有机/无机复合载体负载复合催化剂生产聚乙烯共混物的共混性质

基于相转化法制备了复合微球载体负载的(n-BuCp)2ZrCl2/PSA/TiCl3复合催化剂。利用聚合物膜将两个传统的催化剂（茂金属和Ziegler-Natta催化剂）隔开,即先将Ziegler-Natta催化剂负载于无机载体上作为内核,随后将聚合物膜均匀沉积在无机载体催化剂表面,最后将茂金属催化剂溶液迅速负载于聚合物膜上,得到“内钛外茂”型(n-BuCp)2ZrCl2/PSA/TiCl3复合催化剂。在实验室条件下,模拟工业淤浆双釜串联反应工艺,在第一段反应中制备超高分子量(1.4×106 g/mol)高支化度的乙烯/1-己烯共聚物,在第二段反应中,制备低分子量低支化度的聚合物。调节两段反应的聚合时间,制备了不同组成的聚乙烯共混物。通过DSC和流变学的方法研究了聚乙烯共混物的共混性能,并与机械共混法得到的聚乙烯共混物的共混性质进行比较。     

无机/有机复合载体负载TiCl_3/(n-BuCp)_2ZrCl_2的

采用溶胶-凝胶法将苯乙烯丙烯酸共聚物(PSA)包裹在负载型Ziegler-Natta催化剂表面,随后用表面改性剂n-BuSnCl3处理有机载体表面的官能团,最后在PSA上负载(n-BuCp)2ZrCl2制得复合催化剂,研究了复合催化剂的气相聚合行为。实验首先通过BET、粒径分析、红外分析等手段考察了采用n-BuSnCl3改性前后载体的结构特征。乙烯气相聚合结果表明,改性后催化剂具有较高的活性,达2.56×107g PE.(mol Zr)-1.h-1.MPa-1。实验研究了不同聚合时间下聚乙烯产物的性质及外层PSA载体在聚合过程中的破碎行为,并与乙烯淤浆聚合结果进行对比。结果表明,溶剂对催化剂外层PSA载体的溶胀作用,对催化剂活性点均匀发挥起着至关重要的作用。     

无机/有机复合载体SiO_2/MgCl_2·xBu(OH)_2/PSA负载TiCl_4催化剂的制备及其乙烯聚合行为

采用SiO2、MgCl2以及苯乙烯-丙烯酸共聚物(PSA)合成了SiO2/MgCl2.xBu(OH)2/PSA无机/有机复合载体并负载TiCl4,得到具有SiO2无机支撑层、MgCl2.xBu(OH)2加合物以及PSA有机载体3种化学环境的SiO2/MgCl2.xBu(OH)2/PSA/TiCl4复合载体负载催化剂。研究了复合载体组成对催化剂的载钛量、形貌以及乙烯聚合行为的影响。当PSA存在时,催化剂的载钛量明显降低。乙烯/1-己烯共聚的反应动力学结果表明,与SiO2/MgCl2.xBu(OH)2/TiCl4相比,无机/有机复合载体负载催化剂的动力学曲线具有一段较长的受扩散控制的诱导期,并且随着PSA质量分数的增加,诱导期延长,动力学曲线由衰减型转变为上升-稳定型。由于复合载体具有多种化学环境,使得负载催化剂活性中心种类增多,共聚性能提高,聚乙烯产品分子量分布变宽,熔流比显著提高。根据聚乙烯树脂的扫描电镜照片,探讨了复合载体负载催化剂在聚乙烯生长过程中的破碎机理。     

无机/有机复合载体负载TiCl3/(n-BuCp)2ZrCl2的乙烯气相聚合

采用溶胶-凝胶法将苯乙烯丙烯酸共聚物(PSA)包裹在负载型Ziegler-Natta催化剂表面,随后用表面改性剂n-BuSnCl3处理有机载体表面的官能团,最后在PSA上负载(n-BuCp)2 ZrCl2制得复合催化剂,研究了复合催化剂的气相聚合行为.实验首先通过BET、粒径分析、红外分析等手段考察了采用n-BuSnC...     

