SEBS和SEBS-g-MAH对PPO/PA66合金性能影响的研究

在双螺杆挤出机上采用共混挤出的方法制备了苯乙烯-乙烯-丁二烯-苯乙烯嵌段共聚物(SEBS)和马来酸酐接枝苯乙烯-乙烯-丁二烯-苯乙烯嵌段共聚物(SEBS-g-MAH)增韧的聚苯醚(PPO)/聚酰胺66(PA66)合金。通过力学性能测试、扫描电子显微镜观察和吸水性实验,研究了SEBS和SEBS-g-MAH及其含量对PPO/PA66合金性能的影响。结果表明,SEBS-g-MAH增韧PPO/PA66合金体系的力学性能较好,吸水率较小。     

PA1111/SEBS-g-MAH共混体系的力学性能与微观结构形态研究

以马来酸酐接枝(苯乙烯/乙烯/丁烯/苯乙烯)共聚物(SEBS-g-MAH)为增韧剂制备出了一系列超韧尼龙(PA)1111/SEBS-g-MAH共混体系,并对其力学性能和微观结构进行了研究.结果表明,随着增韧剂含量的增加,共混体系的缺口冲击强度显著提高,当增韧剂质量分数为25%时,缺口冲击强度为39.4 kJ/m<'2>,是纯PA1111的11.3倍.微观结构研究表明,PA1111的断裂属于韧性断裂,PA1111/sEBs-g-MAH共混体系的缺口冲击断面有明显的应力发白现象,冲击强度提高的主要原因在于应力集中点的增多而引发大量银纹所致.     

相容剂SEBS-g-MAH对回收HIPS、ABS的共混物流变性能的影响

以苯乙烯-乙烯-丁烯-苯乙烯嵌段共聚物接枝马来酸酐(SEBS-g-MAH)为相容剂制备了回收高冲击强度聚苯乙烯(HIPS)和丙烯腈-丁二烯-苯乙烯共聚物(ABS)的共混物。利用熔体质量流动速率试验机和毛细管流变仪分析研究了该HIPS/ABS/SEBS-g-MAH共混物的流变行为。结果表明:在测试温度、应力条件下,该HIPS/ABS/SEBS-g-MAH共混物均为假塑性流体;随着相容剂SEBS-g-MAH用量的增加,共混物的非牛顿指数和黏流活化能均先增大后减小,且在相容剂SEBS-g-MAH用量为15 phr时达到最大值。     

PA6/PP/SEBS-g-MAH共混物的相容性研究

采用马来酸酐接枝(氢化苯乙烯/丁二烯/苯乙烯)共聚物(SEBS-g-MAH)作为增容剂,研究了增容剂用量对尼龙6/聚丙烯(PA6/PP)共混体系相态结构、力学性能的影响,以及在相同增容剂用量下不同PA6、PP配比对体系相形态的影响。结果表明,SEBS-g-MAH中的酸酐基团能与PA6末端的氨基发生化学反应,在PA6和PP的内表面形成PA6-SEBS接枝共聚物,明显改善了两相的界面相容性,并使共混物的力学性能得到显著提高。共混物冲击断面形貌的分析表明,共混物发生了明显的脆韧转变。     

SEBS—g-MAH增韧聚苯硫醚性能研究

采用熔融挤出法制备了聚苯硫醚(PPS)与马来酸酐接枝苯乙烯-乙烯-丁二烯-苯乙烯嵌段共聚弹性体(SEBS-g-MAH)的共混物,并考察了共混物的热行为、力学性能、相形态及增韧机理.结果表明,两组分的玻璃化温度有相互靠近的趋势,显示PPS和SEBS-g-MAH部分相容;随着SEBS-g-MAH用量增加,共混物的韧性得到很好的提高,当SEBS-g-MAH的质量分数为30%时,其冲击强度达到7.5 kJ/m2.PPS/SEBS-g-MAH/Kevlar纤维共混体系中,SEBS-g-MAH既可以作为增韧剂,又可以作为两相相容剂来提高PPS基体和Kevlar纤维的界面黏结能力,使共混物达到增强增韧的效果.     

PA6/SEBS-g-MAH/OMMT/GMA共混物的制备和性能研究

以马来酸酐(MAH)接枝苯乙烯-(乙烯-丁烯)-苯乙烯共聚物SEBS(SEBS-g-MAH)为增韧剂,有机蒙脱土(OMMT)为增强填料,甲基丙烯酸缩水甘油酯(GMA)为相容剂,采用熔融挤出方法制备了PA6/SEBS-gMAH/OMMT复合材料.通过力学、毛细管流变性能测试,考察了SEBS-g-MAH、OMMT和GMA对共混物的力学性能及流变性能的影响.结果表明,共混材料能在保持基本强度及模量稳定的情况下提高冲击强度,获得良好的综合力学性能.PA6及其共混物均为假塑性流体,在230～260℃共混材料的非牛顿指数为0.603～0.931,表观黏度随着剪切应力的增加而降低;加入SEBS-g-MAH、OMMT和/或GMA使得PA6的表观黏度增大,黏流活化能降低;在恒定剪切应力下PA6共混物可在较宽的温度范围内成型加工.     

