重叠正交变换在正交频分复用中的应用

本文将重叠正交变换(Lapped orthogonal transform)用于正交频分复用(OFDM)系统的调制和解调,提出了新的OFDM实现方案;并以一个多径信道为例,把它与传统的采用DFT的OFDM系统做了比较,指出新方案在无线通信中能有效地降低误码率。     

A Modified SLM Scheme With Low Complexity for PAPR Reduction of OFDM Systems

In this paper, we propose a new peak-to-average power ratio (PAPR) reduction scheme of orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) system, called a modified selected mapping (SLM) scheme, which considerably reduces the computational complexity with keeping the similar PAPR reduction performance compared with the conventional SLM scheme. The proposed scheme is analytically and numerically evaluated for the OFDM system specified in the IEEE 802.16 standard. For the OFDM system with 2048 subcarriers, the proposed scheme with 4 binary phase sequences can reduce the complex multiplications by 63.5% with the similar PAPR reduction compared with the SLM scheme with 16 binary phase sequences.     

一种基于星座协作映射的改进P-OFDM方法

针对室内高速光无线链路设计,提出了一种新的光正交频分复用技术方案——改进极性光正交频分复用(MP-OFDM)。通过将星座协作映射技术引入到极性光OFDM(P-OFDM)系统中,在获得高效的功率和频谱利用率、较低峰均平均功率比(PAPR)及较好误码性能的同时,还可以进一步提高系统编码增益,增加系统设计自由度。仿真实验表明,与P-OFDM技术相比,该方案的PAPR性能与其接近,而平均误码块率性能则优于前者,即MP-OFDM系统可在不牺牲PAPR的同时获得更好的平均误码块率性能。同时,在功率分配方案中,系统能在平均误码块率性能与PAPR性能之间取得更好的折衷。     

Combining discrete cosine transform with clipping for PAPR reduction in intensity-modulated OFDM systems

In this paper, the peak-to-average power ratio (PAPR) of orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) signal is reduced by combining the discrete cosine transform (DCT) with clipping in optical intensity-modulated direct-detection (IM/DD) OFDM systems. First, the data are transformed into new modified data by DCT. Second, the proposed scheme utilizes the clipping technique to further reduce the PAPR of OFDM signal. We experimentally demonstrate that the optical OFDM transmission system with this proposed scheme can achieve significant performance improvement in terms of PAPR and bit error rate (BER) compared with the original optical OFDM systems.     

A New Scheme to Mitigate the OFDM High PAR Problem by Minimizing the Signal's Nonlinear Distortion Caused by HPA

How to mitigate the negative impact of high PAR in OFDM systems is an important issue. Most of recent works have focused on minimizing the PAR of OFDM signal to enhance performance. However, after relating this issue with the specific characteristics of HPA, we propose a new scheme to mitigate the high PAR problem. Rather than minimizing OFDM signal's PAR, the new scheme uses the amount of OFDM signal's nonlinear distortion to be caused by HPA as a new measure and increases the performance of OFDM system by minimizing this nonlinear distortion. The pre-calculation of the new measure is achieved by employing an adaptive nonlinear system identification process. Meanwhile, because the new scheme only changes the measure of the OFDM signal but not the frameworks of the prior PAR-reduction methods based on minimum PAR criterion, these prior PAR-reduction methods can be easily extended to incorporate the new scheme. A case study of the new scheme by adopting it in the SLM method shows its superiority over the conventional scheme     

Analysis of ICI cancellation scheme in OFDM systems with phase noise

Phase noise in orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) systems destroys the orthogonality of the subcarriers and inter-carrier interference (ICI) is caused. In this paper, the ICI self-cancellation scheme is adopted to combat the ICI caused by phase noise in OFDM systems. Moreover, the error coefficients are defined and the theoretical expressions of carrier to interference ratio (C/I) with and without the ICI self-cancellation scheme are separately derived. From the simulation results, it is verified that the ICI self-cancellation scheme obviously decreases the amount of the ICI caused by phase noise and the improvement of C/I could reach 10 dB when the normalized 3 dB bandwidth of phase noise is 0.4. However, the convolutional coding OFDM (COFDM) system could supply more performance gain at the expense of increasing decoder complexity compared to OFDM system with the ICI self-cancellation scheme in the frequency-selective channel.     

新的低复杂度降低OFDM信号峰均功率比的压缩扩张技术

本文提出了一种新的降低OFDM信号峰均功率比的压缩扩张技术.文中通过与传统压缩扩张技术的对比,详细介绍了新压缩扩张技术的方法和计算复杂度、并从统计角度分析了对峰均功率比及其用于OFDM系统时对系统误比特率的改善等方面的性能.数值仿真说明,与传统压缩扩张技术相比较,新压缩扩张技术不仅具有更低的计算复杂度,而且可以获得更为高效的性能增益.     

