外套框架增层结构体系的振动控制研究

为了在地震区推广使用外套框架结构增层体系，本文建议，将新旧结构在楼层高度处采用柔性连接，即设置被动控制器（控制器主要参数为阻尼C0和刚度K0），根据原结构的特性，合理设计外套框架结构的质量和刚度以及适当地选择控制器的控制参数，从而使两个动力持性不同的子结构的动力特性得到改善，降低整个结构在地震作用下的动力反应。利用被动控制器将两个或多个子结构联系起来，提高体系的整体性，传递分配各子结构间的振动能量，从而改善结构间的振动能量储备，并通过阻尼作用耗散体系的振动能量，达到振动控制目的。控制器设置在楼层高…     

半刚性连接钢框架关键柱破坏后动力响应分析

框架中关键柱破坏后,节点的连接刚度将会影响剩余结构的内力重分配及动力响应。建立了9层Benchmark钢结构模型,以端部约束系数r为参数,采用拆除构件法对关键柱破坏后结构体系的动力响应进行了分析,同时分析了不同位置柱破坏对结构体系的影响。分析结果表明:与失效柱相连处的梁其靠近失效点的梁端弯矩随节点连接刚度的增加并无明显变化规律,远离失效点的梁端弯矩随节点连接刚度的增加而增大;与失效柱相连处的梁中轴力随节点连接刚度增大而急剧减小,节点连接刚度大于一定值时,梁中轴力变化不明显;节点连接刚度的提高可以减小结构中关键构件的内力及变形,提高结构的抗倒塌能力。     

巨型-子结构控制体系抗震特性分析

建立空间相互作用模式下的杆系模型,利用大型通用有限元软件ANSYS的功率谱密度分析(PSD)功能对巨型-子结构控制体系在随机地震作用下的动力响应进行计算与分析,并对子结构相对抗侧力刚度采用多个采样点。在主结构刚度不变的情况下,采取合理的子结构刚度能有效控制体系的前各阶振型,获得理想的减振效果;不合理的子结构刚度不但不能获得控制效果,还会放大地震作用。     

高层建筑物-桩筏基础-地基相互作用体系的计算分析

运用大型有限元软件ANSYS对相互作用体系建立三维有限元模型 ,进行动力特性和非线性地震反应分析。分析结果表明 ,桩土参与相互作用对上部结构地震反应有不容忽视的影响 ,且上部结构相对于地基刚度越大 ,共同效果越明显 ;结构的动力特性和地震反应不仅取决于结构本身的刚度 ,而且与地基特性 ,基础形式等有密切的关系     

高层混凝土框架核心筒-木盒混合结构抗震性能研究

提出了一种以混凝土框架-核心筒结构为“主结构”,每层主结构间内嵌3层装配式轻型木结构为“子结构”的装配式高层建筑结构体系。该混合结构体系实现了建筑使用功能多样化,结构体系集成化,建筑材料绿色化,建造施工装配化的特点。着重研究了体系中主结构与子结构间的连接,根据连接的特点和强弱,提出了3种不同的结构模型：1）重力模型,其特点是主结构与子结构在侧向不连接或弱连接,不考虑子结构对整体结构抗侧刚度的贡献;2）刚度模型,主子结构间采用螺栓有效连接;3）隔震模型,其子结构底面与主结构采用隔震支座连接。采用有限元软件SAP2000对3种具有不同受力特点的模型结构进行抗震性能分析研究。结果表明：重力模型主结构受力安全合理;刚度模型中子结构对整体结构抗侧刚度的贡献可达6%~35%;隔震模型中隔震子结构可明显降低整体结构的地震反应。与建筑功能相同的混凝土框架核心筒结构相比,混凝土框架核心筒-木盒结构自重可减轻25%,地震作用可减小30%,有利于在地震设防区应用。     

地震作用下双塔楼连体结构的有限元分析

运用ANSYS软件对一双塔楼连体结构建立了4种模型,通过对其动力特性和Y、Z向地震作用的分析,得出了结构的各种响应。分析结果表明,楼板刚度和连体连接方式对结构动力特性影响较大。塔楼上部与连体相连处的水平地震反应强烈。连体部分的竖向地震加速度反应尤为强烈,作为结构的薄弱环节在工程设计中应得到足够的重视。     

