Evaluation of shear design provisions for shear-critical concrete beams

This paper presents a nonlinear static analysis of a dual-track, multi-span continuous cable system for cable cars and ski lifts. The end supports are assumed to be frictionless bull wheels and the intermediate supports are assumed to be frictionless pulley supports. As geometrical and contact nonlinearities are involved, a nonlinear finite element solver ABAQUS is adopted for the static analysis of the cable system. The interfaces between cables and frictionless supports are modelled by frictionless interaction in normal direction and “hard contact” that allows for separation after contact in the tangential direction. Load cases due to different arrangements of cable cars are considered in the nonlinear analysis of the cable system. The proposed method for analysis used herein should be useful for solving various engineering problems involving cables undergoing large geometrical deformation and contact nonlinearity.     

开口截面钢-混凝土组合梁弯扭性能非线性分析

在钢筋混凝土变角软化桁架模型的基础上,提出了适于分析开口截面钢-混凝土组合梁弯扭性能的三维桁架模型。在弯扭作用下,组合梁截面各单元分别处于一维应力状态(体系1)和二维应力状态(体系2),体系1用来抵抗由弯矩和扭矩引起的截面纵向应力,体系2用来抵抗由扭矩引起的截面剪应力,两者通过截面的纵向应变协调和内力平衡条件联系起来。分析充分满足平衡条件、变形协调条件和材料本构方程。通过对部分试件的计算验证,结果表明该模型不仅可以用于预测组合梁的极限强度,而且为混凝土翼板开裂后组合梁全过程分析,提供了有效途径。     

钢筋混凝土U形薄壁梁弯-剪-扭复合受力性能试验研究

U形薄壁混凝土梁主要用于城市轨道交通工程,受弯-剪-扭复合作用。本文通过试验研究了一根大尺寸钢筋混凝土U形薄壁梁在弯-剪-扭复合作用下的力学性能,包括裂缝的发展与分布、钢筋应变分布以及破坏形态等。试验结果表明：弯-剪-扭复合作用下的U形薄壁混凝土梁呈现明显的空间受力特征,表现为裂缝和钢筋应变在两侧腹板上显著差异分布,同时,腹板内外侧斜裂缝以及箍筋应变的分布也存在明显差异;加载过程中纵筋应变在跨中和支座沿截面高度方向的分布基本符合平截面假定,纵筋应变沿梁跨近似线性分布;弯-剪-扭复合作用下钢筋混凝土U形薄壁梁出现了受弯矩和翘曲弯矩影响的延性弯曲破坏,且破坏仅发生在加载侧腹板,而非加载侧腹板处于相对低应力状态。     

Experimental study on straight composite beams subjected to combined flexure and torsion

Acceptable methods of ultimate load analysis and design for composite steel-concrete beams are nowadays readily available. However, in the case when a composite beam is curved in plan under vertical loading or an edge beam, the beam is subjected to a state of combined flexure and torsion. Previous studies have shown that current methods of using flexure-torsion interaction equations for reinforced concrete beams cannot be directly applied to composite steel-concrete construction. Moreover, partial shear connection which has been commonly used in composite steel-concrete construction has not been previously addressed in studies on flexure-torsion interaction. Therefore, this paper provides results from several test programmes to support the view that in the presence of flexure, there will be an increase in the torsional moment capacity but the flexural capacity does not increase in the presence of torsion. In addition to these experimental results, a model has been provided to allow for the design of combined flexure and torsion.     

Nonlinear analysis of composite beams subjected to combined flexure and torsion

There are situations in which a composite steel-concrete beam is subjected to torsion, such as members that are curved in plan or straight edge beams in buildings or bridges. The composite action of the steel beam and concrete slab in torsion is usually ignored in design codes of practice. Therefore, a three-dimensional (3D) finite element model is introduced in this paper to simulate composite steel-concrete beams subjected to combined flexure and torsion with the influence of partial shear connection using a commercial software ABAQUS. Brick and truss elements were used with the incorporation of nonlinear material characteristics and geometric behaviour in the model. This is coupled with an extensive parametric study using the validated finite element model using different parameters such as the span length and the level of shear connection. From the analytical study, a new phenomenon has been uncovered, which was validated by the test observation. This phenomenon called torsion induced vertical slip is an important issue, which would make the assumption plane sections remain plane invalid. In addition, difference in span length greatly affected the flexure-torsion interaction relationship of the composite steel-concrete beams, whilst the partial shear connection did not affect the relationship. Design models for readers to take away at the end of this paper are also proposed.     

