Two-stage γ ray emission via ultrahigh intensity laser pulse interaction with a laser wakefield accelerated electron beam

In this study, we investigate the generation of twin γ ray beams in the collision of an ultrahigh intensity laser pulse with a laser wakefield accelerated electron beam using a particle-in-cell simulation. We consider the composed target of a homogeneous underdense preplasma in front of an ultrathin solid foil. The electrons in the preplasma are trapped and accelerated by the wakefield. When the laser pulse is reflected by the thin solid foil, the wakefield accelerated electrons continue to move forward and pass through the foil almost without influence from the reflected laser pulse or foil. Consequently, two groups of γ ray flashes, with tunable time delay and energy, are generated by the wakefield accelerated electron beam interacting with the reflected laser pulse from the foil as well as another counter-propagating petawatt laser pulse behind the foil. Additionally, we study the dependence of the γ photon emission on the preplasma densities, driving laser polarization, and solid foil.     

兰州高能电子成像实验平台电子束团长度测量研究

为提高高能电子成像的时间和空间分辨率,实验需低能散、低发射度、短脉冲的高品质束流。本文利用相干渡越辐射能谱分析法测量基于热阴极微波电子枪的高能电子成像用直线加速器的电子束团长度。通过用迈克尔逊干涉仪测量太赫兹辐射能谱,利用自相关曲线拟合法得到电子束团长度。实验结果表明,当束流宏脉冲峰值强度约为24 mA,即电荷量约为15 pC时,电子束团均方根长度约为0723 5 ps。另外,用Kramers Kronig(K K)相位分析法可重建一种可能的电子束团纵向分布。电子束团长度测量的研究可优化束流品质,对后续高能电子成像实验有重要的参考意义。     

HIRFL-CSR束流加速过程的模拟

考虑储存环内离子在纵向相空间的运动特性,模拟了ＨＩＲＦＬ－ＣＳＲ主环内重离子的加速过程。给出了粒子不同时刻在纵向相空间的分布,在给出主磁场的运行模式后,得到高频率频率、同步相位、高频电压、束流长度、动量散度以及粒子能量随时间的变化等主要参数。     

High-energy-density electron beam generation in ultra intense laser-plasma interaction

By using a two-dimensional particle-in-cell simulation,we demonstrate a scheme for highenergy-density electron beam generation by irradiating an ultra intense laser pulse onto an aluminum(Al) target.With the laser having a peak intensity of 4?×?1023W cm~(-2),a high quality electron beam with a maximum density of 117 ncand a kinetic energy density up to8.79?×?1018J m~(-3) is generated.The temperature of the electron beam can be 416 Me V,and the beam divergence is only 7.25°.As the laser peak intensity increases(e.g.,1024 W cm~(-2)),both the beam energy density(3.56?×?1019J m~(-3)) and the temperature(545 Me V) are increased,and the beam collimation is well controlled.The maximum density of the electron beam can even reach 180 nc.Such beams should have potential applications in the areas of antiparticle generation,laboratory astrophysics,etc.     

Vacuum protection system using an interlocked fast-closing valvefor a high-power wiggler beam line

The finite-element method was used to calculate a rise in temperature at a fast-closing valve (FCV) blade during exposure to intense synchrotron radiation from a 53-pole wiggler at the 2.5-GeV Photon Factory storage ring. The results indicate a possible meltdown of the titanium-alloy blade within 0.1 s at a maximum beam current of 500 mA, making the vacuum protection function of the FCV ineffective for an instantaneous vacuum failure downstream of the wiggler beam line. In order to prevent the blade from melting, the FCV control system has been interlocked with RF klystrons so as to initiate blade closure after dumping the electron beam by turning off the RF power. Performance tests have shown that the system could dump the electron beam within 95 μs and then close the blade within 12.4 ms after being triggered     

The Electron Trajectory in a Relativistic Femtosecond Laser Pulse

In this report, we start from Lagrange equation and analyze theoretically the electron dynamics in electromagnetic field. By solving the relativistic government equations of electron, the trajectories of an electron in plane laser pulse, focused laser pulse have been given for different initial conditions. The electron trajectory is determined by its initial momentum, the amplitude, spot size and polarization of the laser pulse. The optimum initial momentum of the electron for LSS （laser synchrotron source） is obtained. Linear polarized laser is more advantaged than circular polarized laser for generating harmonic radiation.     

Simulation study of transverse optical klystron radiation

The radiation from a transverse optical klystron(TOK) is calculated by far field approximation and numerical integration,in which the effects of electron-beam emittance and energy spread are considered.Accurate electron-beam profiles have been experimentally determined and modeled by the Monte Carlo method.The calculated spectra illustrate the emittance of Hefei storage ring imposes on the spontaneous radiation of TOK.     

