超大承载力端板连接节点有限元分析和设计方法

超大承载力端板连接节点能够提供比普通构造的端板连接节点和大承载力端板连接节点更大的抗弯承载力,可以应用于大跨或重载钢结构中。由于超大承载力端板连接节点的螺栓拉力分布不均匀、端板受力状态复杂,现有的端板连接节点设计方法不能直接应用。此文建立超大承载力端板连接节点的有限元模型,通过已有试验验证模型的可靠性|利用有限元模型分析单调荷载下超大承载力端板连接节点的受力性能,提出弯矩作用下受拉区端板的屈服线模型和受拉区螺栓承担拉力的分布模型。在所提模型的基础上基于我国规范提出超大承载力端板连接节点的抗弯承载力设计方法。比较所提设计方法得到的节点抗弯承载力设计值与有限元得到的屈服承载力,在我国规范规定的高强度螺栓受拉极限状态条件下所提方法得到的设计结果偏于安全。     

超大承载力端板连接节点试验研究

在大跨或重载钢结构中,当梁柱之间需要采用螺栓连接时,如果普通构造的端板连接节点和大承载力端板连接节点不能满足承载力要求,则需要采用受拉区布置12颗或16颗螺栓的超大承载力端板连接节点。为研究该类型节点受力性能,进行4个超大承载力端板连接节点足尺试件的单调加载试验,得到各节点试件的弯矩-转角曲线,分析不同螺栓直径、端板厚度和螺栓布置形式下各节点的抗弯承载力、转动刚度和受拉区螺栓拉应变增量分布的特点。结果表明,在试验试件构造条件下超大承载力端板连接节点的弯曲失效模式为端板屈服后螺栓失效,端板厚度对节点承载力影响明显;各螺栓的拉应变增量分布不均匀,角部螺栓对节点抗弯承载力影响较小,建议在设计中移除或仅按抗剪螺栓考虑;建议节点域屈服承载力仍按照现行规范计算,该类节点的等效受拉螺栓数量取为7。     

端板连接高强度螺栓群中和轴位置研究

为研究端板连接中高强度螺栓群的中和轴位置变化,对门式刚架外伸式端板连接进行了试验研究与理论计算.试验采用4种梁截面尺寸,选择端板厚度和端板加劲肋作为研究参数,对12个试件进行了单调加载试验,通过在螺栓杆无螺纹区开槽粘贴应变片测量了端板螺栓力的变化情况.理论计算系建立带弹性支座的连续梁模型模拟端板连接,将模型计算结果与试验结果比较分析,结果表明：加载过程中,螺栓群中和轴逐渐从其形心轴向受压区移动,但不超过受压翼缘内侧螺栓中心线;极限状态下,受拉翼缘和端板可简化为等效T型件.根据理论模型,进行了简单的参数分析,研究了撬力、端板厚度和螺栓排列等对连接性能的影响.最后结合试验结果及理论计算,对现有计算方法进行了评价.     

浅谈半刚性端板连接的撬力研究

对钢结构半刚性端板连接——外伸端板高强螺栓节点连接的计算方法进行了探讨,重点介绍了目前国内外对端板连接中关于撬力影响的研究情况,了解了外伸端板螺栓连接设计的一种实用计算方法。     

梁柱端板连接节点的初始转动刚度计算模型

首先利用分解法建立了梁柱螺栓端板连接节点的力学模型 ,然后基于梁板理论给出了节点初始转动刚度的解析公式。公式综合考虑了端板变形、柱翼缘以及螺栓对初始转动刚度的贡献 ,可方便地推广于平端板和外伸加劲端板连接初始转动刚度的计算。公式计算结果和试验结果以及有限元分析结果作了对比 ,吻合较好。同时给出了便于工程设计的简化公式。     

