Influence of Mg doping on the morphology and optical properties of ZnO films for enhanced H2 sensing

Highly oriented ZnO and Mg doped ZnO thin films were fabricated on Al₂O₃ substrate by sputtering at room temperature. The effect of Mg doping on the structural, optical, and morphological properties of ZnO film was investigated. The intensity of (002) peak in X‐ray diffraction measurements revealed the influence of Mg doping on the crystallinity and orientation of ZnO film. Photoluminescence (PL) results show that the Ultraviolet (UV) emission peak was shifted to lower wavelength side for Mg:ZnO film indicating the possibility for quantum confinement. UV–vis–NIR optical absorption revealed an improvement in optical transmittance from 70 to 85%, and corresponding optical band gap from 3.25 to 3.54 eV. Atomic force microscope (AFM) images revealed the nano‐size particulate microstructure of the films. The surface topography of Mg doped ZnO film confirmed decreased grain size with large surface roughness and increased surface area, favorable for sensing. Pure ZnO and Mg doped ZnO film were used as active layer and tested for its sensing performance to hydrogen. Compared to undoped ZnO, 22 at.% Mg doped ZnO film showed much higher sensor response to H₂ at a concentration as low as 200 ppm and at a lower operating temperature of 180°C. A linear sensor response was observed for H₂ concentration in the range of 100–500 ppm. Microsc. Res. Tech. 76:1118–1124, 2013. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.     

微型膜结构全光纤珐珀干涉高温传感器

制作了一种微型膜结构的全光纤在线珐珀干涉式高温传感器。该传感器是在单模光纤端面依次熔接一段大芯径空芯光纤和一段研磨的多模光纤膜片而构成的,因此,温度引起的珐珀腔光程差改变量由空芯光纤的热膨胀和温度引起腔内压强改变从而改变膜片的扰度两部分组成,从而使相同温度变化下传感器的光程差变化量更大,分辨率更高。实验结果表明,在100～650℃,该传感器单位温度变化的光程差变化量约为1.029 nm,温度分辨率约为1.5℃,测量线性度约为0.996 7,且滞回小,重复性好。这种膜结构的全光纤珐珀干涉式高温传感器因其体积小,温度分辨率高,将在多点高温测量领域有好的应用前景。     

Note: epitaxial ruby thin film based photonic sensor for temperature measurement

Deposition of optical quality C-axis oriented epitaxial thin film of ruby via pulsed laser deposition technique on sapphire substrate is reported. The film is characterized by Raman spectra and photoluminescence spectra. The peak positions of R-line and the corresponding linewidth are observed to be temperature dependent. The sensitivity of R(1)-line position, υ, with the temperature, (dυ/dT), in the range of 138-368 K shows linear behavior confirming its applicability as temperature sensor.     

高空间分辨率分布式光纤测温系统的设计及应用

分布式光纤测温系统是一种新型的线型感温探测器,以光纤作为传感器,可实现沿光纤分布的温度实时测量。理论分析了分布式光纤测温系统的原理以及影响空间分辨率指标的因素,并给出了0.5m高空间分辨率分布式光纤测温系统的设计以及测试情况。将高空间分辨率分布式光纤测温系统应用于电缆温度测量,测量结果表明0.5m空间分辨率下对小区域电缆过热点的探测更为显著,可及时发现潜在的火灾隐患。     

Al、Sn掺杂对于ZnO薄膜微结构及光学特性的影响

采用真空电子束蒸发金属薄膜及后续热氧化技术在石英衬底上分别制备出了ZnO、Al∶ZnO以及Sn∶ZnO薄膜。通过X射线衍射仪(XRD),紫外-可见分光光度计和原子力显微镜(AFM)等分析仪器对比研究了Al、Sn掺杂对ZnO薄膜结晶质量、光学性质及表面形貌的影响。测试结果表明,Al、Sn掺杂可以使薄膜结晶质量得到提高,薄膜应力部分释放,薄膜表面的粗糙度也相应增加,掺杂对薄膜光学带隙的影响在一定程度取决于金属薄膜的氧化程度,氧化充分可以使光学带隙变宽,反之则变窄。     

