反应堆保护系统应用软件IV&V方法简介

核电厂仪控系统的数字化过程中,一个必然要解决的关键问题是反应堆保护系统应用软件的独立验证与确认(IVV),从而确保软件的可靠性和安全性。介绍了反应堆保护系统应用软件在整个软件开发生命周期中的各个阶段IVV的主要内容,并重点介绍了单元模块的测试步骤和测试方法,包测试硬件平台、测试软件工具、测试用例的建立以及实施单元模块测试的过程。     

基于抽象语法树的软件度量工具的设计与实现

为了提高软件质量和控制，改善软件开发过程，文中提出了以抽象语法树为核心的软件度量工具(ASTMT)的体系结构图，介绍了度量工具的功能及特点，详细论述了工具中各个模块的设计与实现方法，着重讨论了抽象语法树的组成及其节点设计。介绍该工具在软件开发中的实际应用，进而验证了工具的实用性与有效性。     

基于局部 ? 整体相关特征的多单元化工过程分层监测

针对一类多单元化工过程的监测问题, 提出基于局部?整体相关特征的分层故障检测与故障定位方法, 通过表征单元内部变量相关性、单元与单元间相关性、局部单元与过程整体相关性, 对过程运行状态进行判断, 以提升过程监测的准确性与可靠性. 首先, 采用典型相关分析, 通过引入邻域单元相关变量提取每个单元的独有特征和外部相关特征; 其次, 对每个单元的独有特征和所有单元的外部相关特征建立统计模型实现分层故障检测; 然后, 建立单元?变量分层贡献图, 对故障单元以及故障变量实现分层定位. 通过在Tennessee Eastman仿真过程和一个实验室级甘油精馏过程中的应用说明所提分层监测方法的有效性.     

基于规范变量分析的化工单元多变量统计监控

化工生产过程往往含有大量的过程变量,且过程多处于闭环控制作用下,产生的测量数据常常存在互相关和自相关。规范变量分析(CVA)通过最大化两个变量集间的相关度,实现对高维数据的降维,并得到一组最大限度地解释变量集中信息的规范变量,很好地解决了上述问题。本文介绍一种基于CVA的过程监控方法,并将此方法应用于一实际化工单元的过程监控,利用控制图,及时准确地检测到过程故障,表明了基于CVA的监控方法的有效性。     

改进能力图在多元过程能力分析中的应用

针对多特性过程能力分析问题,在单变量过程服从正态分布的假设下,构建了基于差异系数的多元过程能力指数计算模型,并利用Bootstrap抽样技术得到其经验分布及置信区间估计。在此基础上引入过程能力图,以能力图的形式清晰诠释单特性和多特性过程能力分布及其相互影响,最后以某生产过程为例给出了应用分析。通过实例分析表明,该方法较好地解决了多特性能力分析和评价问题,为多元过程能力分析提供了有利工具。     

通信网关与实时数据库在煤矿综合自动化系统中的应用

针对新元煤炭有限责任公司在综合自动化的建设过程中对各生产子系统数据接入存在技术瓶颈的问题,以某公司生产的煤矿井下控制器为例,详细介绍了该控制器的通信网关和实时数据库与煤矿综合自动化子系统数据的接入实现及其在系统集成中的应用。     

基于PCA和KPCA的带式输送机故障诊断

由于在生产过程中监测变量的高度相关性,一个故障或扰动的发生会导致许多变量采样值的异常,因此仅仅检测各个过程变量不足以应用于过程监测、故障诊断。本文通过获得正常操作状态下的数据,采用主元分析对生产过程进行监测,并确定过程运行的统计控制限。当统计量的值超过它们的控制限时,就预示着有故障发生。     

嵌入式系统性能瓶颈分析工具的设计与应用

本文研究对龙芯3A3000处理器硬件拓扑信息的获取以及对性能管理单元PMU的访问。通过指定事件类型获取PMU中相关事件的发生次数来分析嵌入式应用性能瓶颈产生的原因。通过Eclipse插件技术使性能瓶颈分析工具以插件的方式集成到Eclipse开发环境上,为程序员提供图形用户界面,使程序员能够更直观地获取相关信息,方便其在开发过程中及时发现程序中的性能瓶颈并进行定位。     

UML建模实例分析

本文介绍了UML的定义及其与过程的关系,并结合电梯管理系统实例,探讨了例图、类图、状态图和交互图的基本概念,分析了UML建模的基本思想和过程。文中各个模型是在可视化建模工具Rose２０００上开发的。用户可以采用图形化方式刻画系统的需求和设计,自动生成对应的软件框架,根据实际要求填写代码。它可以指导软件的分析、设计、编码。UML建模实例分析$长沙国防科技大学计算机学院!(410073)@王建军     

一种交互式的不变量动态发现编配工具

发现程序中隐含程序不变量是实现高层次行为合约、提高程序质量的关键.重点研究了不变量的动态发现方法与程序编配原理,并在传统的编配方法基础上实现了交互式的石鼓编配工具.该工具具有预设观测点和观测变量等功能,并通过将运行轨迹收集到数据库中来实现不变量分析.并详细说明了采用内嵌法的编配工具的总体结构及实现过程.实验证明石鼓编配工具能更方便有效地发现不变量.     

