基于混沌系统和分数阶傅里叶变换的图像加密算法

设计一种基于混沌系统和FRFT（Fractional Fourier Transform）的图像加密算法。图像加密过程分两个步骤：首先利用混沌系统生成的置乱矩阵对图像进行置乱加密,然后利用FRFT将置乱加密的图像进行双随机相位加密得到最终的加密图像。该方案的安全性依赖于混沌系统的参数敏感性、相位掩膜和FRFT阶的随机性。理论分析和仿真实验表明,该方案具有良好的图像加密效果。     

gyrator变换域的高鲁棒多图像加密算法

目的 随着互联网通信和多媒体技术的快速发展,单幅图像加密技术难以满足日益增长的数据传输需求。为提高图像加密系统的传输效率,同时保证安全性和鲁棒性,本文构建一种基于gyrator变换和多分辨率奇异值分解（multi-resolution singular value decomposition,MRSVD）的多图像加密算法。方法 首先,将明文图像每两幅组合为复数矩阵,利用改进的logistic映射生成混沌相位掩模,对复数矩阵进行gyrator域的双随机相位编码。其次,将变换后矩阵的实部分量和虚部分量组合为实数矩阵并进行多分辨率奇异值分解。最后,使用正交系数矩阵对多分辨率奇异值分解的结果进行线性组合得到密文图像。结果 实验结果表明,使用本文算法得到的解密图像的峰值信噪比大于300 dB,解密图像质量相较于对比算法的解密图像质量更好;密钥发生微小改变前后密文相关系数（correlation coefficient,CC）远小于0.20,明文像素值发生微小变化时像素变化率（number of pixels change rate,NPCR）与归一化平均变化强度（unified average changing intensity,UACI）分别约为0.999 0和0.333 7;密钥空间大小为5.616 9×10⁶⁰,可以抵御蛮力攻击;当密文图像受到一定强度的高斯白噪声和剪切攻击时,本文算法能够较好地恢复明文图像。结论 所提出的多图像加密算法在高质量恢复明文图像的同时具有较高的安全性和较强的鲁棒性,可以应用于图像的内容保护与安全传输。     

Imperceptible digital watermarking scheme in multiple transform domains

A novel imperceptible digital watermarking scheme in multiple transform domains is presented, where the cover image is dealt with by discrete wavelet transform (DWT), discrete cosine transform (DCT) and discrete fractional random transform (DFRNT), while the watermark image is scrambled by Arnold transform and logistic map. First the watermark is scrambled by the Arnold transform, then the row and the column of the resulting watermark are scrambled by the Logistic map, respectively. In addition, four sub-band images are generated from the host image by the two-dimensional discrete wavelet transform. The low-frequency sub-band images are divided into 8?×?8 small matrices, and a coefficient matrix is produced by performing the discrete cosine transform on each matrix. An intermediate matrix with the same size as the watermark image is constructed by the intermediate frequency coefficients. Then the discrete fractional random transformation is performed on the intermediate frequency coefficient matrix and the scrambled watermark is embedded into the discrete fractional random transformation domain. Compared with the previous schemes, the proposed digital watermarking scheme has stronger imperceptibility and robustness.     

对改进的基于DNA编码和混沌的图像加密方法的安全性分析*

混沌密码系统已展现了许多非传统密码系统所具有的优良特性,基于混沌的加密算法层出不穷,同时对混沌密码系统进行安全性分析对混沌密码的发展具有重要意义。对一种改进的基于DNA编码和混沌映射的图像加密方法进行了安全性分析,该算法的核心思想是明文图像的DNA编码矩阵与混沌映射产生的随机矩阵的DNA编码矩阵求和,然后再对这个和矩阵中的元素随机求补即得密文图像。运用选择明文攻击的方法,破解了该算法中的等效密钥,从而利用等效密钥再解密出目标明文。理论分析和实验结果验证了本文选择明文攻击策略的可行性。简要讨论了提高该密码算法安全性的一些改进措施。     

分数傅里叶域图像数字水印方案

根据离散分数傅里叶变换（DFRFT）,提出了一种基于分数傅里叶变换的图像数字水印方案。分数傅里叶变换具有空域和频城双城表达能力,可以对原始图像和水印信号分别进行不同阶次的分数傅里叶变换以增强水印安全性。将水印信号的分数傅里叶谱叠加在原始图像在视觉上的次重要分量上。在JPEG压缩、图像旋转、高斯低通滤波的攻击方式下,对水印图像进行了鲁棒性分析,实验表明该算法具有良好的鲁棒性。     

