种提高电压增益的调制策略,进行了详细说明,概念清楚、控制简单,不需要复杂的数学计算。此调制策略没有使用零矢量,较传统方法换流数量减少,输出输入电压传输比提高到0.95以上,但输出电压及输入电流波形出现了一定程度的畸变。通过仿真证实了理论分析,也显示了此调制策略的优缺点。     

电流型变流器在电网电压不平衡时的控制

提出一种电网电压不对称情况下抑制三相脉宽调制(PWM)电流型变流器(CSC)直流输出电流二次谐波、减少网侧电流低次谐波的控制方法.该方法对传统的预测控制进行改进并应用到电网不平衡的三相CSC系统中,获得了良好的控制性能.应用电流空间矢量调制技术,使器件的利用率得到提高.所提出的方法无需电流传感器检测网侧电流,降低了实现成本.实验结果证明所提出的方法是正确、可行的.     

有源滤波器在d,q坐标系下的PI-模糊谐振控制

有源电力滤波器(APF)被认为将代替传统LC无源滤波器,用来治理线路上非线性负载及开关器件产生的谐波和无功电流.APF为消除谐波,逆变器必须根据指令输出补偿电流,而谐波电流随时间快速振荡变化,因此电流控制器对谐波电流的跟踪能力决定了APF的性能高低.在此分析了并联型APF的电流控制数学模型,针对并联型APF提出一种简单...     

基于SVPWM补偿优化的三电平NPC并网逆变器容错控制

为保证并网系统中三电平中点箝位（neutral point clamped,NPC）型并网逆变器单相桥臂短路或断路故障后持续运行,提出一种基于空间矢量脉宽调制（space vector pulse width modulation,SVPWM）的优化补偿型低共模电压容错控制策略。首先,通过分析故障后八开关三相逆变器（eight switch three phase inverters,ESTPI）拓扑开关状态对应的共模电压大小,确定参考电压矢量合成规则;然后通过一个基波周期内中点电流情况分析中点电位波动机理,进而对空间矢量合成进行调节补偿,并设计低通滤波器和滞环控制器进一步对补偿进行优化调整,保证并网电流质量的同时有效抑制了直流母线中点电位偏移。仿真结果表明,该容错控制策略能够实现三电平NPC并网逆变器单相桥臂故障后并网系统的稳定可靠运行,每个基波周期有三分之一时间的共模电压得到改善,优化补偿后的并网电流质量显著提高,且在并网电流突变时具备良好的控制特性。     

A solid-state high-performance reactive-power compensator

A high-performance reactive-power compensator is presented and analyzed. The VAR compensator consists of a three-phase current-regulated pulse width modulated voltage-source inverter connected to a self-controlled DC bus. Reactive-power compensation is achieved by forcing the inverter output current to follow a reactive sinusoidal reference waveform at a constant switching frequency. The main advantages of this scheme are that it reduces the stresses on the switching devices (as compared with other current regulated techniques), and it has a fast response time, which allows almost instantaneous reactive current control, and low harmonic distortion in the line currents. In particular, the authors discuss the proposed scheme in terms of principles of operation, power and control system design, and the analysis under transient operating conditions. Simulated results obtained with the Spice simulating package for steady-state and transient operating conditions are presented and validated on an experimental unit     

Space vector PWM for a two-phase VSI

This paper proposes space vector pulse width modulation (SVPWM) technique to control a two-phase full bridge voltage source inverter (VSI) having reduced number of static switches with higher phase voltage output. SVPWM gives higher fundamental component amplitude, provides more efficient use of DC supply voltage and generates less harmonic distortion in the output voltages and currents than other pulse width modulation (PWM) techniques. Between asymmetric and symmetric SVPWM only symmetric one is considered so that the harmonic contents are minimized and two different timing sequences and corresponding switching states are proposed. For the implementation three level switching patterns are determined by using software. For real time application these theoretically determined switching signals for the six power transistors are generated by a digital signal processor (DSP) kit and finally the two-phase output voltages are applied to load. The experimental results are found good and in agreement with the theoretical results. Mathematical analysis along with theoretical and experimental performance of the proposed inverter are presented. Total harmonic distortion (THD) and distortion factor (DF) show that the output voltage quality is good enough to apply in any type of practical two-phase load.     

Neutral point voltage balancing of five-level inverter fed by twelve-pulse rectifier

The paper presents 5-level, neutral point clamped, H-bridge inverter fed by 12-pulse rectifier. Two configurations of rectifier and inverter neutral point connection are studied: the first configuration with disconnected neutral points and the second configuration with connected neutral points. Furthermore, novel neutral point voltage balancing methods suitable for the presented configurations are proposed. Extensive simulation results of the proposed configurations with the neutral point voltage balancing methods are presented. The simulation results deal with aspects such as total harmonic distortion (THD) Factor of the inverter output currents, and voltages, grid current, harmonic content, frequency spectrum distribution. The results confirm the effectiveness of the proposed methods. The voltage balancing methods are compared and their advantages and disadvantages are explained.