一个面向对象的交互式图形工具箱OOIGT

在开发交互式图形应用过程中，一个主要难题是如何表示和建立代表应用模型数据及操作的图形对象并提供直接操作的交互方式，另一个难题是如何有效地表示和管理图形对象之间的关系。ＯＯＩＧＴ是作者设计和实现的一个交互式图形建造工具箱，其目的是为解决上述个有效的解，ＯＯＩＧＴ提供了一相可扩充，用于表示应用模型并集成了事件模型的图形对象集，使应用不人需定义对象，而毋须了解如何作图，且容易处理在这些对象上的交互式直     

Semantic feedback in the Higgens UIMS

Almost all applications using interactive graphics contain important structures and concepts which are deeper than the geometres used to display them to the user. One of the major tasks of the system implementer is to cause the user interface to reflect this deeper structure accurately so that it may be directly manipulated by the user. The authors describe a tool, the Higgens user interface management system (UIMS), which can automate much of this task for a wide class of systems using interactive graphics. It is able to generate graphical user interfaces automatically from a high-level interface specification. These specifications are primarily nonprocedural in nature. They describe how graphical images can be automatically derived and updated based on applications entities, and how graphical inputs can be translated back into terms which are appropriate to the application     

基于采矿CAD的硐室参数绘图系统设计及实现

CAD系统因其本身具有许多长处,得到了工程设计人员的广泛使用。但它只能处理图形的几何信息,真正具有工程实际意义的图形拓扑信息和参数约束信息均被抛弃了。为了保留更多的图形信息以及让工程设计人员更方便地进行硐室图形的绘制,文中根据采矿CAD图形的特点,把要绘制的硐室图形进行参数化分析,并通过编程调用采矿CAD的接口实现了硐室图形的自动绘制系统。此系统能根据用户输入的参数自动生成硐室的二维和三维图形,这大大减少了设计人员的工作量,提高了设计效率,也有利于计算机辅助设计的进一步发展。     

A Unified, Object-Oriented Graphics System and Software Architecture for Visualising CAD/CAM Presentations

Most object-oriented graphics systems (OOGS) either support general purpose graphics capabilities (drawing editors, ray tracing, etc.), or have targeted specific areas of computer graphics, for example, interface building, animation, and visualisation. However, the key concept in CAD/CAM graphics systems is that of presentations—pictures that convey information about products or parts of products. CAD/CAM graphics systems that create and manipulate presentations have specific graphical requirements that have not been addressed by existing OOGS. These requirements include the support of CAD/CAM concepts such as drawings, views and view-specific graphics, and layers, and the ability to allow external geometric modelers to be linked into the presentation. We describe an object-oriented presentation architecture that allows the application to describe the structure of the CAD/CAM presentation. This architecture provides a unified interface to drawings, views, layers and entities, and allows linkage to models created with an external geometric modeler, while isolating applications from details of the underlying traditional graphics rendering systems. It is our hope that this architecture provide the foundation for the architecture of next generation OOGS. We also present an implementation of this architecture and compare it to other OOGS.     

Customizing Graphics for Tiny Displays of Mobile Devices

Advances in mobile devices and wireless telecommunication infrastructure already provide mobile users with access to online information sources and services. Compared to the PC world, however, mobile access is still quite restricted, especially with regard to the display of graphical representations, such as images, drawings, diagrams, maps and logos. Since graphical representations are increasingly used in the World Wide Web for the purpose of information presentation, the adaptation of graphics for tiny displays is a challenge that should not be neglected. The current contribution discusses several transformation approaches which might be employed to accomplish this adaptation task.     

An interactive data visualization system

GRAFANA is an interactive program, which allows the user to produce drawings based on data stored on a disk file. The major advantage and originality of the system is that the user can interactively determine the visual effect of a drawing and immediately see it on the screen. Moreover, any drawing produced by GRAFANA can still be edited by a generalpurpose graphics editor. This system allows the user to obtain precisely the right drawing for any book, paper or report. GRAFANA has been implemented in MIRA-2D, a graphical Pascal extension. It is available for different machines and kinds of graphical devices.     