实离散分数Krawtchouk变换及其在数字图像水印中的应用

目的传统Krawtchouk变换处理图像时存在变换域信息表示单一、不可调节等问题,传统分数阶Krawtchouk变换处理实信号表示有冗余等问题。为了构造更加灵活的图像变换域表示,提出了实离散分数阶Krawtchouk变换,并应用于数字图像水印。方法利用对传统Krawtchouk变换矩阵特征值分解的方式,通过对分解后的特征值矩阵的实矩阵分数化构造得到了实离散分数阶Krawtchouk变换的变换矩阵,从而构造出实离散分数阶Krawtchouk变换。然后,利用所提变换从实数域变换到实数域这一特性,提出了在实离散分数阶Krawtchouk变换嵌入水印信息的图像水印算法。算法采用了图像分块处理的方式,对每个图像块的实离散分数Krawtchouk变换系数进行奇异值分解,将水印信息嵌入奇异值分解矩阵中,然后进行逆向实离散分数阶Krawtchouk变换得到嵌入水印后的图像。结果通过比较所提实离散分数阶Krawtchouk变换域水印算法和传统Krawtchouk变换域水印算法,提取水印的平均错误率在中值滤波、均值滤波、高斯滤波、JPEG压缩和缩放攻击下,分别降低了12.39%、10.04%、18.50%...     

基于小波变换和FRFT的图像加密算法

为了提高图像的安全性,增强图像的加密效果,提出一种基于离散小波和分数阶傅里叶变换（FRFT）的图像加密算法。首先利用离散小波变换使图像信号稀疏化,然后对稀疏化处理后的图像进行离散FRFT处理,得到最终加密图像。MATLAB的仿真结果表明,和单一的小波变换相比,该算法的加密和解密效果较好,能够较好地隐藏图片的信息。     

一种基于超混沌系统的双图关联加密算法

针对现存混沌图像加密算法中存在系统安全性不高、无法抵御明文攻击、加密图像相互独立、效率低等问题,提出了一种基于超混沌系统的双图关联加密算法。首先根据明文图像,由超混沌系统产生与之相关的混沌随机矩阵,对明文图像进行深度扩散;选取其中一幅图像进行明文关联的置乱操作与快速比特扩散生成密文◢c▼1▽;之后对剩余图像进行自适应关联比特操作生成密文c▼2▽,完成双图关联的图像加密。实验结果与仿真分析表明,该算法不仅具有更高的效率与更强的抗明文攻击能力,而且仅由一幅密◣文不能得到与之相应的明文图像,安全性更高,具有良好的应用场景。     

二维离散分数阶Fourier变换的双混沌图像加密算法

针对现今分数阶Fourier变换和传统混沌加密的不足,提出了一种基于二维离散分数阶Fourier变换的双混沌图像加密算法。该算法首先借助明文图像信息生成辅助密钥矩阵与输入密钥相结合得到混沌序列,再将生成的中间密文作为二维离散分数阶Fourier变换输入,最后进行置乱操作,使得明文信息得到很好的隐藏。通过实验仿真表明,该算法不仅能有效抵抗统计特征攻击、差分攻击,而且大大改善经传统分数阶Fourier变换后直方图像不平滑的缺点,达到很好的加密效果。     

A Novel Internet of Medical Thing Cryptosystem Based on Jigsaw Transformation and Ikeda Chaotic Map

Image encryption has attracted much interest as a robust security solution for preventing unauthorized access to critical image data. Medical picture encryption is a crucial step in many cloud-based and healthcare applications. In this study, a strong cryptosystem based on a 2D chaotic map and Jigsaw transformation is presented for the encryption of medical photos in private Internet of Medical Things (IoMT) and cloud storage. A disorganized three-dimensional map is the foundation of the proposed cipher. The dispersion of pixel values and the permutation of their places in this map are accomplished using a nonlinear encoding process. The suggested cryptosystem enhances the security of the delivered medical images by performing many operations. To validate the efficiency of the recommended cryptosystem, various medical image kinds are used, each with its unique characteristics. Several measures are used to evaluate the proposed cryptosystem, which all support its robust security. The simulation results confirm the supplied cryptosystem’s secrecy. Furthermore, it provides strong robustness and suggested protection standards for cloud service applications, healthcare, and IoMT. It is seen that the proposed 3D chaotic cryptosystem obtains an average entropy of 7.9998, which is near its most excellent value of 8, and a typical NPCR value of 99.62%, which is also near its extreme value of 99.60%. Moreover, the recommended cryptosystem outperforms conventional security systems across the test assessment criteria.     