滑移隔震结构考虑土-结构动力相互作用的动力分析

介绍了考虑土 结构动力相互作用的滑移隔震结构的动力分析方法。应用正交多项式系逼近连续型基底摩擦力函数 ,实现了基底摩擦力的傅立叶变换 ;然后利用地基土动力刚度矩阵 ,在频域内采用子结构法 ,建立了考虑土 结构动力相互作用的滑移隔震结构的运动方程 ;通过数值仿真两个具有埋置刚性基础的剪切型滑移隔震结构的地震反应 ,分析了土 结构动力相互作用对滑移隔震结构地震反应的影响 ,以及上部结构刚度的不同引起相互作用影响程度的差异 ,从而得出结论 :考虑土 结构动力相互作用 ,会降低滑移隔震结构的隔震效果 ,其降低程度与上部结构的刚度成正比 ;能显著地减小隔震层的侧移 ,有利于地震时穿越隔震层的电路和管线等设备的保护。     

巨型结构在地震激励下的控制性能分析

巨型结构体积巨大，形式复杂，体系内各类结构构件及重要程度存在着明显的分级，通过等效模型分析初步设计及全面把握巨型结构体系的受力特性、以改进巨型结构的主结构顶层以及最高子结构顶层位移及加速度响应作为控制目标，运用ANSYS动力分析中的功率谱密度分析（PSD），采用Kanai—Tajimi地震激励功率谱的修正模型，研究改进巨型结构的设计参数变量如：主、子结构的质量比RM，附加柱刚度比对改进巨型结构控制效果的影响。     

既有结构的动力有限元建模方法研究

针对存在性能退化的既有结构,提出了同时考虑单元刚度变化和单元材料阻尼比变化的损伤建模方式。以三层钢筋混凝土框架结构为例,进行有限元建模分析。计算不同构件发生破坏时该结构的基频变化率。计算结果表明:各构件的损伤对结构的影响是不同的;同时考虑构件刚度和构件阻尼比变化能够更真实的反应既有结构的动力特性。提出的同时考虑刚度和阻尼变化的建模方法可为进行既有结构的计算机仿真分析及研究既有结构的抗震性能提供依据。     

基于凝聚技术的结构抗震混合试验原理

基于自由度凝聚技术导出了适于结构构件或子结构抗震混合试验的动力学方程,提出在子结构连接边界进行质量修正与刚度修正,同时给出了连接边界处的拟动力位移加载模式与力加载模式。分别用Guyan法、Kuhar法、SEREP法和IRS法进行了算例的数值模拟分析,比较了不同凝聚方法间的差异,并验证了凝聚技术应用于结构抗震混合试验的可行性。     

非对称复杂连体结构抗震性能与变形差控制实例研究

以某电厂复杂钢筋混凝土高位汽机厂房和钢结构锅炉厂房构成的非对称复杂连体结构为实例开展抗震性能与变形差控制研究。采用自主开发的COMPONA-MARC三维非线性有限元程序进行弹塑性时程分析,针对单体结构和连体结构的动力特性、弹塑性时程响应、关键构件受力特征和关键层位移差控制指标等进行了详细讨论。结果表明：连体厂房结构可满足规范抗震性能要求和关键层变形差限值的管道设备功能需求;楼板大开洞将引起周围构件横向弯矩显著增大;连体结构一阶振型呈现出与单体结构明显不同的扭转效应,导致部分无楼板约束构件承受较大扭矩;采用分布式单层钢桁架作为厂房间连接构件能有效控制关键层位移差,但会使相邻的主体结构构件承担较大横向弯矩;连接桁架应尽量靠近位移差控制楼层且布置高度均匀,从而减小扭转引起的连接桁架端部杆件受力集中;位移差指标对连接桁架杆件刚度和连接形式不敏感,因此,建议在满足连接杆件承载力和稳定性前提下减小截面尺寸,采用铰接方式,以削弱对主体结构相关构件的影响。     

地铁盾构隧道衬砌结构变形及破坏探讨

盾构隧道衬砌结构的变形与破坏模式受接头的力学性能控制,但目前国内地铁盾构隧道接头形式多样,不同形式的接头对整环结构受力性能的影响机理还不清晰。基于足尺试验,分别研究单环、多环的国内典型地铁直螺栓接头衬砌结构、弯螺栓接头衬砌结构、快速接头衬砌结构的受力性能,对比分析其正常运营状态的变形、周边扰动下的破坏模式与极限承载力。结果表明：①通缝拼装盾构隧道衬砌结构的性能由纵缝接头性能决定,提高纵缝接头延性可使结构破坏模式从接头处连接件脆性断裂转变为结构整体失稳;②错缝结构性能取决于环间相互作用强弱,随着环间相互作用的增强,结构首个塑性铰位置从纵缝接头向管片本体转移;③可通过环间、环内的协调设计,优化结构正常运营状态基本受力性能,提高结构极限承载力并使结构发生延性破坏。     

