密度对压装B炸药燃烧转爆轰性能的影响

以常规武器中常用的B炸药为研究对象,采用电探针及压力传感器测量技术,在相同的实验条件下分别对3种不同密度固体压装B炸药（m（TNT）;m（RDX）=40：60）的燃烧转爆轰性能进行了实验研究。B炸药的密度范围为1．597～1．681g／cm^3。实验结果表明,在相同的约束条件下,炸药密度对其燃烧转爆轰（DDT）性能有较大影响。不同密度炸药的DDT性能不同。较低密度的炸药更容易发生DDT现象,固体压装B炸药存在一个燃烧转爆轰的临界密度值。在较强的约束条件下（45号钢管,内径20mm,外径64mm,长500mm）,密度为1．597g／cm^3的B炸药发生了DDT现象,诱导爆轰距离为295～310mm。     

JOB-9003炸药燃烧转爆轰现象研究

HMX颗粒炸药和JOB－9003炸药进行了燃烧转爆轰（DDT）实验，研究了炸药组分，装药密度以及约束条件对DDT过程的影响，分析了炸药DDT的机理，实验结果表明炸药DDT过程和炸药组分以及装药状态有很大关系。HMX颗粒炸药容量发生DDT现象，而以HMX为主要成分的JOHB－9003压装装药不容易发生DDT现象。     

发射药燃烧转爆轰的试验研究

为研究发射药燃烧转爆轰特性及其影响因素,采用联合国危险分级试验中燃烧转爆轰试验方法对单、双、三基以及不同药型的发射药进行燃烧转爆轰试验。结果表明,在管厚4mm弱约束条件下,只有三基小粒发射药发生爆轰,在管厚9mm强约束条件下,6/7双基药、6/7叠氮发射药、6/7三基药以及三基小粒药发生爆轰。发射药配方中添加硝化甘油(NG)、叠氮硝胺(DA)和黑索金(RDX)以及减小药型尺寸,可增强发射药的燃烧转爆轰能力,同时,提高壳体约束强度更易发生燃烧转爆轰。     

几种典型固体推进剂的燃烧转爆轰实验研究

为探索影响固体推进剂发生燃烧转爆轰的因素,对4种典型固体推进剂样品进行了实验研究。通过选用不同壁厚的样品管及改变样品的装填形式,实现了燃烧转爆轰。利用电离探针对试样稳定爆轰时的爆速进行了测试。结果表明,含RDX、NG高敏感度含能材料的颗粒状CMDB推进剂及药柱内部含有大量气孔的NEPE推进剂发生燃烧转爆轰。推进剂的配方、装药形式、外界约束条件是影响推进剂发生燃烧转爆轰的主要因素。证明了推进剂在特定条件下可以发生燃烧转爆轰。     

炸药由燃烧转爆轰

一、研究炸药由燃烧转爆轰的意义1. 燃烧转爆轰的难易可作为划分起爆药和猛炸药的判据之一炸药由燃烧可以转变为爆轰,不管是起爆药还是猛炸药,这种性质是它们的共性。一般讲,起爆药可以在不加限制的装药条件下由点火燃烧转变为爆轰,并且从不会熄灭;但猛炸药一般必须由冲击波引起它的爆轰,在装药尺寸不是非常大的情况,由点火燃烧转变为爆轰必须在强的限制条件下才有可能。另外,起爆药由燃烧转变为爆轰非常迅速,如叠氮化铅,由点火到爆轰的时间仅为1. 2±0. 5μs,药柱燃烧的长度小于2mm;而猛炸药则需要长得多的时间和药柱燃烧长度,如 D.price 等对73. 4%TMD(最大理论密度)的 TNT,测得其燃烧转爆轰所需的时间为180μs 左右,药柱燃烧长度为147±5mm(TNT 装药和点火药之间加了     

GI-920炸药加速老化模拟

为了解老化对GI-920炸药爆轰性能的影响,分析了GI-920炸药加速老化的机理和效应,根据推导的热分解动力学方程计算了GI-920炸药在70 ℃和75 ℃加速老化至不同反应深度时的密度、组成和生成热,进而通过VLWR爆轰程序计算GI-920炸药加速老化后的爆轰参数.结果表明,经过加速老化后,GI-920炸药的密度、爆速和爆压均有所降低.     