An asymmetric hybrid cryptosystem using hyperchaotic system and random decomposition in hybrid multi resolution wavelet domain

In this paper, an asymmetric hybrid cryptosystem utilizing four-dimensional (4D) hyperchaotic framework by means of coherent superposition and random decomposition in hybrid multi-resolution wavelet domain is put forward. The 4D hyperchaotic framework is utilized for creating permutation keystream for a pixel swapping procedure. The hybrid multi-resolution wavelet is formed by combining Walsh transform and fractional Fourier transform of various orders. The 4D hyperchaotic framework’s parameters and preliminary conditions alongside the fractional orders extend the key-space and consequently give additional strength to the proposed cryptosystem. The proposed cryptosystem has an extended key-space to avoid any brute-force attack and is nonlinear in nature. The scheme is validated on greyscale images. Computer-based simulations have been executed to validate the robustness of the proposed scheme against different types of attacks. Results demonstrate that the proposed cryptosystem along with offering higher protection against noise and occlusion attacks is also unassailable to special attack.

     

基于频域压缩和二维离散混沌的图像加密方案

针对数字图像加密安全与效率的矛盾性问题,提出了一个基于二维离散超混沌和频域压缩的数字图像加密方案。首先,通过对图像分块得到图像矩阵,并将其转换成频域矩阵。然后在密钥的驱动下,使用超混沌系统对频域矩阵进行加密,使其具有很高的安全性和随机性。接下来,采用哈达玛变换对加密后的频域矩阵进行变换,进一步增强加密的安全性。最后,采用压缩编码技术对加密后的矩阵进行压缩,达到减小传输数据量的目的。实验结果表明,提出的图像加密方案具有很高的加密强度和安全性,在保证加密效率和图像质量的前提下,减小了传输数据的大小,提高了传输效率。同时,该方案具有较强的鲁棒性,能够抵御各种攻击,具有良好的应用前景。     

基于分数阶Fourier变换的数字图像加密算法研究*

基于分数阶Fourier变换和混沌,提出了一种数字图像加密方法。具体算法为：先对图像进行混沌置乱,再进行X方向的离散分数阶Fourier变换;然后在分数阶Fourier域内作混沌置乱,再进行Y方向的离散分数阶Fourier变换;最后将加密图像的实部与虚部映射到RGB,形成可传输的彩色加密图像。实验结果表明,该加密算法具有很好的安全性,在信息安全领域有较好的应用前景和研究价值。     

一类分数傅里叶变换图像加密算法的安全分析

从分数阶傅里叶变换的性质出发,对一类分数阶傅里叶变换图像加密算法进行分析。对原有算法结果图进行肉眼判断,提取图像中间结果数据进行对比分析,可知算法的密钥具有不敏感性,并且解密图具有很大失真。对分数傅里叶变换进行理论上的分析和讨论。分析及实验结果表明,直接使用分数阶傅里叶变换进行加密的算法对密钥并不敏感,存在安全隐患。为实现密文图像的显示和传输而引入的RGB映射将导致解密图像像素值失真。     

Selective medical image encryption using DNA cryptography

ABSTRACT

In the medical field, advanced techniques like e-health, smart health, and telemedicine applications are in use. These techniques transmit a digital medical image via open-source networks. The digital medical image contains confidential and sensitive information of patients. The transmitted digital medical images are used for diagnosis in the remote center. Hence, providing security and maintaining the confidentiality of the medical image is a major apprehension. In this paper, DNA cryptography and dual hyperchaotic map techniques are proposed to provide high-level security for a digital medical image. The digital medical images are very large in size and require more computational time. To reduce computational time, the selective digital medical image encryption algorithm is proposed. In the proposed cryptosystem, the permutation and diffusion process are performed on selected pixels of digital medical images. To construct theDNA structure for digital medical images, all DNA encoding rules based on the pixel position of the digital medical image are used. The cipher image is attained by using all DNA decoding rules based on the pixel value of the digital medical image. The proposed cryptosystem is resistant to different types of attacks.     