一种超高分子量聚乙烯复合材料的制备方法

本发明涉及一种超高分子量聚乙烯复合材料的制备方法,其特征在于：选用两种烯烃聚合催化剂,其中一种是可生产超高分子量聚乙烯的超高分子量催化剂,另一种是生产低分子量聚乙烯的低分子量催化剂;以表面带有羟基和丙烯酸酯异丁基的POSS 分子为载体,先将低分子量催化剂负载于 POSS 分子上,经聚合反应得到低分子量聚乙烯;然后将超高分子量催化剂负载于POSS 分子上,加入助催化剂,通入乙烯,经聚合反应后获得超高分子量聚乙烯/POSS/低分子量聚乙烯共混的纳米复合材料。本发明制备方法工艺简单、效率高、能耗低,可通过原位聚合制备分子尺度混合均匀的纳米复合材料。     

复合载体扩散/阻隔特性的调控与乙烯聚合反应器的强化

为在单一反应器中生产宽/双峰分子量聚乙烯,强化乙烯聚合反应过程,实现分子尺度混合的原位化学合成,并有效降低投资、生产成本和能耗。本工作提出制备一种具有扩散/阻隔特性的核壳结构颗粒作为聚烯烃催化剂的载体,并进行动力学特性的调控。即采用相转化制膜的方法,制备以硅胶(SiO2)为核、聚苯乙烯丙烯酸(PSA)为壳的核壳结构颗粒,然后通过浸渍法,将具有不同反应特性的催化剂活性分子分别组装在核壳结构颗粒中,获得负载型双功能催化剂。其关键技术是以PSA膜为小分子传递扩散的控制开关,利用乙烯、氢气分子和-烯烃分子在膜中扩散特性的差异,以及Cp2ZrCl2、TiCl3和TiCl4等活性组分在动力学上的差异,构建膜内、膜外两种微化学环境,使得活性组分在不同的气氛下分别制备低分子量、低支化的聚合物链和高分子量、高支化度的聚合物链,形成高性能双峰聚乙烯的新工艺。比较三种双峰聚乙烯反应器组合的能耗,表明在单一流化床中采用复合催化剂生产双峰聚乙烯产品能够强化乙烯聚合反应器,能耗大幅下降。同时,通过活性组分和膜厚的调节,实现对聚乙烯分子量分布的调控。     

SBS/PS共混物耐疲劳性能研究

研究了熔融法制备苯乙烯-丁二烯-苯乙烯嵌段共聚物(SBS)/聚苯乙烯(PS)共混物的耐疲劳性能.结果表明,随着PS含量的增加,SBS/PS共混物屈服强度增大,由韧性断裂变成脆性断裂.而断裂强度和断裂伸长率随着PS含量的增加而降低.在动态载荷作用下,SBS/PS共混物动态疲劳的最大负载和平衡负载随着PS含量的增加而增大....     

Ziegler-Natta/茂金属复合催化剂制备双峰聚乙烯

通过把茂金属催化剂负载在Ziegler-Natta催化剂上制备了ZM复合催化剂,在单一聚合反应器内研究了ZM催化剂用于乙烯聚合制备双峰聚乙烯的性能。考察了催化剂中茂金属化合物的含量、聚合过程中反应温度、助催化剂的用量和共聚单体1-己烯的用量对催化剂乙烯聚合性能的影响规律。结果表明：采用ZM催化剂可以在单反应器内催化乙烯聚合得到分子量分布呈双峰的聚乙烯,聚乙烯的分子量分布达到155,聚合活性可达2.52×10⁷ g/molMt·h。     

