微波萃取-ICP-AES测定纺织品中的重金属元素

为降低检测成本和缩短检测时间,以微波萃取法提取纺织品中的可萃取重金属元素,并结合ICP-AES测定重金属元素的含量.结果表明,在样品质量为1.0 g,汗液体积20 mL,40℃微波萃取20 min的条件下,各重金属元素的线性相关系数为0.9949～0.9999,方法检出限在0.01～0.17 mg/kg,加标回收率为8...     

Determination of heavy metals in different honey brands from Iranian markets

A variety of elements are present in honey at different concentrations. Although some of these heavy metals and trace elements are useful nutrition, at higher levels they could cause health problems. In order to achieve confidence about food safety, regular monitoring of food quality is necessary. In this study, heavy metals and trace element contents were determined by inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometer in 10 different honey brands from Iranian markets. All heavy metal contents in these samples were within ranges as reported in literature, except for Hg, Al and As. Compared with recommended daily intakes, it is concluded that heavy metals or trace elements intoxication following honey consumption in Iran is unlikely.     

Levels of selected heavy metals in canned tomato paste sold in Ghana

Sixty-one samples of canned tomato paste comprising seven brands originating from three countries and sold in local markets in the Kumasi Metropolis of Ghana were analysed for levels of iron (Fe), zinc (Zn), manganese (Mn), cadmium (Cd) and lead (Pb) by flame atomic absorption spectrophotometry and for levels of mercury (Hg) by direct mercury analyzer. Mean heavy metal concentrations varied by brand, ranging from below the limit of detection (Cd) to a maximum concentration range of 1.68?±?1.63 to 58.6?±?14.5?µg?g?^?1 (Fe). Estimated mean ranges of other heavy metals are 2.06?±?0.62 to 8.52?±?0.68?µg?g?^?1 (Zn), 2.62?±?0.33 to 5.75?±?0.47?µg?g?^?1 (Mn), 0.070?±?0.003 to 0.116?±?0.012?µg?g?^?1 (Pb) and 0.011?±?0.001 to 0.102?±?0.001?µg?g?^?1 (Hg). Assessed metal levels in five brands were below the WHO/FAO permissible levels. Results of the one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) conducted on the data suggested no significant variations (P?>?0.05) in the concentrations of the metals in the same brands of canned tomatoes.     

金属硫蛋白对鲤鱼不同组织重金属蓄积影响的研究

金属硫蛋白(Metallothionein,简MT)能有效地表征水体中重金属对生物的影响,故以MT作为生物标志物,采用ELISA法测定鲤鱼组织中MT的含量,以鲤鱼各组织中MT的含量动态变化来评价在其受重金属胁迫下不同组织对重金属的蓄积规律。探讨鱼体内MT与水环境和体内组织中重金属之间的相关性。对深入研究鱼体自身对重金属的蓄积和净化机制、对不同重金属耐受力、确定污染源及污染程度等具有重要意义。      

2016~2017年北京市售保健食品中重金属监测结果分析与评价

目的 分析保健食品中重金属污染状况, 评价北京市售保健食品重金属铅、总砷、总汞的总体水平。方法 采用国家标准方法, 对2016~2017年北京市售的1397批保健食品进行铅、总砷、总汞含量测定, 采用Excel和SPSS 19.0进行数据统计, 依据GB 16740-2014和产品质量标准判定, 结合产品规格与食用方法, 计算产品中重金属每周摄入量, 用于安全评价。结果 共检测1397批产品, 总合格率为98.5%。铅、总砷、总汞合格率分别为98.9%、99.5%和99.8%; 检出率分别为95.2%、85.5%和50.4%; 5种剂型保健食品中, 3种重金属元素含量均以茶剂最高, 其差异均具有统计学意义(P<0.001); 1批胶囊剂中汞含量超标, 但基本存在于胶囊壳中。筛选出39批婴幼儿保健食品, 重金属含量均符合产品质量标准与国家标准要求。产品铅、总砷、总汞每周摄入量均符合粮农组织和世界卫生组织(FAO/WHO)联合法典委员会要求。结论 2016~2017年北京市售保健食品中重金属整体监测情况良好, 且无蓄积中毒的风险; 茶剂产品的重金属含量较高, 但考虑其冲泡方式的特殊性, 实际重金属摄入量较低; 另发现个别胶囊壳中汞含量超标, 建议加强保健食品辅料、包材中重金属污染情况监测。     

Concentrations of selected metals in candies and chocolates consumed in southern Nigeria