Seismic analysis for tall and irregular temple buildings: A case study of strong nonlinear viscoelastic dampers

Viscoelastic (VE) dampers, composed of VE layers sandwiched between relative rigid steel plates, have been widely used as dissipation devices to improve performance of structures under dynamic loads. Corresponding analytical and experimental investigations have been carried out by many scholars. However, most of VE dampers studied before are typically traditional dampers applied in regular structures. This paper introduces a new type of VE damper with strong nonlinearity used in the complex and irregular structure of Nanjing Dabaoen Temple. The new VE dampers show obvious nonlinear behavior, improved capacity of dissipation, and larger additional stiffness compared to the traditional ones. Nanjing Dabaoen Temple is a high‐rise steel structure by use of 112 new VE dampers. To investigate dissipation characteristics and control effect of the VE dampers in the complex structure, we established a suitable finite element model using SAP2000 software in which the VE dampers were simulated by Maxwell and Wen models connected in parallel, and then nonlinear time history analysis is executed using seven ground motions of moderate earthquakes and three of major earthquakes. Analytical results indicate that control effect of the VE dampers on structural displacement is preferable to that on structural acceleration and shear force due to dampers' additional stiffness. In addition, owing to incremental deformation of VE dampers under major earthquakes, damping effect of the VE dampers on all structural responses under major earthquakes is more obvious than that under moderate earthquakes. Analytical methods and conclusions in this paper will provide significant reference for analysis, design, and application of complex high‐rise structures added with VE dampers.     

A novel approach to evaluate the equivalent dynamic stiffness of guy clusters in telecommunication masts under ground excitation

Telecommunication structures are essential components of communication and post-disaster networks and critically important facilities require reliable earthquake-resistant design procedures in seismically active regions. Calculation of the nonlinear seismic response of tall guyed masts using detailed time-step finite element methods is far more complex than linear response spectrum analysis that is routinely used in structural engineering practice. It is recognized that detailed computational procedures are not always necessary, in particular when the goal of the analysis is to provide a global earthquake-resistant design check on a regular structure with predictable response: this is when rational simplified methods are called upon to calculate the seismic demand. However, up until now, no such method exists for tall guyed masts that can account for the dynamic cable-mast interactions which dominate seismic effects in these structures. In the study reported here, the writers explore the dynamic behavior of guy cables under harmonic and seismic support ground motion through detailed computational modeling and propose a novel frequency-dependent method to evaluate the equivalent dynamic stiffness of guy clusters. This development will contribute efficiently towards a new robust rational model of general applicability for simplified seismic analysis of tall guyed telecommunication masts.Detailed numerical simulations involving 57 guy cables from eight existing towers with varying heights of 150-607 m were used in the study. A mathematical procedure was developed to replace the nonlinear time-variant cable stiffness with an equivalent linear frequency-dependent spring/mass system, based on the response spectrum of individual guy cables and the frequency content of the seismic excitation. Comparison of the main response indicators of these equivalent models and the detailed nonlinear finite element analysis results confirmed the reasonable and consistent engineering accuracy of the proposed simplified method with considerable savings in analysis effort.     

体外预应力自复位框架抗侧刚度参数分析

体外预应力自复位框架(EPSCF)是一种采用结构控制技术的抗震结构体系。结构抗侧刚度对EPSCF结构地震响应具有重要作用。首先，采用ABAQUS软件建立EPSCF结构的有限元数值模型，并采用地震振动台试验验证了模型的正确性；其次，通过改变预应力筋参数以改变结构抗侧刚度，得到结构自振特性随相对刚度比变化的规律。同时，选取合适的地震波进行弹塑性时程分析，模拟不同相对刚度比下EPSCF结构的地震响应规律，计算结果总体呈现为随相对刚度比的增大，结构位移响应减小、结构加速度和基底剪力增大；最后，求得结构层间位移放大系数及基底减震系数随相对刚度比变化的曲线，并选择基底减震系数为EPSCF结构侧向刚度的取值依据，得出相对刚度比的参考取值范围为0.02~0.10。     