Energy-spread measurement of triple-pulse electron beams based on the magnetic dispersion principle

The method of energy dispersion in magnetic field is used to analyze the energy spread of the triple-pulse electron beam generated by the Dragon-II linear induction accelerator.A sector magnet is applied for energy analysis of the electron beam,with a bending radius of 300 mm and a deflection angle of 90°.For each pulse,the time-resolved and integral images of the electron position at the output port of beam-bending line are recorded by a streak camera and a CCD camera,respectively.Experimental results demonstrate an energy spread of less than ±2.0%for the electron pulses.The cavity voltage waveforms obtained by different detectors are also analyzed for comparison.     

光学渡越辐射在电子束能谱测量上的应用

论述了用光学渡越辐射对强流短脉冲束团的能谱进行测量的理论和方法。探讨了利用单膜装置、双膜装置或多膜装置产生的光学渡越辐射进行束流能谱测量的方法，并针对２０ＭｅＶ电子感应直线加速器能散为０．５％的电子束能谱测量作了一些计算以得到部分装置的设计参数。计算表明：应用渡越光栅谱仪选择合适的膜片厚度及间距，对于给定的电子能谱，可以得到大的能量接受度和好的能量分辨率。然而，要用大量的膜片是困难的，而且还有许多影响多膜渡越辐射能谱仪的实际问题需要讨论。     

Improvements in time resolution and signal-to-noise ratio in a compact pico-second pulse radiolysis system

A compact pico-second pulse radiolysis system has been developing at Waseda University for studying primary processes in radiation chemistry. The system is composed of a photo-injector system and a pico-second all-solid-state laser system. An infrared (IR) and an ultraviolet (UV) laser pulses are obtained from mode-locked Nd:YLF laser system and used for generation of the white light continuum as a probe light and the irradiation to the Cu cathode of a photo-cathode RF-gun, respectively. To improve signal-to-noise (S/N) ratio and time resolution of this pulse radiolysis system, we optimized both probe light and pump electron beam. As a result, our pico-second pulse radiolysis system has been enough to study the primary processes of radiation chemistry. The experimental results and the improvements of our system are described in this paper.     

Performance and operation modes of the Duke FEL storage ring

We present the recent status and performance of the Duke Free Electron Laser (FEL) storage ring. We report a large transverse and energy aperture observed in the storage ring. We describe the consequences of this large aperture on the operation of the storage ring. Several unusual phenomena are reported in this paper, including large amplitude transverse multibunch coherent oscillations (Saturn rings) and beam capture from outside the RF separatrix. We also present the established operation modes for the storage ring, including energy ramping, working point tuning, and different bunch-mode operations to optimize the ring as a synchrotron light source, an FEL, and a gamma-ray source. Finally, we summarize the achieved storage ring parameters since its first operation in November 1994     

Study of electron transport in a compact storage ring after interaction with target materials

A compact electron storage ring has been studied with tools for 3D electromagnetic field simulation. To produce an intense hard X-ray beam, the electrons interact with a target inside the system. If the impact on the electron trajectory after interaction is small, it is possible to reuse the electron several times as in a conventional synchrotron storage ring. We tracked the electrons in the 3D electromagnetic fields of the storage ring. From our numerical experiments we can determine the maximum thickness of the target materials.     

Simulating gamma-ray energy resolution in scintillators due to electron-hole pair statistics

The best-possible limit to gamma-ray energy resolution in scintillators is given by the statistics of the number of electron-hole pairs produced by an incident gamma-ray, characterized by the Fano factor. The Fano factor is primarily controlled by the inelastic scattering during the electron cascade, which could be modeled by Monte Carlo simulation. Commonly used radiation transport codes do not follow the electrons to low enough energies to calculate electron-hole pair distributions. A Monte Carlo simulation for inelastic electron scattering is introduced based on cross-sections derived from data measured by Electron Energy-Loss Spectroscopy (EELS) for fast electrons. This inelastic scattering model was incorporated into the radiation transport code Penelope so that it could accurately count the number of electron-hole pairs produced by a gamma-ray. The Fano factor was calculated for the scintillators cerium fluoride (CeF₃) and lutetium oxyorthosilicate (Lu₂SiO₅).     

Two-colored Laser Circulation System for Monochromatic Tunable Hard X-ray Source

A two-colored laser pulse circulation system for a monochromatic tunable hard X-ray source via laser electron Compton scattering is investigated. The demonstration system of the X-ray source is under construction at the University of Tokyo. It consists of the X-band (11.424 GHz) electron linear accelerator and two Nd: YAG laser systems. The main advantage of this system is a monochromatic tunable hard X-ray. It is calculated that the X-ray intensity will be about 10⁸ photons/s. In order to enhance the X-ray intensity for medical applications such as dual energy X-ray CT, a two-colored laser pulse circulation system has been designed. The laser pulse circulation experiment without an electron beam has been carried out by using a Nd: YAG laser fundamental wave (50 mJ) and a second harmonics wave (25 mJ). The result shows that the X-ray intensity can be enhanced by a factor of 10 times higher (i.e., up to 10⁹ photons/s). This work is a part of the JST (Japan Science and Technology Agency) project. The entire X-ray source system is a part of a larger national project on the development of an advanced compact medical accelerator sponsored by the NIRS (National Institute for Radiological Science). The University of Tokyo and KEK are responsible for the X-ray source.     