胺基双酚钴在合成极性单体与苯乙烯嵌段共聚物中的应用

采用低成本、高活性胺基-双酚钴配合物调控的自由基聚合(CMRP)和催化链转移反应(CCT)对乙酸乙烯酯或丙烯酸叔丁酯与苯乙烯单体进行了共聚反应。以钴配合物为催化剂、偶氮二异丁腈(AIBN)为引发剂、聚乙烯吡咯烷酮(PVP)为分散剂,通过溶液聚合方法得到的聚乙酸乙烯酯和聚丙烯酸叔丁酯作为大分子引发剂,引发苯乙烯的分散聚合,从而获得具有较低分子量分布(～1.93)的丙烯酸叔丁酯和苯乙烯的共聚物及乙酸乙烯酯和苯乙烯的共聚物(PVAc-b-PS和PtBA-b-PS),数均分子量随单体转化率线性增加。运用凝胶渗透色谱、核磁共振波谱、扫描电子显微镜等测试手段对合成的嵌段共聚物进行了表征。     

HDPE/sPS共混体系结构与性能的研究

用2种分子量不同的苯乙烯-(乙烯/丁烯)-苯乙烯三嵌段共聚物(SEBS)和一种苯乙烯-b-乙烯/丁烯(SEB)两嵌段共聚物为增容剂,对高密度聚乙烯(HDPE)/间规聚苯乙烯(sPS)共混物进行增容.采用扫描电镜(SEM)及拉伸试验研究了增溶剂的分子量及结构对共混物形态结构及力学性能的影响.结果表明:3种增容剂SEBS(SEB)均可有效地降低sPS分散相的尺寸并增加HDPE/sPS共混物的界面强度,从而提高其力学性能.sPS 的掺入可以显著提高HDPE的耐热性能.     

Organic/inorganic support for immobilizing (n‐BuCp)2ZrCl2/TiCl3 hybrid catalyst for use in the preparation of polymer blends

Reactor blends of ultrahigh‐molecular‐weight polyethylene (UHMWPE) and low‐molecular‐weight polyethylene (LMWPE) were synthesized by two‐step polymerization using a hybrid catalyst. To prepare the hybrid catalyst, styrene acrylic copolymer (PSA) was first coated onto SiO₂/MgCl₂‐supported TiCl₃; then, (n‐BuCp)₂ZrCl₂ was immobilized onto the exterior PSA. UHMWPE was produced in the first polymerization stage with the presence of 1‐hexene and modified methylaluminoxane (MMAO), and the LMWPE was prepared with the presence of hydrogen and triethylaluminium in the second polymerization stage. The activity of the hybrid catalyst was considerable (6.5 × 10⁶ g PE (mol Zr)^?1 h^?1), and was maintained for longer than 8 h during the two‐step polymerization. The barrier property of PSA to the co‐catalyst was verified using ethylene polymerization experiments. The appearance of a lag phase in the kinetic curve during the first‐stage polymerization implied that the exterior catalyst ((n‐BuCp)₂ZrCl₂) could be activated prior to the interior catalyst (M‐1). Furthermore, the melting temperature, crystallinity, degree of branching, molecular weight and molecular‐weight distribution of polyethylene obtained at various polymerization times showed that the M‐1 catalyst began to be activated by MMAO after 40 min of the reaction. The activation of M‐1 catalyst led to a decrease in the molecular weight of UHMWPE. Finally, the thermal behaviors of polyethylene blends were investigated using differential scanning calorimetry. Copyright © 2011 Society of Chemical Industry     

HDPE/LLDPE reactor blends with bimodal microstructures—Part II: rheological properties

Reactor blends of polyethylene/poly(ethylene-co-1-octene) resins with bimodal molecular weight and bimodal short chain branching distributions were synthesized in a two-step polymerization process. The compositions of these blends range from low molecular weight (LMW) homopolymer to high molecular weight (HMW) copolymer and vice versa HMW homopolymer to LMW copolymer. The shear flow characteristics of these polymers in the typical processing range mostly depend on the molecular weight and MWD of the polymer and are independent of the short chain branch content. From oscillatory shear measurements, it was observed that the viscosity of HMW polymers was reduced with the addition of LMW material. For the polymers produced with this two-step polymerization process, the LMW homopolymer and HMW copolymer blends and HMW homopolymer and LMW copolymer blends were melt miscible, despite the large viscosity differences of the pure components.     