纤维材料抗剪加固钢筋混凝土梁的影响因素与试验结果分析

本文讨论了多种因素对纤维布加固钢筋混凝土梁效果的影响，分析了不同因素的影响程度，并分析了纤维布对梁刚度、开裂荷载的影响。最后对纤维布的应变变化情况进行了研究。     

纤维材料抗剪加固钢筋混凝土梁的影响因素与试验结果分折

本文讨论了多种因素对纤维布加固钢筋混凝土梁效果的影响,分析了不同因素的影响程度,并分析了纤维布对梁刚度、开裂荷载的影响,最后对纤维布的应变变化情况进行了研究。     

高强钢筋混凝土复合受扭构件开裂性能试验研究

以轴压比和相对偏心距为参数,对8根高强钢筋混凝土压弯剪构件在单调扭矩作用下的性能进行了试验研究,探讨了试件裂缝的产生和发展、破坏特征以及影响裂缝倾角和开裂扭矩的因素。推导出了压弯剪复合受扭构件开裂扭矩的计算公式,与试验结果进行对比,计算值与试验值吻合较好,为高强混凝土复合受扭构件开裂扭矩的计算和设计提供了参考。     

对钢筋混凝土剪扭构件承载力计算公式的修正

本文指出《混凝土结构设计规范GB50010—2002》(以下简称《规范》)在计算钢筋混凝土剪扭构件承载力时采用的三折线模型过高地估计了混凝土部分的承载力,使得设计偏于危险。通过现有试验数据的分析,本文认为采用直线剪扭相关模型更为安全合理,并在此模型的基础上提出两种修正公式。修正公式一仅在《规范》公式的基础上对混凝土部分的抗扭承载力折减系数进行修正。修正公式二不区分抗扭、抗剪箍筋,具有明确的物理意义,并能返回验算。本文还对两种建议公式与《规范》公式进行了比较,指出:《规范》公式不能满足直线模型的承载力要求,当构件截面面积较大、混凝土强度等级较高时甚至不能满足1/4圆弧模型的承载力要求;在荷载不变的情况下,随着构件截面增大、混凝土强度等级提高,《规范》公式计算结果先是越来越偏于危险,而后又逐渐偏于安全;《规范》计算配箍率不能满足承载力要求,需进行较大辐度地提高。两种建议公式明显安全于《规范》公式,且这两种公式的计算结果相当接近。     

钢筋混凝土联肢墙小跨高比复合斜筋连梁抗震性能试验研究

钢筋混凝土联肢剪力墙或联肢筒壁中的连梁是抗震关键部件。小跨高比连梁因剪弯比高,不采取特殊措施难以满足高剪力条件下的高延性要求。现行设计规范使用的交叉暗撑连梁虽抗震抗剪能力及延性好,但钢筋绑扎困难;现行规范降低抗剪能力上限、强化配箍要求的普通配箍连梁则抗剪能力过低、延性依然不足。为此,有必要寻求一种不需内力或刚度折减的高抗剪能力、高延性、便于施工的小跨高比连梁设计方案。为适应小跨高比连梁的受力特征,提出一种由交叉斜筋和上、下L形斜筋复合配筋的新设计方案,并完成19个具有不同跨高比、不同剪压比和不同斜筋———L形筋用量比的足尺连梁低周交变加载试验。试验结果表明,采用新方案配筋的连梁具有良好的抗震性能;剪跨比为0.8~2.5的该类连梁在剪压比高达0.3及以上时仍具有不低于4.0~5.0的位移延性,且施工难度明显降低。这种新的连梁配筋方案可推荐用于高抗震等级的建筑结构。     

空腹式型钢混凝土L形柱压弯剪扭抗震性能试验研究

为研究空腹式型钢混凝土L形柱压弯剪扭滞回性能,以扭弯比、肢高肢厚比为变化参数,设计6个试件进行恒定轴压下的低周反复弯-剪-扭加载试验。通过试验观察了试件的受力破坏过程,获取了试件的扭矩-扭转角、弯矩-位移滞回曲线,分析了试件的破坏形态、承载能力、刚度退化、延性及耗能能力等抗震性能指标。结果表明:随着扭弯比的增大,L形柱的破坏形态表现为弯曲破坏、弯剪破坏及弯扭破坏; L形柱的扭矩-扭转角滞回曲线中部捏拢,形成滑移平台,峰值荷载后有明显的荷载"跌落"现象;弯矩-位移滞回曲线相对饱满,L形柱的受弯性能优于受扭性能。压弯剪扭复合作用下空腹式型钢混凝土L形柱的位移延性系数小于3,不能满足GB 50011—2010《建筑抗震设计规范》要求。     

