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固态氚增殖剂研究进展 总被引:2,自引:1,他引:1
增殖包层作为实现可控核聚变燃料"自持"的关键,不仅能实现氚的增殖,而且起着能量转换的作用,氚增殖剂是其中最重要的功能材料。本文从材料体系的制备、性能以及改性总结了固态氚增殖剂的发展趋势。同时,基于当前的研究现状对固态氚增殖剂的发展进行了展望。 相似文献
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《Journal of Nuclear Science and Technology》2013,50(7):511-514
The paper presents the advanced concept of a long-life small light water reactor in which the fuel irradiation time is comparable with reactor life-time. The equilibrium analysis reveals that the U-Np-Pu fuel with unique neutronic properties allows to keep sufficient criticality up to burnup value about 140GWd/tHM. The fuel recycle does not lead to additional Pu accumulation. Both Pu and Np are well protected against un-controlled proliferation by a large fraction of 238Pu in their mixture. To improve the reactor safety, the wider fuel pin lattice was applied. The radiation damage of structural materials is within the stainless steel limitation. 相似文献
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正硅酸锂材料锂密度高、释氚性能好,是国际热核聚变实验堆(ITER)主要的候选氚增殖剂材料.通过异质元素掺杂,形成固溶体结构,可提高陶瓷抗压强度.本研究采用固相法合成陶瓷粉体,通过熔融喷雾工艺制备获得密度高、球形度好的Li4 Tix Si1-x O4固溶体陶瓷小球.Ti原子固溶可以改善陶瓷微观结构,提升力学性能.研究结果... 相似文献
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Mustafa Übeyli 《Journal of Fusion Energy》2006,25(1-2):99-106
Tritium breeding ratio (TBR) is one of the important parameters in design of a Deuterium–Tritium (DT) driven hybrid reactor. Therefore, selection of tritium breeder materials to be used in the blanket is very crucial. In this study, tritium breeding potential of the solid breeders, namely,
or
in a (DT) fusion driven hybrid reactor fuelled with
or
was investigated. For this purpose in addition to these solid breeders, different types of liquid breeders, namely natural lithium, Flibe, Flinabe and
were used to examine the tritium breeding behavior of liquid–solid breeder couple combinations. Numerical calculations were carried out by using Scale 4.3. According to numerical results, the blanket with
fuel using natural lithium as coolant and
as solid breeder had the highest TBR value. 相似文献
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《Journal of Nuclear Science and Technology》2013,50(6):661-669
In the fuel cycle system of the ITER, a large fraction of tritium inventory is expected to be in the cryogenic distillation columns of the hydrogen isotope separation system (ISS). Therefore, the numerical estimation method of hydrogen isotopes inventory in the ISS with high precision is strongly required from safety point of view. Two series of experiments were performed to establish the numerical estimation method of the overall hydrogen isotope inventory in the ISS at steady state using ITER-scale large cryogenic distillation columns at the Tritium Systems Test Assembly in the Los Alamos National Laboratory under the US-Japan collaboration on tritium safety engineering. As a result of experiments, it was confirmed that the hydrogen isotope inventory in a cryogenic distillation column was estimated by the numerical estimation method proposed in this work with enough high precision from the engineering point of view, and it was proved that this method was applied for the ITER-scale cryogenic distillation columns. The precision of this estimation method was found to be almost independent on the composition profile in columns, and especially the liquid holdup ratio of deuterium to the volume of the column was less influential in the inner diameter of the packed section. In addition, the gaseous inventory in an ITER-scale cryogenic distillation column was found to have considerable impact on the total amount of holdup of the column. 相似文献
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为了分析TBM TES室内通风是否能在手套箱发生氚泄漏时控制室内氚浓度在安全剂量值,采用Fluent对手套箱的氚泄漏和扩散进行模拟,得到不同通风下手套箱泄漏时的氚泄漏速率以及室内氚浓度分布,并对比分析了模拟数据与理论数据。结果表明TES手套箱泄漏速率为1.41×10~(-5)g/s和1.02×10~(-5)g/s时,分别为5次/h和8次/h的换气通风能控制室内氚浓度在安全剂量值2.0×10~(10)Bq/m~3内;而氚泄漏速率为1.56×10~(-5)g/s时,3次/h的换气通风不能控制室内氚浓度在安全剂量值内;模拟结果与理论结果相一致。结果为TES通风除氚设计提供了理论依据。 相似文献
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《Journal of Nuclear Science and Technology》2013,50(12):959-961