利用超短FBG光谱线性区的传感解调系统

为了研究一种星载光纤光栅传感解调系统,通过高掺锗光纤载氢增敏和优化紫外曝光功率,实现了栅区长度小于0.5mm,反射率大于40%,3dB带宽大于5nm,反射谱边缘有效线性区域大于2nm的超短光纤光栅的写制。提出了一种将超短FBG作为传感器件,利用其光谱线性区进行传感解调的方法。将中心波长位于光谱线性区域的稳频激光入射到超短光纤光栅,随着超短光纤光栅光谱的漂移,反射光的功率随之变化。由于稳频激光位于线性区域,返回光功率与光谱漂移量呈线性关系,因而可实现传感测量。将该系统用于应变和温度的测量,结果表明,光功率随应变、温度变化具有较好的线性关系,线性度分别为0.997和0.999,灵敏度分别为54.59nW/με和230nW/℃。该方法可用于温度及应变的精确测量,并且具有结构简单、功耗小、测量空间分辨率高等潜在优势。     

保偏光纤转轴熔接Sagnac干涉环的光学游标效应及温度传感器

为了实现高灵敏度的温度传感,通过在基于保偏光纤Sagnac干涉仪的Sagnac环内增加一段保偏光纤,控制两段保偏光纤快轴熔接角度接近45°,设计并制造了保偏光纤转轴熔接Sagnac干涉环结构。在理论上通过Jones矩阵推导了保偏光纤转轴熔接Sagnac干涉环的干涉谱公式,基于仿真分析研究了主要参数对保偏光纤转轴熔接Sagnac干涉环输出特性的影响。仿真结果表明,保偏光纤转轴熔接Sagnac干涉环实现了光学游标效应,两段保偏光纤的平均长度、两段保偏光纤的长度差分别影响保偏光纤转轴熔接Sagnac干涉环输出干涉谱的波长间隔和包络周期;在实验中,将保偏光纤转轴熔接Sagnac干涉环应用在光纤温度传感器中。实验结果表明,在2cm的感温区域,保偏光纤转轴熔接Sagnac干涉环温度传感器的灵敏度就达到了-2.44nm/℃,是普通Sagnac干涉环温度传感器(-0.163nm/℃)的14.97倍。     

Design and implementation of a versatile and variable-frequency piezoelectric coefficient measurement system

We present a simple but versatile piezoelectric coefficient measurement system, which can measure the longitudinal and transverse piezoelectric coefficients in the pressing and bending modes, respectively, at different applied forces and a wide range of frequencies. The functionality of this measurement system has been demonstrated on three samples, including a PbZr(0.52)Ti(0.48)O(3) (PZT) piezoelectric ceramic bulk, a ZnO thin film, and a laminated piezoelectric film sensor. The static longitudinal piezoelectric coefficients of the PZT bulk and the ZnO film are estimated to be around 210 and 8.1 pC∕N, respectively. The static transverse piezoelectric coefficients of the ZnO film and the piezoelectric film sensor are determined to be, respectively, -0.284 and -0.031 C∕m(2).     

光纤传感器在涡轮轴向位移检测中的应用研究

以光纤传感原理为基础，采用一种强度补偿型反射式光纤位移传感器，借助光纤本身的优势，实现涡轮机轴向位移的实时监测。系统包括光源及其驱动电路、光纤传输通道、信号处理电路和信号输出系统。通过双路接收的方法消除因光源发光功率波动、光纤损耗变化以及环境干扰光等因素对测量结果的影响。采用稳压源驱动和温度补偿保证光源发光的稳定性，进行转速监测以补偿速度变化引起的误差。采用单片机完成被测信号的识别和处理，提高了测量的精度。     

Construction and evaluation of a disposable pH sensor based on a large core plastic optical fiber

The fabrication and characterization of a disposable optical fiber sensor for the detection of pH in the range 5-8 are described. The sensing element is a drop of sol-gel hybrid material containing phenol red and deposited onto the tip of a large core plastic optical fiber. This fiber is also exploited for the optical interrogation. This probe can be used as a disposable part of a measuring system. The dynamic range and temporal response of the sensor are here investigated.     