计算脉冲电子束辐照下能量沉积剖面的新方案

脉冲电子束辐照材料试验研究中,束流电子具有不同的速度和角度分布。但数值模拟计算一般都考虑电子束垂直入射靶材料,这可能导致数值计算结果与试验结果不符。针对该问题,提出了一种计算电子束辐照下能量沉积剖面的新方案,利用MCNP(Monte Carlo N Particle Transport Code)软件对铝、铜、钽金属材料在电子束辐照下的能量沉积进行模拟,分析了电子束垂直入射与带有角度分布入射时能量沉积的差异,为解释电子束辐照试验测量数据与理论计算结果之间的差异提供了依据。     

Optical measurements and analytical modeling of magnetic field generated in a dieletric target

Polarization rotation of a probe pulse by the target is observed with the Faraday rotation method in the interaction of an intense laser pulse with a solid target.The rotation of the polarization plane of the probe pulse may result from a combined action of fused silica and diffused electrons.After the irradiation of the main pulse,the rotation angle changed significantly and lasted ～2 ps.These phenomena may imply a persistent magnetic field inside the target.An analytical model is developed to explain the experimental observation.The model indicates that a strong toroidal magnetic field is induced by an energetic electron beam.Meanwhile,an ionization channel is observed in the shadowgraph and extends at the speed of light after the irradiation of the main beam.The formation of this ionization channel is complex,and a simple explanation is given.     

Neutronics physics analysis of a large fluoride-salt-cooled solid-fuel fast reactor with Th-based fuel

A synchrotron radiation source called TURKAY is proposed as a sub-project of the Turkish Accelerator Center Project. The storage ring of TURKAY is a low emittance synchrotron and the radiation ranges between 0.01 and 60 keV can be generated from the insertion devices and bending magnets placed on it. The injector system of the facility will mainly consist of a 150 MeV linac and full energy booster. In this study, we present design considerations and beam dynamics studies of the pre-injector linac and booster ring for TURKAY.     

Improving Touschek lifetime and synchrotron frequency spread by passive harmonic cavity in the storage ring of SSRF

Beam lifetime of a synchrotron is dominated by Touschek scattering.In the beamline Phase Ⅱ project of Shanghai synchrotron radiation facility,a passive third harmonic cavity is to be installed for bunch lengthening and instability suppressing.In this paper,the beam dynamics of the cavity is investigated.The parameters of passive operation are optimized to cancel the slope of RF voltage and lengthen the bunches.The Touschek lifetime increases are estimated for optimum and non-optimum voltage flattening.A tolerance of the operation is studied in case that there is a shift on detuning angle.The effect caused by reduction in harmonic voltage generated by lengthened bunch distribution is also estimated using iteration method.An increase in synchrotron frequency spread due to nonlinearity of the voltage giving to the bunch is found by using tracking simulation.This spread can help in damping coupled bunch instability through Landau damping.     

Study of possibilities for a spin flip in high energy electron ring HERA

In a high energy electron ring the spins of electrons become spontaneously polarized via the emission of spin-flip synchrotron radiation. By employing a radio frequency radial dipole field kicker, particle spin directions can be rotated slowly over many turns. A model which couples three dimensional spin motion and longitudinal particle motion was constructed to describe nonequilibrium spin dynamics in high energy electron storage rings. The effects of a stochastic synchrotron radiation on the orbital motion in the accelerator synchrotron plane and its influence on the spin motion are studied. The main contributions to the spin motion, the synchrotron oscillations and the stochastic synchrotron radiation, have different influence on the spin polarization reversal in different regions of the parameter space. The results indicate that polarization reversal might be obtained in high energy electron storage rings with a significant noise even with relatively small strengths of a perturbing magnetic field. The only experimental datum available agrees with the model prediction, however further experimental data would be necessary to validate the model.     

高能同步辐射光源低能束流输运线设计研究

高能同步辐射光源（HEPS）是计划在北京建造的发射度小于60 pm•rad的超低发射度光源。它由1台500 MeV直线加速器、1条500 MeV低能束流输运线、1台500 MeV～6 GeV的能量增强器、2条6 GeV的高能束流输运线、1台6 GeV的储存环以及同步辐射光束线和实验站组成。本文进行低能束流输运线的设计研究。低能束流输运线是连接直线加速器和增强器的束流传输线,在考虑建设布局限制的基础上,对两端的束流包络进行匹配,并将直线加速器产生的束流高效传输到增强器注入点。HEPS低能束流输运线设计时采用了功能分区的设计策略,设计有3个功能区,分别是消色散注入匹配区、光学参数匹配区、输出匹配区。为校正误差对束流的影响,HEPS低能束流输运线设置了8个BPM,水平和垂直各6块校正磁铁用于束流轨道校正,校正后的轨道满足束流传输要求。