On the probabilistic analysis of reinforced concrete beams in shear and bending

In this paper, probabilistic models are developed for evaluation of structural reliability of reinforced concrete beams. The proposed approach is based on known deterministic models of failure and the Level 2 method. For the purpose of analysis, the failure functions are defined for the combined effect of shear and bending. A stochastic dependence in properties and in loads at different points along the beam is considered and the failure of elements is defined as a series system of failure modes. It is shown that the stochastic dependence along structural members is an important factor and should be taken into account in design practice.     

高强不锈钢绞线网-渗透性聚合砂浆抗剪加固的试验研究

高强不锈钢绞线网-渗透性聚合砂浆加固法是一种新型加固工艺,它具有耐火、耐腐蚀、耐老化的优点。本文对4根 用该工艺加固的钢筋混凝土梁和1根对比梁进行了受剪性能试验研究。试验结果表明,利用这种新型材料进行加固,梁的 受剪承载力得到了显著提高,剪切刚度有一定程度的提高,同时加固措施对斜裂缝的发展有良好的约束作用。在试验研究 的基础上,本文给出了利用这种方法进行加固的受剪承载力及剪切刚度的设计计算公式,并给出了最大斜裂缝宽度的计 算方法,公式计算结果与试验结果吻合良好。     

混锚预应力U形碳纤维条带抗剪加固混凝土梁试验研究

研发钢筋混凝土梁抗剪加固用U形纤维增强复材（FRP）条带的预应力系统,提出一种预应力U形条带端锚与黏贴并用（简称混锚）的抗剪加固方法。完成了1根未加固、7根采用U形碳纤维（CFRP）条带进行抗剪加固的矩形截面梁剪切试验,加固梁中1根为纯黏贴、6根为混锚预应力。结果表明：混锚预应力加固在抑制主斜裂缝开展、延缓箍筋屈服和提高箍筋塑性利用率等方面的表现均优于纯黏贴加固,能够防止FRP端部剥离并实现拉断破坏,大幅度提高纤维强度利用率,显著提高梁的抗剪承载力,最大提升率达92%。预应力和配纤率的大小对抗剪加固效果有较明显影响,其他条件相同时,预应力越大或配纤率越高,加固梁综合性能越好。建议了混锚预应力U形CFRP有效应变的计算公式,用于预测剪切破坏时CFRP的贡献和加固梁的承载能力,与试验结果符合良好,可供工程应用参考。     

Behaviour and strength of hollow flange channel sections under torsion and bending

Hollow flange channel section is a cold-formed high-strength and thin-walled steel section with a unique shape including two rectangular hollow flanges and a slender web. Due to its mono-symmetric characteristics, it will also be subjected to torsion when subjected to transverse loads in practical applications. Past research on steel beams subject to torsion has concentrated on open sections while very few steel design standards give suitable design rules for torsion design. Since the hollow flange channel section is different from conventional open sections, its torsional behaviour remains unknown to researchers. Therefore the elastic behaviour of hollow flange channel sections subject to uniform and non-uniform torsion, and combined torsion and bending was investigated using the solutions of appropriate differential equilibrium equations. The section torsion shear flow, warping normal stress distribution, and section constants including torsion constant and warping constant were obtained. The results were compared with those from finite element analyses that verified the accuracy of analytical solutions. Parametric studies were undertaken for simply supported beams subject to a uniformly distributed torque and a uniformly distributed transverse load applied away from the shear centre. This paper presents the details of this research into the elastic behaviour and strength of hollow flange channel sections subject to torsion and bending and the results.     