Blending CMM and Six Sigma to meet business goals

Tata Consultancy Services (TCS) blended Six Sigma concepts with the various SW CMM key process areas, thereby creating a quality management system. This helped TCS improve its customer focus and sustain process improvement initiatives by explicitly linking them to business goals. The TCS team implemented the QMS on the lines of Level 2 and 3 requirements of SW CMM, using Six Sigma concepts to reinforce quantitative process and product measurements and analysis, process improvements for defect prevention, and process optimization. This article describes TCS's approach, highlighting the benefits gained by blending Six Sigma and CMM to provide quality deliverables to its customers.     

A multidisciplinary framework to support the design of injection mold tools

The design of injection mold tools is a complex process for which market pressures demand ever-shorter development time and higher quality level. Thus, it is considered imperative to adopt new methods and tools to support the design process, in order to achieve a more effective mold design solution. Based on this assumption, a multidisciplinary framework was developed, centered on Design for Six Sigma methodology and reinforced with a set of highly valued techniques, namely: the European Customer Satisfaction, the Axiomatic Design and the Multidisciplinary Design Optimization. As a result, a platform was built to support the design of any mold tool without undercuts, which tackles the design of an injection mold as a fully integrated multidisciplinary optimization problem, oriented by customer preferences and their impositions. A set of specific analysis sub-modules is integrated through an overseeing optimization code system, responsible for the numerical simulation of the injection process. This platform was validated through the comparison with an existing mold, whose results attained highlight the great potential of the proposed framework to achieve mold design improvement. In particular, the value of mold solutions generated led to a global improvement on mold performance by 5 %.     

六西格玛在软件过程度量中应用研究综述

现有软件过程度量的标准模型一般只提出如何进行软件过程管理以及应该达到什么样的标准,但没有对客户怎样做,使用哪些方法可以达到这些标准进行具体的阐述。而六西格玛改进提供了一套持续改进现有过程的流程、方法和工具;六西格玛设计是控制产品设计质量突破“五西格玛墙”的有力工具,它更接近于企业的底层经营流程。因而,针对软件企业的自身特点,结合六西格玛,解决软件质量的控制问题,生产出高质量的产品,获得竞争优势,具有十分重要的意义。为此进行了相关文献的综述研究。     

Six sigma as a business process management method in services: analysis of the key application problems

Apart from being applied in production, Six Sigma has grown considerably in importance as a business process management (BPM) method in services. The transfer of the method from production to service applications does, however, pose problems which affect the success of implementing Six Sigma as a BPM method in services. For a successful application of the Six Sigma method in services it is helpful to know these possible problems in order to be able to avoid them and to achieve the goals of Six Sigma improvement projects. In addition from a theoretical view knowing the problems is a first step for further development of the Six Sigma method. Therefore, the present article deals with the following questions: which key problems regarding the application of Six Sigma in services are mentioned in the literature and which phases of the Six Sigma cycle can they be assigned to? The existing literature on this subject is reviewed and a qualitative content analysis of its contents is presented. Additionally, a survey based on the problems found in the literature is conducted to compare theory and practice. The evaluation of the results shows, on the one hand, that to date the problems of the application of Six Sigma in services have little been dealt with. On the other hand the evaluation provides a survey of the problems structured in accordance to the phases of the Six Sigma cycle. Thus, the present paper offers new findings as regards the state-of-the-art of the Six Sigma method.     