差分吸收式光纤NO2气体传感器

NO2是对人体有害的毒性气体，NO2的工业污染问题日益突出，NO2指标呈增长趋势，因此，快速、实时检测NO2浓度对于防治环境污染，保护环境和人体健康都具有重大意义。基于NO2的光谱吸收特性，设计了一种检测NO2浓度的光纤传感系统，采用双波长差分检测技术有效消除了由光源、光纤和传感头的不稳定所引起的检测误差，提高了检测灵敏度。并且可以将传感头放入NO2浓度较高的环境下进行经济、实时、安全的测量，避免了人体进入恶劣环境所造成的伤害。     

Small diameter fiber Bragg gratings and applications

Small diameter optical fibers are preferred in sensing systems as they have less influence on mechanical performance of smart composite. The static and dynamic monitoring capabilities of the small-diameter fiber Bragg gratings (FBG) are experimentally studied in this paper. Firstly, a small-diameter FBG is used as a strain sensor. Secondly, a temperature sensor is fabricated using a specific FBG. Thirdly, a simple sensing system is proposed in order to discriminate temperature at sensing point. Finally, utilization of these small diameter FBGs for vibration monitoring is discussed. The experiments revealed that the central wavelengths of the small-diameter fiber Bragg gratings shift linearly with strain or temperature. The FBG is more sensitive than a thermocouple inside the thermostat. Acquisition and analysis of the dynamic signal indicates that the designed FBG can be used for dynamic signal monitoring.     

基于明胶的光纤湿度传感系统

随着科学的发展,湿度指标在食品安全、仪器制造、生物研究、金属材料等方面备受重视。传统的湿度检测方法以化学方法和电子传感器检测法为主,化学方法对环境有不同程度的污染,而电子传感器检测法的抗电磁干扰能力差,使用环境受限。为解决这些问题,设计了一种新型的光纤湿度传感系统。系统利用明胶薄膜作为湿度传感核心器件,通过搭建传感光路,测量光强变化确定湿度变化。实验验证证明,系统具有良好的湿度传感效果,湿度与光强基本成线性分布,在线性区间内误差小于1.5%,通过进一步优化后可应用于电磁干扰较大环境下的湿度测量。     

Fe-C合金膜光纤腐蚀传感器的腐蚀实验及传感特性研究

为了监测钢筋或各种埋地管线的腐蚀情况,提出了基于金属腐蚀敏感膜的光纤腐蚀传感器.介绍了Fe-C合金膜光纤腐蚀传感器的原理.为了寻找其传感规律,用同一浓度的腐蚀溶液对不同厚度的金属膜进行腐蚀.以金属膜被腐蚀掉的百分比作为横坐标来记录光输出功率的变化.通过对实验数据的分析,基本找到了电镀获得的Fe-C合金膜在腐蚀溶液中的腐蚀规律.     

基于螺旋式光纤环输出光斑旋转的温度传感器

采用将传感光纤绕制在螺旋型调制器上的方法,设计了一种基于光斑旋转角度调制的新型光纤温度传感器。根据螺旋型调制器所处环境温度的变化会使传感光纤产生双折射效应,从而使出射光斑发生旋转变化的原理,通过CCD获得不同温度下的出射光斑图像的变化情况以及利用MATLAB对所得数据进行处理,可以探测出温度变化与出射光斑旋转角度的关系,达到对温度间接测量的目的。实验证明,光斑旋转角度与温度变化在一定范围内有很好的线性关系,而且该传感系统灵敏度也比较高。     

超低温薄膜压力传感器的研究

超低温薄膜压力传感器可用于液氢、液氮、液氧等低温环境的压力测量,目前国内外超低温压力传感器产品的工作温度最低为-200 ℃.文中主要介绍了对超低温薄膜压力传感器的研究,通过薄膜压力传感器设计和工艺技术研究,成功研制出超低温薄膜压力传感器,并在-253(液氢)～+60 ℃温度环境下进行压力传感器静态性能测试,结果表明传感器性能指标优异,实现了超低温薄膜压力传感器技术突破.     