结合汉明码和图像矫正的彩色图像盲水印

目的 随着互联网技术的飞速发展,彩色数字图像带来极大便利的同时,也产生了一些篡改、剽窃等侵权行为;同时,几何处理对含水印载体的破坏使水印盲检测的难度增加,因此,本文提出一种基于汉明码和图像矫正的彩色图像盲水印方法,旨在解决当前图像版权保护的难点问题。方法 嵌入水印时,使用仿射变换加密彩色水印,并将已加密的信息编为汉明码,然后利用特征值分解计算出像素块的全部特征值,并通过对特征值绝对值的和进行量化来完成水印的嵌入;提取水印时,利用图像的几何属性对多种几何攻击后的图像进行判断、矫正,并借助量化技术提取水印。结果 基于彩色图像标准数据库,将本文方法与7种相关方法进行了对比实验：在不可见性方面,与LU分解的水印方法相比,本文算法峰值信噪比（peak signal-to-noise ratio,PSNR）提高了4 dB;在常规攻击鲁棒性方面,与Schur分解的最新方法相比,本文算法平均归一化互相关（normalized cross-correlation,NC）的值稍有提高;在几何攻击鲁棒性方面,本文算法NC值具有一定的优势;同时,本文算法的水印容量达到了0.25 bit/像素,密钥空间达到了2⁴³²,运行时间仅需3 s左右。结论 所提方法不仅具有较好的水印不可见性和较强的鲁棒性,而且具有较大的水印容量、较高的安全性和实时性。     

An invisible hybrid color image system using spread vector quantization neural networks with penalized FCM

In this paper, an invisible hybrid color image hiding scheme based on spread vector quantization (VQ) neural network with penalized fuzzy c-means (PFCM) clustering technology (named SPFNN) is proposed. The goal is to offer safe exchange of a color stego-image in the internet. In the proposed scheme, the secret color image is first compressed by a spread-unsupervised neural network with PFCM based on interpolative VQ (IVQ), then the block cipher Data Encryption Standard (DES) and the Rivest, Shamir and Adleman (RSA) algorithms are hired to provide the mechanism of a hybrid cryptosystem for secure communication and convenient environment in the internet. In the SPFNN, the penalized fuzzy clustering technology is embedded in a two-dimensional Hopfield neural network in order to generate optimal solutions for IVQ. Then we encrypted color IVQ indices and sorted the codebooks of secret color image information and embedded them into the frequency domain of the cover color image by the Hadamard transform (HT). Our proposed method has two benefits comparing with other data hiding techniques. One is the high security and convenience offered by the hybrid DES and RSA cryptosystems to exchange color image data in the internet. The other benefit is that excellent results can be obtained using our proposed color image compression scheme SPFNN method.     

基于稀疏矩阵的Arnold数字图像加密算法

针对原有Arnold数字图像加密算法中常见的密钥空间不足的问题,提出了一种基于稀疏矩阵的Arnold数字图像加密算法--SMA;同时为了进一步提高该基于稀疏矩阵的Arnold数字图像加密算法的安全性,利用图像分层及三层加密结构的思想来加以改进,提出了安全性提升算法--3SMA(3 round SMA)。SMA算法的加密流程首先利用Arnold变换将明文图片扩散到一个较大的稀疏矩阵中,再去除稀疏矩阵中的无效元素得到密文;解密时输入密文图片,依照预先计算好的对换表将密文中的像素调整回原来的位置得到明文。3SMA算法使用三个不同的轮密钥,每一轮都处理明文图像中的两个颜色分量以达到加密的目的。实验表明,与已有的Arnold数字图像加密算法进行对比时,SMA与3SMA算法具有更高的安全性。     

基于小波与分数傅里叶变换的图像水印算法

载体图像的空域隐藏Chirp信号可以通过分数傅里叶变换在变换域中进行盲检测。为了提高该算法的鲁棒性能,该文研究直接离散化方法,合理选取分数傅里叶变换的算子阶数,将Chirp 信号隐藏在图像信号的低频小波域中。仿真实验表明,改进后的水印算法提高了直接在空域进行信息隐藏的鲁棒性。     

结合分数Hartley变换和复用技术的图像加密算法

通过初等数学运算对彩色图像的RGB三个分量进行复用,并结合基于分数哈特莱变换的双随机相位对其进行单通道加密。加密算法的密文不是一幅彩色图像,而是一复数矩阵。研究表明,该加密算法加密过程简单,密钥选择性大,且有较大的密钥空间和较高的安全性。