抗拔不抗剪连接件在钢-混凝土组合框架结构中的应用

抗拔不抗剪连接件能有效地释放混凝土板与钢梁之间的组合作用,降低负弯矩区混凝土板的拉应力,在桥梁结构中得到了广泛的应用。为研究该类连接件在建筑结构中的适用性,以一典型组合框架结构为例,在梁端负弯矩区附近采用抗拔不抗剪连接件取代普通剪力连接件,基于组合结构体系非线性分析程序COMPONA-MARC对结构进行了活载下的舒适度分析、静力弹塑性推覆分析和动力弹塑性时程分析,对比了采用不同连接件的结构的自振频率、挠度、层间位移、开裂情况、出铰情况等指标。分析结果表明,在梁端采用抗拔不抗剪连接件后,结构的舒适度基本不受影响,梁端楼面板内钢筋的拉应力明显降低。同时,由于梁端局部释放了组合作用,降低了结构的整体刚度,结构的抗震性能与传统结构相比有一定的提升,并且由于混凝土板的开裂得到了有效地控制,结构在大震后的可修复性能大大提高。     

Mechanism and optimum design of shared tuned mass damper for twin‐tower structures connected at the top by an isolated corridor

The concept of shared tuned mass damper (STMD) for twin towers linked by a sky corridor using flexible joints is proposed in this paper. The analytical expressions of the transform functions and random earthquake responses of the flexibly connected structures are derived using a three‐degrees‐of‐freedom model system. The seismic reduction mechanism of the STMD is revealed using comparative analysis between the structures with STMD and those connected using a viscoelastic damper. The effect of the nondimensional parameters such as the frequency ratio of the two primary structures, mass ratio, tuning frequency ratio of the corridor, and damping ratio of the passive control devices on the structural seismic response is investigated. Optimum parametric analysis is performed using the principle of minimizing the displacements of both towers, and the optimal parameter formulas are established. Numerical analysis is conducted to verify the control effectiveness of the connected multi‐degree‐of‐freedom system subjected to the El Centro earthquake ground motion. The results show that the earthquake responses of the towers can be effectively reduced if the parameters of the flexible connecting elements are appropriately selected for a certain corridor mass. Moreover, a remarkable seismic reduction effect can be achieved if the towers have similar dynamic properties.     

上海国际设计中心不对称双塔连体结构设计研究

上海国际设计中心为一呈h形不等高双塔连体结构,采用钢框架核心筒结构体系。详细介绍了该结构分析与设计的有关内容,包括主、副塔楼结构抗侧力体系、连体结构体系选型与概念设计、相关的特殊构造措施;并对多遇地震下主副塔结构响应的对比分析、连体结构中震分析、副塔倾覆效应分析、结构的弹塑性时程分析进行了重点介绍。分析结果表明,大震作用下,在其他构件进入塑性的情况下,连体部位依然保持弹性。     

竖向不规则型钢混凝土框筒结构有限元分析

采用ANSYS有限元软件分析了一竖向不规则的型钢混凝土框架核心筒结构的动力特性和多遇地震下的位移反应,通过Pushover分析考察了结构的整体抗震性能和薄弱部位,分析结果表明结构竖向收进处由于刚度的突变成为整个结构的薄弱环节。     

Seismic design and assessment for midrise buildings equipped with damped-outrigger system

The damped-outrigger system has been proposed to improve the performance of conventional outrigger systems in controlling the structural seismic response by increasing the damping and stiffness. The purpose of this study is to demonstrate the effectiveness of using damped-outrigger systems in midrise buildings and provide engineers with a comparison between conventional structural systems such as moment resisting frame (MRF) and buckling-restrained braced frame (BRBF) in proposing the most suitable structural system. In this study, the buckling-restrained brace and viscous damper are adopted as the energy dissipation devices in the damped-outrigger system. A total of 48 midrise numerical models with various building heights and structural systems are analyzed using nonlinear response history analysis and incremental dynamic analyses. The analysis results show that the midrise buildings equipped with a damped-outrigger system with either viscous damper or buckling-restrained brace (BRB) can reach similar and even better seismic performance when compared with the BRBF; it also reduces the structural responses by around 30% for the maximum roof drift and acceleration responses when compared with MRF. The analysis results could provide a reference for structural engineers when selecting suitable lateral force resisting systems for midrise buildings.