Optimization of user experience in mobile application design by using a fuzzy analytic-network-process-based Taguchi method

Mobile application (app) design is an expanding research area, with user experience (UX) as its core. UX encompasses all aspects of human–computer interaction, and thus the optimization of UX has multiple objectives. Quality characteristics related to UX are subjective and even subconscious; moreover, there exists interdependence among UX quality characteristics. However, very little attention has been focused on these issues when optimizing UX based on multiple objectives. In this paper, a fuzzy analytic network process (ANP)-based Taguchi method is proposed for optimizing UX in mobile app design. First, design patterns and UX quality characteristics are determined. Subsequently, a Taguchi experiment is designed and carried out, and then signal-to-noise (S/N) ratios are calculated. A fuzzy ANP is adopted to derive the preference weights for the UX quality characteristics. Based on these weights, the S/N ratios are converted into a multiperformance characteristic index (MPCI) by using the Technique for Order Preference by Similarity to an Ideal Solution (TOPSIS). Finally, according to the MPCI, the significant design patterns are identified by using the analysis of variance, and the optimal design is obtained by using the response table and response graph. A mobile health app design was presented to illustrate the proposed approach. The results suggest that the proposed approach can effectively manage the interdependence among the subjective and even subconscious UX quality characteristics in the optimization process, and be used as a universal robust design approach to optimize UX in mobile app design.     

The Integration of TRIZ with Other Ideation Tools and Processes as well as with Psychological Assessment Tools

When TRIZ is introduced into an organization setting, it invariably encounters a host of processes and tools already in place. These can include enterprise tools such as Six Sigma, Design for Six Sigma (DFSS), QFD and Lean Manufacturing. It is fairly easy to combine TRIZ problem‐solving and technological forecasting with these processes and tools, because most of these enterprise tools are problem‐identifying processes that couple easily with the strong problem‐solving capabilities of TRIZ. What is more difficult is to integrate TRIZ thinking with other psychologically based creativity and assessment tools. Users and trainers for these various tools tend to be very protective about each process and do not spend sufficient time thinking about ways to integrate the best of all tools. Organizations also frequently use psychological assessment tools to assist employees in career development, but they are seldom used in a proactive way to improve group problem‐solving. These assessments can be used proactively within the use and implementation of TRIZ. This paper will review suggested ways to effectively integrate TRIZ innovation and problem‐solving principles with these other tools.     

Design for Six Sigma through collaborative multiobjective optimization

This paper presents a global methodology for designing product for Six Sigma. First, we combine a feasibility-modeling technique with an interactive multiobjective algorithm taking into account the decision maker’s preferences (IMOP) to generate several Pareto-optimal solutions that maintain a probability of constraint satisfaction. These solutions are called reliable Pareto-optimal solutions.The solutions found by the algorithm fulfill as much as possible the decision makers’ requirements. Second, we develop a procedure for choosing a solution for implementation from among the reliable Pareto-optimal solutions generated by the algorithm. This procedure is based on the robust design and philosophy of Six Sigma. Finally, the critical characteristics are identified to help the managers develop the manufacturing system and its related control plans in order to achieve quality products. The proposed methodology is applied to vehicle crash-worthiness design optimization for side impact with structural weight and front door velocity under side impact as objectives.     

在实施CMM时如何应用6 Sigma方法

介绍了CMM和6 Sigma,以及两者之间的异同;指出在CMM中应用6 Sigma是可行的,并给出了一些在CMM中应用6 Sigma的方法,包括应用6 Sigma工具在CMM各KPA以及在CMM全局和流程中的应用;最后指出软件机构在应用6 Sigma的同时还需要用CMM来改进软件过程。     

A systematic methodology for the creation of Six Sigma projects: A case study of semiconductor foundry

Nowadays, Six Sigma has been widely adopted in a variety of industries in the world and it has become one of the most important subjects of debate in quality management. Six Sigma is a well-structured methodology that can help a company achieve expected goal through continuous project improvement. Some challenges, however, have emerged with the execution of the Six Sigma. For examples, how are feasible projects generated? How are critical Six Sigma projects selected given the finite resources of the organization? This study aims to develop a novel approach to create critical Six Sigma projects and identify the priority of these projects. Firstly, the projects are created from two aspects, namely, organization’s business strategic policies and voice of customer. Secondly, an analytic hierarchy process (AHP) model is implemented to evaluate the benefits of each project and; a hierarchical failure mode effects analysis (FMEA) is also developed to evaluate the risk of each project; and from which the priority of Six Sigma projects can be determined. Finally, based on the project benefits and risk, projects can be defined as Green Belt, Black Belt, or others types of projects. An empirical case study of semiconductor foundry will be utilized to explore the effectiveness of our proposed approach.     

Intelligent integrated plant operation system for Six Sigma

Six Sigma has been widely adopted in a variety of industries as a proven management innovation methodology to produce high-quality products and reduce the cost at all the levels of an enterprise. This paper proposes a plant operation system which can guide plant engineers and operators to pursue Six Sigma activities by providing supports for key elements of Six Sigma: measurement, analysis, improvement and control. Multivariate statistical process control (MSPC) techniques have been employed as key technologies for the system, along with the plant information systems. This paper also discusses the future research issues that should be addressed to implement the described system.