Results are presented for the determination of levels of Ca, Cd, Ni, Cr, Cu, Pb, Mn, Zn Fe, Co and Mg in candies and chocolates consumed in southern Nigeria. Mean concentrations of metals in both confectionaries ranged 7.7–1405.2?µg/g¹ for Ca, <0.001–0.2?µg/g for Cd, 1.4–7.9?µg/g for Ni, 0.4–3.0?µg/g for Cr, <0.08–2.3?µg/g for Pb, 0.4–12.6?µg/g for Mn, 0.6–8.0?µg/g for Zn, 1.7–12.3?µg/g for Fe, <0.05–1.49?µg/g for Co, and 8.4–576.1µg/g for Mg. The data showed that that these metals are not present at harmful levels. Concentrations of nickel and chromium were slightly elevated but were comparable to levels reported in similar food items elsewhere in the world.     

野生食用菌中矿物质和重金属研究概况

食用菌(Edible mushroom)由于其独特的风味和鲜嫩的肉质,在很多国家都被誉为佳肴。野生食用菌富含多糖、维生素和矿物质等,具有抗肿瘤和调节免疫等多种功能,是世界公认的不可多得的高营养兼药膳的\     

块菌中多种重金属及不同形态砷、汞含量分析

目的测定块菌中4种重金属(砷、铅、汞、镉)及无机砷、有机汞含量并进行分析评价。方法采用电感耦合等离子体质谱法(inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry, ICP-MS)检测块菌种总砷、总汞、铅、镉含量,采用液相-原子荧光光谱联用法(liquid chromatography-atomic fluorescence spectrometry, LC-AFS)检测块菌中无机砷、有机汞含量。结果块菌中无机砷和有机汞含量极低,但铅、镉含量较高。铅的含量为0.8282 mg/kg,镉的含量为0.4040 mg/kg。结论块菌作为一种完全生长在地下的大型真菌,具有较高的重金属吸附富集能力,应加强对此类野生菌的重金属污染物监测。     

Heavy metals and essential elements in Italian cereals

Crops intended for human nutrition and food production containing different essential trace elements, such as copper and zinc, could be contaminated by toxic metals like cadmium and lead. The interrelationship between micronutrients and contaminant trace elements in different cereals was investigated in North-western Italy, where both agricultural and industrial activities are present. Elemental concentrations in sampled cereals were assessed by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). Rice, oats and barley reached the highest median levels for Al, Cd and Pb content, while corn samples were less contaminated by toxic metals. Regarding essential elements highest median values of Cu and Zn were both found in barley, while Ni median content was higher in oats. Rice had the lowest median levels of essential elements. The correlation study between toxic and essential elements seemed to demonstrate fixed trends in analysed samples, corroborating the importance of a different diet to limit potential adverse effects caused by toxic elements.     

Aflatoxins and heavy metals in animal feed in Iran

The occurrence of aflatoxin (aflatoxin B₁, aflatoxin B₂, aflatoxin G₁ (AFG₁) and aflatoxin G₂ (AFG₂)) and heavy metal (Pb, Cd, As and Hg) contamination was determined in 40 industrially produced animal feed samples which were collected from the southwest of Iran. The results indicated that 75% of samples were contaminated by four aflatoxins and the level of AFB₁ and sum of aflatoxins were higher than the permissible maximum levels in Iran (5 and 20 µg kg^?1, respectively) in all feed samples. A positive correlation was found between four types of aflatoxins in all the tested samples (p < 0.01) and the positive correlation between AFG₁ and AFG₂ was significant (r² = 0.708). All feed samples had lead concentrations lower than the maximum EU limit, while 5%, 17% and 42.5% of feed samples had As, Cd and Hg concentrations higher than the maximum limits, respectively.     

河北省典型蔬菜产区土壤养分和重金属累积特征及相关性研究

目的了解蔬菜产区土壤养分和重金属累积状况。方法采用田间采样与室内分析相结合的方法,以河北省5个典型蔬菜产区永年、藁城、定州、青县和玉田为研究对象,研究土壤主要养分和重金属累积特征及相关性。结果不同蔬菜产区土壤主要养分和重金属含量均存在明显的差异。参照HJ/T 333-2006《温室蔬菜产地环境质量评价标准》中土壤环境质量评价指标限值,土壤Cd的点位超标率为6.60%,其他元素均不超标。土壤中各重金属含量之间多呈正相关关系。土壤Pb和Hg含量与种植年限均呈正相关关系,随着种植年限的增加,土壤中Pb和Hg的含量明显增加,达到极显著水平(P0.01)。为菜田土壤环境安全考虑,土壤有机质、全氮、全磷和有效磷的环境安全阈值分别确定为30.86、1.99、2.89、0.248g/kg。结论通过对河北省典型蔬菜产区土壤各项土壤养分指标与土壤重金属镉含量间的关系建立数学模型,可以预测土壤主要养分的环境安全阈值。     