Albedo-Sn method was developed to predict the angular flux near the coupling boundary in the bootstrap method, using the energy-and-angle dependent double differential albedo boundary condition. In order to verify the applicability of the method to the reactor shielding design, two types of shielding problem have been analyzed. First, the neutron skyshine dose rates measured at the YAYOI reactor in University of Tokyo are predicted within an accuracy of 20%. It is also found that the neutron spectrum in the air-over-ground is much affected by albedo reflection from the ground and is reproduced well by the albedo-Sn method. Second, as for the neutron streaming through a sodium pipe chase-way, the albedo-Sn calculation saves a computer time and gives the results which agree with those by the reference Sn calculation. 相似文献
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氦冷固态增殖包层是中国聚变工程实验堆(CFETR)的3种候选包层概念之一,氚增殖球床是包层的核心部件,采用硅酸锂颗粒作为氚增殖材料。球床结构对氚在球床内的输运行为及流动和传热均有重要影响。本文基于离散单元法(DEM)生成了满足氚增殖球床填充率要求的随机堆积结构,通过CFD计算获取了球床结构下氚在吹扫气体内的等效扩散系数及吹扫气体的流动特性,包括速度分布、压力分布及进出口压降;开展了外加热流及有内热源两种工况下球床等效导热系数的模拟。计算结果表明,球床结构下氚在吹扫气体内的等效扩散系数为二元气体扩散系数的40%;受球床结构影响,球床内存在流动迟滞区,壁面出现流动加速;拟合得到Ergun方程的黏性阻力系数C1=87;有内热源工况下的球床等效导热系数低于外加热流工况下的球床等效导热系数。 相似文献
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《Journal of Nuclear Science and Technology》2013,50(8):732-738
A method was proposed previously for collection and measurement of tritiated moisture in gas stream using P2O5-desiccant. Influences of the gas humidity, the gas flow rate and the distance between gas nozzle and P2O5-desiccant layer surface on the moisture collection efficiency have been examined through experiments, and the isotope effect on the collection has been investigated. The collection efficiency is the ratio of collected to supplied moisture, and the moisture supplying rate is in proportion to the humidity and flow rate of feed gas. The experiments show that; the collection efficiency does not depend on the gas humidity, but is affected by the gas flow rate and by the nozzle-layer distance. The effects of the flow rate and the nozzle position are related to the mass transfer distance from the bulk of gas stream to the desiccant layer surface in the collection cell. The moisture collecting rate is promoted by the approach of the gas stream to the layer surface. An expression of effective separation factor has been derived to explain the isotope effect on the moisture collection. Experimental data distribution of the separation factor have been reasonably simulated by the analysis. 相似文献
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《Journal of Nuclear Science and Technology》2013,50(10):741-749
The deuterium exchange reaction between hydrogen and water in the gas phase where the fed hydrogen gas is saturated with water vapor is studied experimentally by use of the proper hydrophobic catalysts supporting platinum. It is found that the activities of those catalysts for this reaction system are very high compared with the other known ones for the systems in which gas and liquid should coexist on catalyst surfaces, and that the apparent catalytic activity becomes larger as the amount of platimun supported on a catalyst particle increases. By analyses of the data the following informations are obtained. The exchange reaction can be expressed by a first order reversible reaction kinetics. The pore diffusion in the catalyst particles has significant effect on the overall reaction mechanisms. 相似文献
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《Journal of Nuclear Science and Technology》2013,50(10):896-904
A two-dimensional axisymmetric convectional flow field of an isotope separating thermal diffusion column with continuous feed and draw-offs is analyzed through the Newton iterative numerical solution of the equations of change without the Boussinesq approximation. Computations are performed for Ar gas within an inner hot radius of 0.2 mm and an outer cold radius of 5 mm, between which the temperature differs by 300 K. The rate of feed F, supplied into the middle point of the column, is varied from 1 to 5 cm3/s, while the cut θ, or the ratio of the upper drawing-off to feeding rates, from 0.1 to 0.9. Comparison of flow vectors, temperature and density profiles among various sets of (F, θ) makes it clear that the flow fields agree with one another for the same value of the total transport; that is, θFpc (pc: feed gas density) in the upper section and -(1-θ)pc in the lower section of the column. Observations on the mass flow vectors near the feed slit lead to the finding that the multiplicative effect of separation cannot be expected in the column with the inner radius rc of 5 mm at the feed rate F exceeding 2 cm3/s(i.e F/ΔTrc 4 )>0.1 [1/(s·K·cm)]), because the feed flow interrupts the whole-length circulation of the natural convection. 相似文献