含铝炸药圆筒试验及爆轰产物JWL状态方程研究

为分析含铝炸药在强约束条件下的爆轰性能,对含铝炸药进行了50mm圆筒试验。使用了电探讨测量炸药爆速,用高速相机记录圆筒膨胀过程,使要用了计算机图像技术对高速摄影照片进行分析处理,通过对圆筒试验二维爆轰数值模拟,标定了含铝炸药爆轰产物JWL状态方程参数。     

VLW爆轰产物状态方程的发展及应用

以国际公认理论完美的维里(VIRIAL)状态方程为基础,建立了VLW炸药爆轰产物状态方程,简述了VLW炸药爆轰产物状态方程的形成背景,呈现了VLW方程的推导过程;应用VLW方程计算了军用高能炸药、民用工业炸药、凝聚相炸药、气相燃料空气炸药的爆轰性能参数,以及火箭推进燃烧性能参数,推导了爆轰产物的热力学函数(内能、熵、化学位等)。结果表明,应用VLW方程计算的参数结果准确合理;成功解决了高温下(T*>20)高级维里系数计算难题,准确表达了爆轰条件下的维里方程属性。     

约束对DNAN基熔铸炸药点火反应特性的影响

为了探究约束对2,4-二硝基苯甲醚(DNAN)基熔铸炸药点火反应特性的影响，设计了不同壁厚条件下单端点火试验和相同壁厚的爆轰试验；基于爆炸相似理论，通过对比爆轰试验与点火试验产生的冲击波超压，估算了炸药在点火试验中产生的等效反应药量。结果表明，DNAN基熔铸炸药在一般约束条件下(壁厚小于10mm),经黑火药引燃后仅发生燃烧反应；在强约束条件下(壁厚20、30、40及50mm)反应更为剧烈，但未发生典型的燃烧转爆轰过程，反应烈度为爆燃或爆炸级。DNAN基熔铸炸药发生反应的等效反应药量随着管体壁厚增大，爆炸百分比从23.9%依次增加至34.8%、77.3%及78.7%。可知在一定范围内增强约束条件，炸药燃烧进程会随之加快，反应更为剧烈，但当约束条件足够强时，这种促进作用将不再明显。     

炸药由燃烧转爆轰

一、研究炸药由燃烧转爆轰的意义1.燃烧转爆轰的难易可作为划分起爆药和猛炸药的判据之一炸药由燃烧可以转变为爆轰,不管是起爆药还是猛炸药,这种性质是它们的共性。一般讲,起爆药可以在不加限制的装药条件下由点火燃烧转变为爆轰,并且从不会熄灭;但猛炸药一般必须由冲击波引起它的爆轰,在装药尺寸不是非常大的情况,由点火燃烧转变为爆轰必须在强的限制条件下才有可能。另外,起爆药由燃烧转变为爆轰非常迅速,如叠氮化铅,     

压装PBX炸药DDT管实验初始反应演化过程分析

在DDT管中采用惰性模拟材料研究电点火头和黑火药产生的初始压力对惰性模拟材料点火端面的影响;采用高速摄像机记录了DDT管内HMX基压装PBX炸药的燃烧发光过程;分析了压装PBX炸药DDT管实验初始反应演化过程。结果表明,电点火头和黑火药产生的初始压力会引起邻近脆性炸药端面裂纹形成和局部破坏,炸药燃烧的火焰沿炸药基体裂纹和炸药与管壁之间的缝隙中传播,压装PBX炸药初始反应演化与缝隙对流燃烧过程密切相关。     

Deflagration to detonation Transition Behavior of Aluminized HMX

The effect of fine (5 μm) and coarse (95 μm) aluminum on the deflagration-to-detonation transition (DDT) behavior of HMX, in charges pressed to 90% theoretical maximum density (TMD), was studied. It was found that Al slows down the DDT process increasingly as the content of Al increases; that is, it increases predetonation column length and the relative times to detonation. Fine Al is more effective than coarse in delaying DDT, at a given content, but both are inferior to wax in this respect.     