辽宁沿海城市海鱼和贝类中重金属含量的测定及评价

经微波消解处理样品,采用石墨炉原子吸收光谱法(GFAAS)测定辽宁沿海城市常见海鱼和贝类中镉、铬、铜、铅、铁、锌六种元素的含量。其相对标准偏差(RSD)0.53%～4.01%,加标回收率90.0%～110.0%。结果表明:不同地区、不同鱼贝种类中重金属的分布存在差异,所检测鱼贝类中铬、铜、锌含量低于国家限量标准,部分样品中镉、铅含量超标,但低于暂定每周可耐受摄入量(PTWI)。因此辽宁沿海城市市售所检测的鱼贝类可食用,但仍有必要降低摄入量。     

壳聚糖及其衍生物脱除贝类中重金属的机理及应用研究进展

海洋重金属污染问题已成为全球关注的热点。因具有较强的重金属富集能力,水产贝类鲜食及其加工产品的重金属超标问题亟待解决。壳聚糖是天然的碱性多糖,具有很强的重金属螯合能力,蕴含量也非常丰富。文章分析壳聚糖及其衍生物用于吸附及脱除重金属的分子结构特征与吸附作用机制;综述其在牡蛎、扇贝等主要经济贝类中的相关研究及应用,强调以生物吸附剂脱除并净化贝类重金属的重要性;对贝类重金属脱除研究提出建议,并展望其应用前景。     

A survey of selected heavy metal concentrations in Wisconsin dairy feeds

Heavy metals such as zinc (Zn), copper (Cu), chromium (Cr), arsenic (As), cadmium (Cd), and lead (Pb) are potential bioaccumulative toxins of the dairy production system. The heavy metal content of dairy feeds, however, remains poorly documented, particularly in the United States. This survey determined the heavy metal content of 203 typical dairy ration components sampled from 54 dairy farms in Wisconsin. Lowest heavy metal concentrations were found in homegrown alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) hay and haylage, and corn (Zea mays L.) grain and silage. Highest metal concentrations were found in purchased feeds, particularly mineral supplements, and to a lesser extent corn- or soybean-based concentrates. Zinc and Cu were found at the highest concentration in complete dairy (total mixed and aggregated component) rations and reflected the deliberate addition of these metals to meet animal nutrient requirements although more than half the farms fed Cu and Zn above US recommended levels. Concentrations of Cr, As, Cd, and Pb were present in much lower concentrations and decreased in the order Cr > As > Pb > Cd. No complete Wisconsin dairy ration contained heavy metal concentrations above US maximum acceptable concentrations and would be unlikely to induce any toxic effects in dairy cattle. Concentrations of Cd in complete dairy rations were closest to US maximum acceptable concentrations, suggesting the greatest potential long-term risk to exceed US maximum acceptable concentrations if whole farm levels of Cd were to increase in the future. With the exception of Pb, the main sources of Zn, Cu, Cr, As, and Cd in the complete dairy feed ration originated from imported feed. The continued importation of heavy metals in dairy feed is likely to be associated with accumulation of these metals in soils where manure is applied. Although the cycling of many heavy metals through the dairy food chain will be limited by factors such as a soil's cation exchange capacity, pH, salinity, and phytotoxicity of the metal, these may be less limiting for Cd. It is important that sources of Cd in the dairy system are identified and minimized to prevent problems associated with Cd accumulation in the dairy soil system arising over the long-term.     