钢梁-钢筋混凝土柱单剪板连接节点约束弯矩试验研究

钢梁与混凝土柱单剪板连接节点形式简单、施工方便。在单剪板节点结构设计中,通常把该类节点简化成铰接节点,认为其只传递剪力和轴力,忽略梁端弯矩的作用,从而高估了预埋件的承载能力,给结构留下了安全隐患。为了研究单剪板连接节点的受力性能,对3个不同螺栓布置的钢梁-钢筋混凝土柱单剪板连接节点进行了静力加载试验,研究了螺栓数量、螺栓直径等因素对试件破坏模式、荷载-挠度曲线和约束弯矩的影响。结果表明：钢梁-钢筋混凝土柱单剪板连接节点的约束弯矩随螺栓群惯性矩的增大而增大;试件的承载力和刚度受高强螺栓布置数量的影响较大,受螺栓直径的影响较小。在试验研究的基础上,建立了单剪板连接节点的受力简化模型,根据模型给出了约束弯矩计算方法和弹性阶段节点折算偏心距计算公式,其计算结果与试验结果吻合较好。     

Seismic strengthening of weak bolted end plate connections using welded haunches

Bolted steel connections have been frequently used after Northridge earthquake. Among the concerns regarding the poor performance of weak connections is the ability to effectively and economically rehabilitate steel moment connections in existing buildings. Strengthening of these connections without the need for changing or replacing their components is a problem that has been recently considered by engineers. This study develops and experimentally validates an innovative technique for enhancing the seismic performance of steel beam to column moment connections. The use of haunch as a way to rehabilitate end plate bolted connections with weak end plate or bolts is studied constructing 6 experimental specimens of corner connections under SAC (Structural Engineers Association of California) cyclic loading protocol. The results of the study show that this strengthening method improves the cyclic behavior of the weak connections. Besides, it provides specimens with better performance than that of the reference connection designed according to AISC. The moment capacity, initial rotational stiffness and energy dissipation of the rehabilitated connections are averagely higher than those of the reference connection by 25, 10 and 12 percent respectively. Moreover, the failure potential in the connection is reduced because the plastic hinge is kept away from connection region and is transferred to the haunch end. It should be noted that this strengthening method is more efficient for cyclic behavior of a bolted connections with weak end-plate than a bolted connection with weak bolts, since the moment capacity is more increased.

     

梁柱端板连接节点的滞回性能试验研究

为了研究钢框架中梁柱端板连接节点的滞回性能,本文进行了8个节点试件的循环加载试验,其中有7个试件的柱端施加了轴向压力,4个端板设置了加劲肋。试验结果表明:端板连接具有良好的延性和耗能能力,节点的转角都超过了0.03rad;端板刚度是影响节点滞回性能和极限承载力的决定性因素;端板较薄时,端板加劲肋不但可以显著提高端板刚度,而且可以延缓梁翼缘与端板间焊缝的开裂,有效提高承载力,减小撬力。最后根据试验结果提出了设计和施工建议。     

高强度螺栓应变松弛的长时间试验监测

针对钢结构端板连接中高强度螺栓的应变松弛问题,对8个试件中的31个高强度螺栓的预拉应变进行了45h以上的长时间监测。对高强度螺栓终拧后预拉力随时间变化规律进行了对比,计算了预拉力松弛最终值,由此对钢结构端板连接中高强度螺栓预拉力及其设计值提出了建议。     

门式刚架轻型房屋钢结构端板连接的有限元与试验分析

结合门式刚架轻型房屋钢结构中普遍应用的端板连接方式 ,本文对梁柱节点和梁拼接节点进行了试验和有限元分析 ,对外伸式端板连接的承载力和转动刚度特性进行了研究 ,讨论了我国现行规范关于外伸式端板连接的设计方法中存在的问题 ,同时给出了改进建议 ,特别是提出了在建立钢结构节点刚度分类标准方面应该注意的问题。根据比较分析的结果 ,本文还提出了一种新的外伸式端板连接螺栓拉力分布模型及相应的设计方法 ,试验证明 ,该方法在保证安全可靠的前提下 ,能够更好地符合螺栓端板连接的实际受力状态 ,发挥螺栓和端板的承载能力     