The Graphic-Linguistic Distinction Exploring Alternatives

What properties, if any, distinguish graphical representations from linguistic representations? This paper looks for answers in the literature of philosophy, logic, artificial intelligence, and cognitive psychology, and extracts seven alternative binary classifications of representations that may characterize the graphic-linguistic boundary. We assess each alternative by two standards: (a) whether it extensionally fits the graphic-linguistic distinction, and (b) how far it explains the properties commonly attributed to graphic representations but not to linguistic ones.     

The Graphic-Linguistic Distinction Exploring Alternatives

What properties, if any, distinguish graphical representations fromlinguistic representations? This paper looks for answers in the literatureof philosophy, logic, artificial intelligence, and cognitive psychology, andextracts seven alternative binary classifications of representations thatmay characterize the graphic-linguistic boundary. We assess eachalternative by two standards: (a) whether it extensionally fits the graphic-linguistic distinction, and (b) how far it explains the properties commonly attributed to graphic representations but not to linguistic ones.     

Some unusual primitives in the mira graphical extension of PASCAL

The MIRA system is a very general graphics system which may be useful for almost anyone interested in the production of drawings. The system allows the user to create, save, retrieve, modify and delete any kind of drawing: e.g. free-hand drawings, drawings based on geometrical primitives, algorithmic drawings, data plots, texts. Two-dimensional and three-dimensional drawings can be manipulated. The MIRA system is based on two graphical PASCAL extensions MIRA-2D and MIRA-3D. Two interactive graphical editors GRAFEDIT (two dimensions) and HORIZON (three dimensions) allow the non-specialist user to build complex drawings easily.After an overview of the MIRA system, we present the most unusual primitives, which have been developed for use with this system. These primitives can be divided into different classes: graphical types, figure algebra primitives, figure measure functions, figure recognition predicates, image transformations and animation primitives.     

Windowing the solution space of an optimization problem

This paper introduces a graphical approach to solving optimal design problems. The technique generates graphical representations of a multi-dimensional solution space, so that the designer can identify the most appropriate solution to the problem by visual inspection of these representations. This is done via interactive computer graphics.An example is presented to show the effectiveness of the technique. Implementation requirements are outlined and discussed. In addition, the suitability of the technique to the design environment is discussed. Advantages and disadvantages are explained.     

GDDT—A graphical design and documentation tool for software development

This paper describes “The Graphical Design and Documentation Tool” (GDDT), a general purpose support system for design and documentation. Self documentation and ease of use are presented as important criteria for such tools. Interactive graphics is introduced as a methodology for creating and maintaining hierarchical representations. The graphical representations of various requirements specification techniques and design tools are supported by an extended network model which supports hierarchical decomposition of structures. GDDT is proposed as a general purpose design tool which supports the most common logical constructions of both requirements specification and design methodologies and yet has a high level human interface which makes it easy to learn and use.     

具有图形化界面的车载DVD影音系统设计

介绍了一种新型的具有图形化界面的车载DVD影音系统,给出了DVD影音系统的主机模块和显示屏模块的设计方案,并介绍了基于YGV629的DVD视频画面和图形化界面的叠加原理,最后给出了系统的软件实现方法。该设计方案实现的车载影音系统操作界面友好、灵活性强,只需修改相应的图形库,即可应用于需要视频图形叠加的其他领域。     

Polaris: a system for query, analysis, and visualization ofmultidimensional relational databases

In the last several years, large multidimensional databases have become common in a variety of applications, such as data warehousing and scientific computing. Analysis and exploration tasks place significant demands on the interfaces to these databases. Because of the size of the data sets, dense graphical representations are more effective for exploration than spreadsheets and charts. Furthermore, because of the exploratory nature of the analysis, it must be possible for the analysts to change visualizations rapidly as they pursue a cycle involving first hypothesis and then experimentation. In this paper, we present Polaris, an interface for exploring large multidimensional databases that extends the well-known pivot table interface. The novel features of Polaris include an interface for constructing visual specifications of table-based graphical displays and the ability to generate a precise set of relational queries from the visual specifications. The visual specifications can be rapidly and incrementally developed, giving the analyst visual feedback as he constructs complex queries and visualizations     