SEBS-g-MAH对PPS性能的影响

通过熔融共混的方法制备了不同配比的聚苯硫醚(PPS)/马来酸酐接枝苯乙烯-乙烯-丁二烯-苯乙烯嵌段共聚物(SEBS-g-MAH)共混物,采用热失重方法,分析了SEBS-g-MAH对PPS热稳定性能的影响,并且通过差示扫描量热分析法研究了SEBS-g-MAH对PPS结晶性能的影响,同时研究了PPS/SEBS-g-MAH共混物的力学性能。结果表明,共混物的热稳定性较纯PPS有所下降;PPS结晶峰宽度随SEBS-g-MAH含量的增加先减小后增大,结晶速率和结晶度较纯PPS减小,但对熔点影响较小;SEBS-g-MAH的加入使共混物的缺口冲击强度和断裂伸长率增大,韧性增加。当SEBS-g-MAH含量为40%时,缺口冲击强度为13.1 k J/m2,断裂伸长率为13.7%,但拉伸强度较纯PPS下降,为54.2 MPa。     

SEBS-g-MAH对PC/PBT共混物性能影响

利用双螺杆挤出机制备聚碳酸酯(PC)/聚对苯二甲酸丁二醇酯(PBT)/马来酸酐接枝氢化苯乙烯-丁二烯-苯乙烯共聚物(SEBS-g-MAH)的共混物.通过扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、平板流变仪研究了SEBS-g-MAH对PC/PBT共混物的机械性能、断面形态结构、动态力学行为的影响.结果表明:SEBS-g-MAH提高了PC/PBT共混物的相容性,随着SEBS-g-MAH用量的增加,共混物的缺口冲击强度和断裂伸长率上升,拉伸强度和弯曲强度下降.当SEBS-g-MAH质量分数为5%时共混物的综合性能最佳,同时,SEBS-g-MAH的加入.并未对PC/PBT共混物的成型加工性能产生不良影响.     

马来酸酐接枝热塑性弹性体对LLDPE黏结性能的影响

利用熔融接枝法制备了马来酸酐接枝苯乙烯-乙烯-丁烯-苯乙烯嵌段共聚物(SEBS-g-MAH)、马来酸酐接枝乙烯-辛烯共聚物(POE-g-MAH),研究了两种接枝共聚物的接枝率及其用量对线型低密度聚乙烯(LLDPE)共混体系黏结性能的影响,并探讨了接枝物的作用机理。结果表明:随着接枝共聚物接枝率和用量的增加,LLDPE/SEBS-g-MAH共混物的黏结性能呈上升趋势;在LLDPE/SEBS-g-MAH共混物中加入POE-g-MAH,可在保证共混物黏结性能的基础上降低SEBS-g-MAH用量,当吸光比为0.1378的POE-g-MAH用量为15%时,体系的拉伸剪切强度达到5.52 MPa;当接枝物用量过高时,接枝物富集区与贫乏区之间的分子链缠结作用减弱导,致黏结性能下降。     

PA1212/SEBS-g-MAH/DIDP/BSBA共混物的动态粘弹特性研究

应用平行板流变仪,研究了尼龙1212(PA1212)/[苯乙烯/(乙烯/丁烯)/苯乙烯]嵌段共聚物接枝马来酸酐(SEBS-g-MAH)/邻苯二甲酸二异癸酯(D IDP)/N-丁基苯磺酰胺(BSBA)共混物熔体在230℃下的动态粘弹特性。结果表明,在剪切速率0.1~100 s-1范围内,共混物熔体的剪切储能模量和剪切损耗模量均随着剪切速率的增加而呈非线性函数形式增大;动态复合粘度则随着剪切速率的增加而呈近似幂律函数形式减小。当在低剪切速率下,动态复合粘度随着SEBS-g-MAH含量的增加而显著增大。     

Compact Swelling in Bi1.4Pb0.6Sr2Ca2Cu3.6Oy During the Formation of High-Tc Superconducting Phase

Compact swelling in Pb-doped Bi-Sr-Ca-Cu-O superconductor has been studied by observing the effects of the size of calcined powders, volatilization of materials, and sintering of high- T _c (2223) powders. The bulk density increases at the early stage of sintering, for about 20 h, and then decreases. Densification occurs when the low- T _c (2212) phase and a liquid phase exist, whereas dedensification occurs with the formation of the 2223 phase regardless of the presence of the liquid. Gas evolution from specimens does not appear to be responsible for compact swelling. Compact swelling is explained by anisotropic growth of thin, platelike 2223 grains in random orientation. When 2223 grains grow in a preferred direction, compact swelling is suppressed.     

Synthetic routes to nanoscale BxCyNz architectures

B_xC_yN_z nanoscale materials, hybrids of h-BN and graphite, have been recently synthesised using various techniques. Here, we present the latest advances in the synthesis and characterisation of B-C-N nanotubes and nanofibres. In particular, we focus on layered BC₂N, BN, BC and CN_x systems, reviewing their production methods as well as their structural and electronic properties. These materials may find important applications in the fabrication of nanotransistors, robust nanocomposites, conducting polymers, storage components and field emission sources.     