Q690高强钢端板连接梁柱节点抗震性能试验研究

对3个齐平式端板螺栓连接节点试件进行低周反复荷载试验,其中1个为普通钢端板节点试件,另2个为Q690高强钢端板节点试件。通过改变端板和柱的尺寸与材料,得到普通钢与高强钢端板节点、刚性柱和非刚性柱节点的性能差别,并与欧洲规范EC3的计算结果进行对比。结果表明：Q690高强钢端板节点的受弯承载能力比Q345钢端板节点高30%,但因其端板弹性变形能力较强,易于导致螺栓破坏,因此,需提高螺栓的承载力以提高其延性;刚性柱节点的受弯承载能力与非刚性柱节点基本相同,但其转动能力、延性、耗能能力等抗震性能明显优于非刚性柱节点;EC3组件法普通钢节点承载能力的预测公式可直接用于高强钢端板节点,但转动刚度及破坏模式的预测方法并不适用于高强钢端板节点。     

箱形节点域外伸端板弱轴连接的滞回性能研究

提出了一种适用于H形柱的箱形节点域外伸端板弱轴连接,利用有限元软件ABAQUS对8个不同构造形式的端板连接进行了研究,分析了节点的破坏形式、弯矩 转角滞回曲线、承载能力及转动能力等。结果表明:8个不同构造形式的端板连接均为半刚性节点;在循环荷载作用下,箱形节点域端板连接节点的破坏均出现在端板上,而柱子节点域基本完好;当层间位移角为0.04 rad时,各节点的承载力均大于0.8倍钢梁全截面塑性弯矩;端板外伸加劲肋的设置使节点的极限承载力提高10%左右,但耗能能力却下降了4%,建议外伸端板不另设加劲肋;端板厚度为16 mm,即与蒙皮板厚度相差较小时,节点的承载能力、耗能能力较好;提升端板材性能提高节点承载能力,但端板材性提升过大反而会降低节点耗能能力,建议端板材性只提高1个等级。     

Numerical study on seismic behaviors of steel frame end-plate connections

In order to study the seismic behaviors of steel frame end-plate connections, an efficient and accurate finite element model of ABAQUS was established subjected to cyclic loadings. Element types, material cyclic constitutive models and contact models for bolts, end plate and members were described. Geometry and material nonlinearity were adequately considered. The simulated results of numerical models were verified by typical quasi-static tests of end-plate connections, including both hysteretic curves and failure modes. It provided a strong tool for investigating the performances of this kind of connection. Based on the verified models, connections with different connection methods were established to investigate the effect of connection methods on behaviors of connections, including fully welded connection, extended end-plate connection and flush end-plate connection. The carrying capacity, initial stiffness, hysteretic behaviors, degraded characteristics, fracture tendency index, failure modes and energy dissipation capacity were compared and discussed in depth. The results showed that: If the beam and column are reliably connected, the extended end-plate connection can obtain the same ultimate carrying capacity and initial stiffness (monotonic behaviors) as the welded connection, however, their hysteretic curves, degradation developing curves, and fracture tendency were quite different. It indicated that the connection methods could significantly affect the cyclic behaviors. The stiffeners of end-plate connection could be treated as the first defense of connection, effectively changing the failure mode and avoiding brittle fracture. Therefore, in the high seismic zones, hysteretic behaviors, failure modes and seismic ductility should be taken into account comprehensively to choose the appropriate connection methods.     

Comparison of bolted end plate and T-stub connections sensitivity to bolt diameter on cyclic behavior

Considering the construction limitations, proper and correct design of connections is vital and of great importance. At the construction stage, it is probable to use a connection bolt with a diameter less than the design assumptions. It can occur due to an imperfection in construction or even to changes in the function of the building. The unforeseen changes can increase the structural load, and consequently the moment and shear force demand values. Therefore, the present paper is aimed to examine the sensitivity of the bolted connections to the diameter of bolts using a numerical method. The results show that bolted T-stub connections are more sensitive to bolt diameter than end plate connections. Hence, the bolted end plate connections are recommended where the imperfection in construction or changes in function of the building is probable. Moreover, in construction of bolted connections, if changing the number of bolts regarding the constant total cross sectional area is considered, it is recommended to use the symmetric arrangement of bolts on each beam flange. In design of connections for a particular frame according to AISC, the moment capacity of T-stub connection is higher than that of end plate connection. However, the total energy absorptions of these connection types are approximately equal.     