Graphics by a Logic Database Management System

The GEDBLOG system allows applications which manipulate graphic objects to be developed following a declarative definitional style. GEDBLOG supports the consistent design and prototyping of graphic applications through an incremental development and makes it possible to guarantee automatically that the application meets its specifications. Typical GEDBLOG applications have graphics as their characterizing element and can be found, for example, in the CAD/CAM, visual languages or graphical interface areas. The system is obtained by integrating a graphical data language in an existing logic database management system, EDBLOG, so that graphic and non-graphic information is handled in a uniform declarative way.     

分割图形粘连字符的图元屏蔽技术研究

在工程图纸计算机处理过程中,分割字符与图形是非常重要的步骤,但字符与图形粘连的问题很难处理。本文在分析了几种字符与图形分割技术的原理和实现方法的基础上,提出一种分割与图形粘连字符的方法——图元屏蔽技术。试验结果表明,这种方法对于分割与正交方向线段粘连的字符十分有效,特别适用于处理字符串中全部与图形粘连或多个粘连的现象。     

基于VBA的AutoCAD与Excel之间的数据通信

基于VBA宏控制语言,利用AutoCAD ActiveX对象接口技术编写相应的程序,可将Excel格式的数据或文本字符直接导入到AutoCAD中,自动生成相应的图形,可实现自动绘图的功能。同时,通过编程从AutoCAD图形中提取坐标值和距离等参数,并导入到指定的Excel中,从而实现了Excel与AutoCAD间的数据通信。根据介绍的设计思路,可以编程添加新的绘图和计算功能,对AutoCAD和Excel的二次开发具有一定的借鉴意义。     

HAGI, a High-level Application/Graphics Interface

HAGI is an object-oriented graphics system developed on top of the X window system. In addition to providing facilities that structured graphics systems such as GKS usually have, HAGI supports a high- level graphics paradigm with the following features:

• + In addition to graphical objects, the system provides a class of application objects with a higher level of abstraction than graphical objects.
• + Graphics manipulation operations can be issued simplyfrom application objects without explicitly referring to specific graphical objects. Thus graphics manipulation appears to be transparent to application programmers.
• + Graphical objects are designed to encompass more semantics, thus are at a level close to the application. For example, they useflexible visual objects to determine their visual appearance.

HAGI provides such a high-level application/graphics interface by maintaining a dependency relationship between graphical objects and application objects.     

An interactive example-driven approach to graphics recognition in engineering drawings

An interactive example-driven approach to graphics recognition in engineering drawings is proposed. The scenario is that the user first interactively provides an example of a graphic object; the system instantly learns its graphical knowledge and uses the acquired knowledge to recognize the same type of graphic objects. The proposed approach represents the graphical knowledge of an object in terms of its structural components and their syntactical relationships. We summarize four types of geometric constraints for knowledge representation, based on which we develop an algorithm for knowledge acquisition. Another algorithm for graphics recognition using the acquired graphical knowledge is also proposed, which is actually a sequential examination of these constraints. In the algorithm, we first guess the next component’s attributes (e.g., size, position and orientation) by reasoning from an earlier found component and the constraint between them, and then search for this hypothetical component in the drawing. If all of the hypothetical components are found, a graphic object of this type is recognized. For improving the system’s recognition accuracy, we develop a user feedback scheme, which can update the graphical knowledge from both positive (missing) and negative (mis-recognized) examples provided by the user for subsequent recognition. Experiments have shown that our proposed approach is both efficient and effective for recognizing various types of graphic objects in engineering drawings. This paper is an extension of our papers published in ICDAR2003 and GREC2003.