Microwave Dielectric Properties of CaTiO3-CaAl1/2Nb1/2O3 Ceramics Doped with Li3NbO4

The microwave dielectric properties of CaTi_{1− x} (Al_1/2Nb_1/2) _x O₃ solid solutions (0.3 ≤ x ≤ 0.7) have been investigated. The sintered samples had perovskite structures similar to CaTiO₃. The substitution of Ti⁴⁺ by Al³⁺/Nb⁵⁺ improved the quality factor Q of the sintered specimens. A small addition of Li₃NbO₄ (about 1 wt%) was found to be very effective for lowering sintering temperature of ceramics from 1450–1500° to 1300°C. The composition with x = 0.5 sintered at 1300°C for 5 h revealed excellent dielectric properties, namely, a dielectric constant (ɛ_r) of 48, a Q × f value of 32 100 GHz, and a temperature coefficient of the resonant frequency (τ_f) of −2 ppm/K. Li₃NbO₄ as a sintering additive had no harmful influence on τ_f of ceramics.     

Preparation and properties of poly(Nε,Nε-dicarboxymethyl-l-lysine)

A new ampholytic homopolypeptide, $\text{poly}\text{(N}{}^{\mathrm{\epsilon }}\text{,N}{}^{\mathrm{\epsilon }}\text{-}\text{dicarboxy-methyl-}\text{l}\text{-lysine}\text{)}$, which has one tertiary amino and two carboxyl groups in the side chain has been derived from a hydrochloride salt of poly(L-lysine). The polymer in aqueous solution seems to be in the coil form with locally extended structure (LES) at neutral pH. In both the acidic and alkaline regions, the molar ellipticity of the polymer changes as a result of change in net charge on the side chain. The conformational changes may be from the coil with LES to other coiled forms. 5–7 M NaClO₄ and 80% aqueous methanol induce the α-helix in the polymer at neutral pH. Divalent cations, Cu²⁺ and Ca²⁺, do not induce any remarkably ordered structures such as α-helix or β-structure in the polymer in aqueous solution at any pH. Ultraviolet absorption studies show an absorption peak of the polymer-Cu²⁺ complex near 240 nm. Dependence of the peak intensity on pH at various q values ($\text{q =}\text{[}\text{Cu}{}^{\mathrm{2+}}\text{]}\text{[}\text{residue}\text{]}$) indicates the two steps of the complex formation. At q less than 0.64, the formation is described only with the first step. An average coordination number for Cu²⁺ at the first step was calculated to be about 2 by the method of Mandel and Leyte. The association constant of Cu²⁺ with the residue at the step was determined from the absorption data to be far smaller than that for the Cu²⁺-EDTA complex. The second step of the formation occurs in the case of large q but the absorption data for the second step cannot be obtained exactly due to precipitation.     

Structure Evolution from Pb(Mg1/3Nb2/3)O3 to La(Mg2/3Nb1/3)O3

The crystal structure of lanthanum-modified lead magnesium niobates having composition (Pb_{1− x} La _x ) (Mg_{(1+ x )/3}-Nb_{(2− x )/3})O₃ with X = 0 to 1 was investigated by X-ray powder diffraction. It was found that the fundamental reflections from perovskite structure remain in the whole range of composition. The superlattice reflections from the A(B'_1/2-B"_1/2)O₃ ordered structure are also well preserved for La content greater than 50 at.%; however, a series of extra peaks of mixing indices appears, with intensities gradually enhanced with the increase of La content. For the complete substitution of Pb by La, a splitting of some reflections can be observed in the diffraction pattern. The results indicate that the crystal structure evolves continuously with the La content, from disordered cubic perovskite of space group Pm 3 m for X = 0, to ordered cubic perovskite of space group Fm 3 m for X = 0.5, distorted cubic perovskite of space group Pa 3 for 0.5 < X < 0.9, and finally to a rhombohedral perovskite, possibly belonging to the space group R 3 , for X ≥ 0.9. In the evolution of structure, a linear reduction of the lattice constant of the perovskite cell from 4.048 to 3.964 Å was observed.     

Characteristic Spherulitic Microstructure in Partial-Melt-Processed YBa2Cu3Ox/HfO2

The microstructure of partial-melt-processed YBa₂Cu₃O _x /HfO₂ has been studied by transmission electron microscopy. A characteristic spherulitic microstructure is formed in the system. A model for the growth mechanism has been proposed. The critical heterogeneous nucleation of the YBa₂Cu₃O _x phase appears to occur from the melt in an epitaxially controlled manner on CuO particles. Subsequent growth of YBa₂Cu₃O _x platelets from the nucleus region is repeatedly interrupted by the nucleation of hafnium-rich phases in the liquid at the solid/liquid interface in a manner that again appears to be epitaxially controlled and that promotes the splay of the c orientation of the YBaCuO grain.