Simultaneous measurement of strain and temperature using a hybrid local and distributed optical fiber sensing system

Structure multi-parameters measurement, such as strain, displacement, corrosion and temperature, is of the utmost importance for structural health monitoring. Meanwhile uncoupling method of temperature and strain has still a technical problem in structure sensing measurement. In this paper, we proposed a method for simultaneous measurement of strain and temperature using a hybrid local and distributed optical fiber sensing system. The principle of the method is investigated and then validated by the theoretical simulation experiments and tensile tests in laboratory. Furthermore, one experiment for internal force measurement of a smart stranded wire, under the interaction of temperature and strain, is also conducted in lab. The experimental results show that the strain and temperature can be well measured simultaneously by using one multi-signal optical fiber sensor.     

基于啁啾光纤光栅的电压传感性能研究

电压的实时测量是电力系统稳定、安全的关键。提出了一种基于啁啾光纤光栅的电压传感器,利用压电陶瓷的逆压电效应带动黏贴在其上面的传感啁啾光栅发生形变,使传感啁啾光栅的波长发生漂移,通过检测传感啁啾光栅和参考啁啾光栅反射光包络的强度变化,获取被测电压的幅值和频率信息。理论分析了电压与光功率变化的关系,搭建了带温度补偿的双啁啾光栅传感系统,实验研究了传感器的静态和实时动态特性。实验结果表明,该传感器的相关系数R2为0.999 8,电压灵敏度达到0.048mW/V,既能直接检测直流电压,也能较好地检测交流电压及其频谱信息,为在复杂环境评估电能质量提供了参考。     

光纤传感技术在航空发动机温度测试中的应用

温度测试对于航空发动机设计与研制具有极其重要的意义。航空发动机的测温环境具有高温、高压、高速气流冲击、高转速、安装空间狭小等特点,还要求测温系统具有大量程、高精度和高稳定性的工作性能,可供选择的测温方法非常有限。光纤温度传感器具有体积小、抗电磁干扰、极端环境下的安全可靠和使用灵活等优点,并具有串联复用的准分布式传感能力,在航空发动机温度测试中有很好的应用前景。本文对比总结了基于光纤布拉格光栅、光纤法布里-珀罗、光纤超声和光纤辐射等几类典型的光纤温度传感器的传感原理、制造工艺和技术特点,分析了航空发动机研制中不同对象和场景的温度测试需求,对光纤温度传感技术在航发测温领域中的应用研究现状进行了分类整理和发展水平综述,对其在未来实际应用中存在的不足进行了分析,最后对其在未来研究及应用的发展方向进行了展望,为后续航发测温领域研究及应用提供参考。     

Investigation on Structural,Morphological, Optical and Ammonia Sensing Properties Indium Doped Nano Crystalline ZnO Thin Films Synthesized by Spray Pyrolysis Technique

In the present work, nanostructured In doped ZnO thin films were synthesized using spray pyrolysis technique with different molarity concentrations (0.001–0.004). X-ray diffraction patterns confirms the polycrystalline nature of the films with hexagonal structure. The crystallite size is going to be increases with increase in dopant concentration. The field-emission scanning electron micrograph of undoped ZnO exhibits spherical shaped particles with intergrain pores and the intergrain pores decreases with increases in indium concentration. The transmittance and band gap is going to be decreases with increase in indium concentration. The ammonia (NH₃) sensing properties of the undoped ZnO and In doped ZnO thin films were carried out at room temperature and the sensing responses of the samples towards NH₃ concentrations were reported.