Cp2TiCl2/坡缕石黏土负载型催化剂催化乙烯聚合的特性

利用浸渍法制备了两种二氯二茂钛（Cp₂TiCl₂）/坡缕石黏土负载型催化剂Cat-A 和Cat-B,并进行了乙烯淤浆聚合评价。对热活化黏土进行表征的结果表明,坡缕石黏土在热活化过程中由于配位结晶水的脱除表面主要由Lewis酸性位占据。黏土载体所具有的表面酸性使其具有完全不同于硅胶载体的负载茂金属催化剂聚合行为。在相同的聚合条件下,直接负载型催化剂的活性高于载体化学修饰型催化剂,甚至高于均相Cp₂TiCl₂催化剂。直接负载催化剂所得聚合产物的分子量和熔点低于载体化学修饰催化剂,且其产物性质受温度影响更为显著。以硅胶负载型茂金属催化剂作为对比,分析了表面具有较强Lewis酸性的载体活性中心性质,以此解释了直接负载型催化剂的乙烯聚合特性。对直接负载型催化剂不同时间段的聚合产物形态进行了扫描电镜观察,发现最终聚合产物中聚合物“纤维”和“纤维”聚集体形态的形成,并进一步分析了聚合物形态演化过程的特点。     

Ethylene polymerization with hybrid nickel diimine/Cp2TiCl2 catalyst: a new method to prepare blends of linear and branched polyethylene

Blends of linear polyethylene (LPE) and branched polyethylene (BPE) display very good mechanic properties that can be beneficial for various applications such as shear thinning and melt elasticity. LPE, BPE and amorphous polyethylene can be produced using nickel diimine (DMN) catalyst under various polymerization conditions, while LPE can be obtained using metallocene catalyst. Thus, LPE/BPE blends can be achieved by in situ polymerization using a hybrid DMN/metallocene catalyst. A novel hybrid catalyst made of DMN and Cp₂TiCl₂ was designed and used for ethylene polymerization. A synergistic effect of the two active sites in the hybrid DMN/metallocene catalyst was observed. Blends of linear and low branched polyethylene were synthesized when polymerization was conducted at low temperature (0 °C), while blends of linear and highly branched polyethylene were obtained at high temperature (50 °C). However, the miscibility of the polymers obtained at 50 °C was dramatically reduced as compared to those obtained at 0 °C. Mesoporous particles (MCM‐41) consisting of aluminosilicate with cylindrical pores were used to support the hybrid catalyst, in which MCM‐41 provides sufficient nanoscale pores to facilitate the polymerization in well‐controlled confined spaces. Blends of LPE and BPE were synthesized by in situ polymerization without adding comonomer and characterized. The miscibility of the polymer blends can be improved by supporting the hybrid catalyst on MCM‐41. Copyright © 2009 Society of Chemical Industry     

Influence of copolymer fraction composition in ultrahigh molecular weight polyethylene blends with ethylene/1‐hexene copolymers on material physical and tensile properties

The reactor blends (RBs) with bimodal molecular weight distribution on the base of ultrahigh molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE) and low molecular weight random ethylene/1‐hexene copolymers (CEH) were synthesized by two‐step processes including ethylene polymerization followed by ethylene/1‐hexene copolymerization over rac‐(CH₃)₂Si(Ind)₂ZrCl₂/methylaluminoxane catalyst. The four series of blends differed in a composition of copolymer fraction that was varied in a wide range (from 3.0 to 37.0 mol % of 1‐hexene). The differential scanning calorimetric study shows the double melting behavior of the net semicrystalline CEHs, which can be attributed to intramolecular heterogeneity in chain branch distribution. The introduction of CEHs leads to the modification of nascent RB crystalline and amorphous phases. Physical and tensile properties as well as melting indexes of the materials depend not only on the percentage of copolymer fraction that varied from 6.9 to 35.8 wt % but also on its composition. The increase of copolymer fraction with high content of 1‐hexene (≥11.0 mol %) in the blends leads to the change of the character of stress–strain curves; the materials behave as elastomers. Controlled regulation of copolymer fraction characteristics in the synthesis yields RBs combining the enough high strength, good plastic properties with enhanced melting indexes as compared with the net UHMWPE. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2014 , 131, 40151.     