2001—2017年我国部分地区蔬菜中砷和重金属累积特征及膳食暴露风险

目的 探讨我国部分地区蔬菜中砷和重金属的累积特征,并分析潜在膳食暴露风险。方法 搜索论文数据库,收集2001—2017年发表文献中蔬菜铜(Cu)、铅(Pb)、镉(Cd)、铬(Cr)、砷(As)及汞(Hg)含量的数据,分析我国根茎类、叶菜类及茄果类蔬菜中As和重金属的污染特性,并采用美国环保署推荐的健康风险评价模型评估蔬菜中砷和重金属的膳食暴露风险。结果 3类蔬菜中Cu、Pb、Cd、Cr、As和Hg均呈非正态分布,变异系数均<10%。根茎类、叶菜类及茄果类蔬菜中Cd、As、Hg的含量均差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),叶菜类和茄果类蔬菜中Pb-Cr含量差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),但3类蔬菜中Cu含量均差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。根茎类蔬菜中Pb、As和Hg的含量较高,叶菜类蔬菜中Cd含量较高。根茎类和叶菜类蔬菜中Pb-Cd及根茎类蔬菜中Pb-Cr相关性均较强(P<0.01)。3类蔬菜中Cu、Cd、Cr和As污染指数均在安全范围内,而根茎类和叶菜类蔬菜中的Pb和Hg均存在不同程度的污染,但基本属于轻度污染。根茎类和茄果类数值中As和重金属对成人和儿童的风险值均<1.0,但叶菜类蔬菜中Pb对成人和儿童的风险值的第95百分位数分别是1.780和2.020,表明叶菜类蔬菜中的Pb存在潜在的人体非致癌风险。结论 中国蔬菜中Cu、Cd、Cr、As和Hg整体污染较轻,但叶菜类蔬菜中Pb污染应引起重视。     

ICP-AES测定皮革及其制品中的可溶性重金属含量

建立了酸性汗液振荡提取-电感耦合等离子体发射光谱法同时测定皮革及其制品中As、Cd、Cr、Hg、Pb、Sb、Se、Ni等重金属可溶性含量的方法。研究了测试的仪器工作条件及共存离子的干扰等因素。在试验选定的最佳条件下,各元素的线性相关系数均≥0.999,方法检出限在0.010～0.050mg/kg之间,皮革样品中不同浓度加标回收率为95.6%～105.4%,相对标准偏差小于3.8%。本方法准确快速、检测限低、线性范围宽,可同时测定多种元素,可用于测定皮革中可溶性重金属含量。     

不同牧场鲜牛乳中重金属含量的研究

目的 考察4个牧场的生鲜牛乳的重金属污染情况和评估鲜牛乳原料的安全性。方法 采用国家标准检测方法对4个牧区的生牛乳中重金属铬、铅、汞以及金属砷进行检测,其中使用石墨炉原子吸收光谱法测定铅和铬的含量,使用氢化物发生原子荧光光谱法测定总砷含量,使用原子荧光光谱分析法测定总汞的含量。结果 铬含量最高值为DR牧场的0.052 mg/kg,铅含量最高值为YY牧场的6.60 μg/kg,总汞含量最高值为YY牧场的0.83μg/kg,总砷含量范围为 5.10 μg/kg～7.20 μg/kg。结论 实验测得的四种元素含量均远低于安全标准限量值,4个牧场的鲜牛乳未受到重金属污染。     

ICP-AES法测定及分析窖泥中重金属元素

以窖泥为对象,采用电感耦合等离子体发射光谱法快速测定了重金属元素Cd、Pb、Cr、Cu、Zn含量,结果表明：窖泥中Cd、Pb、Cr、Cu、Zn元素含量平均值分别为0.000 7 μg/g、0.011 3 μg/g、0.098 3 μg/g、0.038 5 μg/g、0.910 7 μg/g,其中Pb迁移变化活跃,变异系数达131.85%。窖泥Cd、Pb、Cr、Cu、Zn的单项污染指数值显著低于国标限量水平,各窖池综合污染指数值同样显著低于国标安全评价标准值,表明企业窖泥清洁安全无重金属污染风险。     

Anatomical distribution of heavy metals in the scallop Pecten maximus

This paper studied the anatomical distribution of mercury (Hg), cadmium (Cd), lead (Pb), chromium (Cr), nickel (Ni), arsenic (As), silver (Ag), copper (Cu) and zinc (Zn) in the scallop Pecten maximus and the possible implications in terms of shellfish management. Six organs were analysed: mantle, gills, foot, digestive gland, kidney and gonad. On the basis of their anatomical distribution, two groups of metals were able to be distinguished: the first included Pb, Hg, Ni, Zn and Ag; and the second comprised the four other metals studied. The metals in the first group preferentially accumulated in the kidney (except for Pb), with generally much lower concentrations in the other organs. The metals in the second group accumulated mainly in the digestive gland. As and Cu were included in the second group, but they also had particular inter-organ distribution characteristics. Among the edible organs of the scallop only the adductor muscle contained important proportions of one metal, As (which is very likely accumulated as a non-toxic derivative). A selective evisceration of the metal rich non-edible organs may therefore be considered a reliable measure to be taken with a view to reduce the metal content of scallops used for human consumption. This could be especially relevant for Cd, which is accumulated in high concentrations in the digestive gland.