Block coding scheme for reducing PAPR in OFDM systems with large number of subcarriers

The major drawback in Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) system is due to the high Peak-to-Average Power Ratio (PAPR), so the performance of the system is significantly degraded by the nonlinearity of a High Power Amplifier (HPA) in the transmitter. In order to mitigate distortion, a block coding scheme for reducing PAPR in OFDM systems with large number of subcarriers based on complementary sequences and predistortion is proposed, which is capable of both error correction and PAPR reduction. Computer simulation results show that the proposed scheme significantly improves Bit Error Rate(BER) performance as compared to an uncoded system when an HPA is employed or a coded system without predistortion.     

Pilot-aided sampling frequency offset estimation and compensation using DSP technique in DD-OOFDM systems

To improve the outage performance of an optical orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing (OFDM) system under the frequency offset between the sampling clocks in the transmitter and receiver, a pilot-aided sampling frequency offset (SFO) estimation and compensation scheme for the optical OFDM system with intensity-modulation and direct-detection (DD-OOFDM) is experimentally demonstrated. The experimental and simulated results show that the scheme can work effectively even with large sampling frequency offsets. In addition, it can achieve a good bit error rate (BER) performance without the sampling clock frequency synchronization in the receiver.     

Precoded OFDM with adaptive vector channel allocation for scalable video transmission over frequency-selective fading channels

Orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) has been applied in broadband wireline and wireless systems for high data rate transmission where severe intersymbol interference (ISI) always occurs. The conventional OFDM system provides advantages through conversion of an ISI channel into ISI-free subchannels at multiple frequency bands. However, it may suffer from channel spectral s and heavy data rate overhead due to cyclic prefix insertion. Previously, a new OFDM framework, the precoded OFDM, has been proposed to mitigate the above two problems through precoding and conversion of an ISI channel into ISI-free vector channels. In this paper, we consider the application of the precoded OFDM system to efficient scalable video transmission. We propose to enhance the precoded OFDM system with adaptive vector channel allocation to provide stronger protection against errors to more important layers in the layered bit stream structure of scalable video. The more critical layers, or equivalently, the lower layers, are allocated vector channels of higher transmission quality. The channel quality is characterized by Frobenius norm metrics; based on channel estimation at the receiver. The channel allocation information is fed back periodically to the transmitter through a control channel. Simulation results have demonstrated the robustness of the proposed scheme to noise and fading inherent in wireless channels.     

STBC MIMO-OFDM peak-to-average power ratio reduction by cross-antenna rotation and inversion

Multiple-input multiple-output orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (MIMO-OFDM) has become a promising candidate for high performance 4G broadband wireless communications. However, like OFDM, one main disadvantage of MIMO-OFDM is that the signals transmitted on different antennas might exhibit a prohibitively large peak-to-average power ratio (PAPR). We will show that the PAPR reduction for MIMO-OFDM needs a more efficient solution than applying existing schemes for OFDM systems separately on each antenna. Further, we suggest a scheme of cross-antenna rotation and inversion (CARI), which utilizes additional degrees of freedom by employing multiple antennas. Two suboptimal schemes, termed successive suboptimal CARI (SS-CARI) and random suboptimal (RS-CARI) show significant performance advantages and lower computational complexity compared to the concurrent selective mapping (SLM) scheme proposed in Y. -L. Lee et al. (2003).     

Grouped DCT precoding for PAPR reduction in optical direct detection OFDM systems

A new grouped precoding technique based on discrete cosine transform (DCT) is presented for peak to average power ratio (PAPR) reduction of optical intensity modulated/direct detection (IM/DD) orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) system. The computational complexity of the scheme is reduced by at least about 15% compared with that of the ordinary DCT precoding scheme when the number of groups is 2. The PAPR with this method can be reduced by about 0.8 dB. Meantime, compared with original OFDM, the bit error rate (BER) performance of system is improved. So the proposed scheme for reducing PAPR is very effective in optical IM/DD OFDM systems.     

正交频分复用和调频复合探测体制研究

针对正交频分复用探测体制存在的问题,提出一种新的正交频分复用和调频复合无线电引信探测体制与测距信号处理方案。新复合探测体制利用调频引信的特点抑制本地发射天线向接收天线的泄漏,利用OFDM信号的时频特性,在时域和频域分别通过相关检测进行距离粗估计和频域比相检测进行距离精估计。仿真结果表明,文中的测距方案能够克服多频比相法模糊距离和测距精度的矛盾,获得较高的测距精度。     

A New Metric for the Envelope of OFDM Signals Based on Memory Power Amplifier

Orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) signals with large envelope variations usually requires power de-rating operation on the power amplifier (PA) to meet the requirement of adjacent channel leakage ratio of systems. Peak-to-average power ratio (PAPR) and cubic metric (CM) are two metrics commonly used to characterize the envelope of OFDM signals. And the amount of power de-rating is determined by their values. However, both PAPR and CM do not take the memory effects (MEs) of PA into account. Actually, for wideband system such as OFDM, the inherent MEs in PA can not be ignored any more. In this paper, we study the behavioral model of PA with memory and sufficiently analyze the impacts of memory PA on OFDM signals. Based on our analysis, a new metric for the envelope characteristics of OFDM signals is proposed. The simulation results show that the proposed metric provides much more accurate prediction on required power de-rating of PA than both PAPR and CM. So the new metric is a better choice for the envelope characteristics of OFDM signals.     