自锁式单向螺栓在拉剪共同作用下的承载力研究

基于自锁式单向螺栓拉伸试验和剪切试验的破坏模式和承载力试验结果,采用ABAQUS对其拉伸试验和剪切试验进行有限元模拟,模拟结果和试验吻合较好。在此基础上,采用ABAQUS建立两种自锁式单向螺栓NBB和SBB在拉力和剪力共同作用下的有限元模型,并通过改变外荷载与螺栓杆轴的夹角改变螺栓同时承受拉力和剪力的大小比例,得到单向螺栓在不同夹角下的极限荷载,继而得到单向螺栓NBB和SBB的承载力拉剪关系图。当剪力较小时,剪力的存在对于单向螺栓的抗拉承载力有增益效果,使得其大于单向螺栓在单纯轴向拉伸时的抗拉承载力。最后,提出两种单向螺栓在拉剪作用下的承载力计算公式。     

基于转动角软化桁架模型的锈蚀钢筋混凝土纯扭构件非线性分析

为了对钢筋已锈蚀甚至出现滑移的钢筋混凝土纯扭构件进行非线性分析,在转动角软化桁架模型的基础上,引入能够考虑钢筋滑移以及锈蚀率影响的钢筋平均应力 应变关系,推导出方便模型求解的简化公式,给出相应的计算流程,并编制相关程序,对相关文献中的无锈蚀和有锈蚀的钢筋混凝土纯扭构件进行分析。与已有试验数据对比结果表明,极限扭矩试验值与计算值之比的平均值,对非锈蚀梁和锈蚀梁分别为0.945和1.036,对典型的试验梁分析得到的扭矩-扭率曲线与试验结果也非常接近,证明了提出的考虑锈蚀及滑移效应后钢筋修正本构模型的合理性。     

压-扭荷载下CFRP-方形钢管混凝土的力学性能研究

以轴压比、CFRP层数和混凝土立方体抗压强度等为参数,开展了压-扭荷载下CFRP-方形钢管混凝土(S-CF-CFRP-ST)的静力性能试验,得到了试件的扭矩-转角(T-θ)曲线、扭矩-应变(T-ε)曲线和破坏模态。试验结果表明,钢管与CFRP可协同工作;同一点的45°方向应变始终为负,横向应变始终为正,纵向应变根据轴压比的变化为正或为负;小轴压比CFRP-方形钢管混凝土试件在压-扭荷载下发生延性破坏。采用ABAQUS模拟试件扭矩-转角曲线和变形模态并开展受力全过程分析,模拟和分析结果与试验现象和结果吻合良好。参数分析的结果表明,提高混凝土强度、钢材屈服强度、含钢率和横向CFRP层数可提高构件的抗扭承载力;通过对试件扭矩-转角曲线的大量分析,导出了CFRP-方形钢管混凝土的压-扭承载力相关方程。     

在弯矩、剪力和反复扭矩复合作用下的碳纤维布加固RC箱梁抗扭性能试验研究

为研究碳纤维布加固弯矩、剪力和反复扭矩复合作用下的钢筋混凝土箱梁的抗扭性能,共设计制作了4根钢筋混凝土箱梁试件,其中3根采取碳纤维布加固、1根不加固作为对比试件。试验在自行研制的扭转试验装置上进行,对箱梁试件同步施加弯矩、剪力和反复扭矩作用。以加固方式和加固数量为主要研究参数,分析了箱梁试件的破坏机理、承载能力、变形能力和滞回性能等。通过各箱梁试件的碳纤维布和钢筋的应变变化规律,探讨了碳纤维布加固箱梁的抗扭工作机理;通过测得的各试件的扭矩-扭转角滞回曲线和骨架曲线,提出了碳纤维布加固钢筋混凝土箱梁的抗扭恢复力模型。从而为碳纤维布加固钢筋混凝土箱梁抗扭性能的理论研究和工程应用提供了重要的依据。     

纤维增强混凝土对角斜筋小跨高比连梁抗震性能试验研究及受剪承载力分析

为了改善小跨高比连梁的抗震性能,考虑连梁跨高比和对角斜筋配筋率的影响,在课题组前期试验的基础上,在对角斜筋上增设拉筋,制作3个纤维增强混凝土（FRC）对角斜筋小跨高比连梁试件,对其进行拟静力试验,分析连梁的破坏形态、滞回耗能、刚度退化以及延性等抗震性能。基于试验结果及小跨高比连梁的受剪机理,建立连梁受剪承载力计算公式。结果表明,在小跨高比连梁对角斜筋上增设拉筋之后,跨高比为1.25和1.5的连梁,由原来的剪切破坏变为弯曲剪切破坏,并提高了连梁的延性、抗损伤能力和耗能能力;提出的连梁受剪承载力计算公式的计算值与试验值吻合较好。