钢结构端板连接高强度螺栓几种施拧顺序的对比研究

针对钢结构端板连接中高强度螺栓的施拧顺序对螺栓预紧力的影响,对8个试件有针对性地采用3类不同的施拧顺序对高强度螺栓进行施拧,以进行对比研究。根据试验结果及分析,对钢结构端板连接中高强度螺栓施拧顺序提出了建议。     

Development of moment-rotation model equations for flush end-plate connections

This paper presents the development of Ramberg-Osgood and Three-Parameter Power model prediction equations for the moment-rotation (M-θ) behavior of flush end-plate connections with one row of bolts below tension and compression flanges. A finite element model (FEM) of the connection region along with the connected beam and column is developed for load deformation analyses, which included material, geometric, and contact nonlinearities. The FEM model was verified with test results conducted and reported for flush end-plate connections in the literature during the 1980s. A matrix of test cases was obtained by varying the geometric variables of flush end-plate connections within their practical ranges. The connection M-θ data for these test cases were obtained by FEM analyses, which were then curve fitted to Ramberg-Osgood and Three-Parameter Power model equations to obtain parameters defining these equations. Finally, prediction equations were developed for parameters of the model equations as functions of geometric variables of the flush end-plate connections.     

Investigation of the ConXL moment connection cyclic behavior in box columns without filling concrete with different arrangement of collar bolts

The aim of this study was to study numerically the seismic behavior of ConXL connection without filler concrete of columns and reduce the number of collar bolts with different arrangement. For this purpose, to verify the modeling and analyzing, we compared the numerical results of specimens (reduced beam section, end plate and Kaiser bolted bracket (KBB) connections) with the experimental results and observed a good agreement. Afterward, 18 specimens of ConXL moment connections in box columns not filled with concrete with axial force in single, planar and bi‐axial loading conditions with different arrangement of bolts were studied, and their performances were evaluated. Results show that seismic behavior of specimens with beam section depth less than W30 series under cyclic loading, even with reduces of number of bolts to 16 numbers, are suitable in the over 0.04 rad rotations. In addition, the use of 16 bolts in W30 series beams connections is suitable provided they are used in the corner connections (with single sided loading) and the material specifications ASTM‐A36 are used for the beams. Moreover, the closer the position of bolts related to the outer side of collar flange, the more axial strain of bolts shank and the lesser slippage. The most optimum of bolt position is the surface middle of the collar flange and collar corner. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

半刚性端板节点在循环荷载作用下的非线性有限元分析

运用有限元数值分析软件ABAQUS建立半刚性端板节点模型,对其在循环荷载作用下进行非线性有限元分析,并与相应的试验结果进行了比较验证.结果表明:用ABAQUS建立的有限元模型能够准确地模拟端板节点在循环荷载作用下的整体受力性能,为进一步运用该模型对各种不同形式和构造的端板节点进行全面的有限元非线性参数分析计算提供了正确依据.并分析得出了端板厚度、螺栓直径、螺栓布置、端板加劲肋等因素对端板节点承载力、极限转动能力、耗能能力和延性的影响特性,为半刚性端板节点的抗震设计提供了参考依据.     

高强螺栓外伸端板连接受力性能分析

分析高强螺栓外伸端板连接中,端板厚度、螺栓直径、节点域加劲肋、端板加劲肋等对高强螺栓拉力分布和承载力的影响.分析结果表明:1)随着外伸端板厚度增加,高强螺栓受到的拉力减小,当端板厚度较薄时,由于板件变形产生的附加撬力使高强螺栓受到的拉力增大,进一步证明了高强螺栓受拉连接中撬力的存在以及对其产生的不利影响;2)外伸端板受...     

Design moment of shear connections at the ultimate limit state

Shear connections develop moment under the rotational demand imposed on them by the supported beam. This paper proposes a semi-analytical approach for computing the moment of single-angle, double-angle and end-plate shear connections corresponding to the strength limit state of their supported beam. The connection moment equations are derived based on the observed yieldline mechanisms from various experimental tests on the shear connections. The approach takes into account major parameters such as connection plate thickness, angle length, bolt gauge and steel yield strength. The obtained equations can also be used to estimate the compression zone depth and tension zone force. Good agreement between the theoretical analysis results and the various test data is demonstrated. Finally, suggestions are given for applying the approach to design shear connections.