基于频域导频PTS-OFDM系统峰平比降低技术

对于无线通信系统而言,OFDM是一种非常有吸引力的传输技术,但是OFDM信号具有较高的峰平比特性.为了减小信号峰平比,本文利用部分传输序列PTS技术,提出了一种适用于基于频域导频OFDM系统的峰平比降低实现方案,给出了其实现算法及系统控制策略;并利用计算机仿真对该系统的峰平比和误码率性能进行了分析,仿真结果表明:PTS技术可以有效地改善OFDM信号的高峰平比特性.本方案采用FPGA实现其相应的硬件电路,经过实际的OFDM系统样机传输测试,证明了所提方法的实用性及其良好的性能.     

FRFT与PTS联合降低OFDM系统峰均功率比的方法

针对OFDM系统的高PAPR,提出了将FRFT与PTS相结合的方法解决这一问题。首先利用FRFT代替FFT,使得系统的PAPR在适当的阶次下有了一定的下降。为更加有效地降低系统PAPR,将FRFT与PTS法相结合应用到OFDM中,并根据FRFT的酉性,简化了最优阶次的搜索算法,寻找出当系统阶次为0.006时其PAPR性能达到最优。仿真结果表明,当CCDF=10-4时,最优阶次下的OFDM系统将其PAPR降低了约7 dB,比使用传统PTS法时降低了约4 dB。     

A new PTS OFDM scheme with low complexity for PAPR reduction

In this paper, we introduce a new partial transmit sequence (PTS) orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) scheme with low computational complexity. In the proposed scheme, 2/sup n/-point inverse fast Fourier transform (IFFT) is divided into two parts. An input symbol sequence is partially transformed using the first l stages of IFFT into an intermediate signal sequence and the intermediate signal sequence is partitioned into a number of intermediate signal subsequences. Then, the remaining n-l stages of IFFT are applied to each of the intermediate signal subsequences and the resulting signal subsequences are summed after being multiplied by each member of a set of W rotating vectors to yield W distinct OFDM signal sequences. The one with the lowest peak to average power ratio (PAPR) among these OFDM signal sequences is selected for transmission. The new PTS OFDM scheme reduces the computational complexity while it shows almost the same performance of PAPR reduction as that of the conventional PTS OFDM scheme.     

Exponential companding technique for PAPR reduction in OFDM systems

In this paper, a new nonlinear companding technique, called "exponential companding", is proposed to reduce the high Peak-to-Average Power Ratio (PAPR) of Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) signals. Unlike the /spl mu/-law companding scheme, which enlarges only small signals so that increases the average power, the schemes based on exponential companding technique adjust both large and small signals and can keep the average power at the same level. By transforming the original OFDM signals into uniformly distributed signals (with a specific degree), the exponential companding schemes can effectively reduce PAPR for different modulation formats and sub-carrier sizes. Moreover, many PAPR reduction schemes, such as /spl mu/-law companding scheme, cause spectrum side-lobes generation, but the exponential companding schemes cause less spectrum side-lobes. Computer simulations, which consider a baseband OFDM system with Additive White Gaussian Noise (AWGN) channels and a Solid State Power Amplifier (SSPA), show that the proposed exponential companding schemes can offer better PAPR reduction, Bit Error Rate (BER), and phase error performance than the /spl mu/-law companding scheme.     

Performance of Hybrid ARQ Schemes for OFDM Systems

In this paper,four schemes of Hybrid Automatic-Repeat-Request(HARQ)for Orthogonal Frequency DivisionMultiplexing(OFDM)systems are evaluated when they are used in different channel environments.The AccumulativeCorrect Packet Reception Rate(ACPRR)performance of four HARQ schemes is compared in order to verify which ARQschemes are more suitable for different mobility OFDM systems.Computer simulation results show that the maximal ratiocombining frequency diversity ARQ scheme and type Ⅲ HARQ with frequency diversity is more suitable for low mobilityOFDM system.However the type Ⅲ HARQ without frequency diversity is more suitable for high mobility OFDM systembecause of the remarkable time diversity which reduces the required retransmission number to about 2 at the ACPRR of0.96.     

Adaptive modulation for space–frequency block coded OFDM systems

The growing popularity of both multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) and orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) systems has created the need for adaptive modulation to integrate temporal, spatial and spectral components together. In this article, an overview of some adaptive modulation schemes for OFDM is presented. Then a new scheme consisting of a combination of adaptive modulation, OFDM, high-order space-frequency block codes (SFBC), and antenna selection is presented. The proposed scheme exploits the benefits of space–frequency block codes, OFDM, adaptive modulation and antenna selection to provide high-quality transmission for broadband wireless communications. The spectral efficiency advantage of the proposed system is examined. It is shown that antenna selection with adaptive modulation can greatly improve the performance of the conventional SFBC–OFDM systems.