Possibilities for the Detonation of Porous,Fine-Grained Smokeless powders

This article describes a potential cause of detonation in fine-grained smokeless powders during the production of propelling charges for hunting (lead shot) ammunition, the tests performed in order to deter-mine this cause, the general possibilities for the deflagration-to-detonation transition (DDT) in smokeless nitrocellulose powders, and finally a practical method for determining the predetonation zone with the deflagration of condensed explosives.     

Application of propane-butane in detonation deposition facilities

Extensive data on the length of the deflagration-to-detonation transition (DDT) are obtained for a wide range of explosive gas mixtures of acetylene, propane-butane, and methane with oxygen in tubes with constant and constricting cross sections. For the fuel-oxygen mixtures examined, it is found that the DDT length can be reduced to one tube diameter by using a volume system of obstacles with the size and distance between the obstacles being commensurable with the cell size of multifront detonation in these mixtures. The optimal mixture for deposition is found to be an explosive propane-butane mixture with oxygen in which the fraction of propane-butane is ≈25%.     

Effect of Temperature,Density and Confinement on Deflagration to Detonation Transition of an HMX‐Based Explosive

In order to obtain the characteristics of the deflagration‐to‐detonation transition (DDT) of PBX‐2 (an HMX‐based explosive) under different conditions, DDT tests were carried out as a function of charge density, temperature, and shell confinement. In these tests, the energetic materials were electrically ignited. The DDT response characteristics for PBX‐2 with 53 % and 99 % of theoretical maximum density (TMD) were evaluated by different shell thickness confinements at ambient temperature and at 85 °C. The test results with different densities, confinements and temperatures exhibited a wide range of reaction violence. Firstly, at both ambient temperature and at 85 °C under 10 and 20 mm shell thickness confinement, PBX‐2 did not undergo fully DDT at 99 % TMD, only a low velocity detonation (LVD) occurred. Secondly, PBX‐2 at 53 % TMD underwent DDT, and significant influence on the minimum run distance to detonation by the shell confinement thickness was observed. Strong confinement is favorable for the transition of DDT but the confinement does not influence reaction degree. Thirdly, the reaction degree of PBX‐2 at 85 °C was remarkably lower than that at ambient temperature. This insensitizing effect of temperature is induced by the melting and flowing of bonders which reduces the porosity and inhibits an important step of DDT, namely, high turbulent combustion.     

Effect of initial particle size on the DDT of pressed solid explosives

The effect of the initial particle size on the deflagration to detonation transition (DDT) of pressed, confined explosives has been studied. The explosives examined were ground tetryl, RDX, picric acid, waxed RDX, and waxed HMX. The ground tetryl was studied over the range of 61%−90% theoretical maximum density (TMD); most of the rest of the comparisons were made at 70% TMD. It was found that the initial particle size (or particle size distribution) δ affected the predetonation column length ℓ, the relative time to detonation, and even the apparent mechanism of DDT. Available data in the literature in conjunction with the present results indicate that the curves ℓ versus %TMD at constant δ , and ℓ versus δ at constant %TMD both exhibit a minimum.     

含ACP改性双基推进剂的燃烧转爆轰实验研究

为研究快燃物ACP对改性双基推进剂燃烧转爆轰性能的影响,利用DDT管建立相应的测试系统,对推进剂在多孔装药条件下的燃烧转爆轰过程进行了实验研究.实验中采用电离探针和压电式压力传感器记录了燃烧与爆轰波阵面的位置一时间关系和压力波形图,利用实验结果计算并比较了波阵面的传播速度、爆轰形成点的位置以及药床不同位置的压力值.结果表明,快燃物ACP能够增大改性双基推进剂转爆轰的倾向,当ACP的质量分数从5%增加到7%时,装药燃烧转爆轰的倾向增大比较明显.