Structural characterization of reactor blends of polypropylene and ethylene‐propylene rubber

Blends of isotactic polypropylene (PP), ethylene‐propylene rubber copolymer (EPR), and ethylene‐propylene crystalline copolymer (EPC) can be produced through in situ polymerization processes directly in the reactor and blends with different structure and composition can be obtained. In this work we studied the structure of five reactor‐made blends of PP, EPR, and EPC produced by a Ziegler‐Natta catalyst system. The composition of EPR was related to the ratio between ethylene and propylene used in the copolymerization step. The ethylene content in the EPR was in the range of 50–70 mol %. The crystallization behavior of PP and EPC in the blends was influenced by the presence of the rubber, and some specific interactions between the components could be established. By preparative temperature rising elution fractionation (P‐TREF) analysis, the isolation and characterization of crystalline EPC fractions were made. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 92: 2155–2162, 2004     

宽峰或双峰分布两段聚合聚乙烯树脂性能研究

用两段淤浆聚合工艺合成了具有宽峰或双峰相对分子质量分布的高密度聚乙烯（HDPE）／（乙烯／丁烯-1）共聚树脂的反应釜共混聚合物。随着丁烯-1用量的增加，共混物的密度、熔点、结晶度、拉伸屈服应力减小，而断裂伸长率增加。随着高相对分子质量共聚物的含量增加，熔点、密度、结晶度减小，相对分子质量分布的双峰特性也更明显。通过调整两段聚合物的熔体流动速率、两段聚合物之比来控制相对分子质量大小及其分布。控制第一段小分子数目，增加第二段相对分子质量或减小密度可获得最大耐环境应力开裂性能。     

HDPE/LLDPE reactor blends with bimodal microstructures—part I: mechanical properties

Reactor blends of polyethylene/poly(ethylene-co-1-octene) resins with bimodal molecular weight and bimodal short chain branching distributions were synthesized in a two-step polymerization process. The compositions of these blends range from low molecular weight (LMW) homopolymer to high molecular weight (HMW) copolymer and, vice versa, HMW homopolymer to LMW copolymer. The physical properties of the blends were found to be consistent with the nature of the individual components. For the tensile properties, the stiffness decreases with increasing the fraction of the copolymer, regardless of the molecular weight of the homopolymer fraction. For these blends with bimodal microstructures, it was confirmed that the degree of crystallinity governs the stiffness of the polymer. However, the energy dampening properties of the polymers benefit from the presence of the copolymer. A balance of stiffness and toughness can be obtained by altering the composition of the blends. For some blends, the presence of HMW homopolymer can dominate the tensile properties, showing little variation in the stiffness with increased addition of copolymer. It was also demonstrated that the testing conditions and thermal treatment of the polymer greatly influence the resulting elastic and energy dampening properties. Depending on the desired application, annealing these polymers (especially very low density copolymers) not only increases the crystallinity and stiffness, but also changes the frequency response of the dynamic mechanical properties.     

Supported hybrid early and late transition metal catalysts for the synthesis of polyethylene with tailored molecular weight and chemical composition distributions

Supported hybrid catalysts using metallocenes and a nickel diimine catalyst were synthesized and used for ethylene slurry polymerization and ethylene/1-hexene copolymerization. Two types of metallocenes, together with a nickel diimine catalyst were supported onto SiO₂ through chemical bonding, and a borate compound was physisorbed for the activation of the catalysts. These supported hybrid catalysts had high catalyst activities and made free-flowing polymer particles. The chemical composition distribution, molecular weight averages and distributions of resultant polymers were controlled by catalyst structure and polymerization conditions such as reaction temperature and the use of α-olefin. According to GPC-IR, ¹³C NMR and CEF characterization results of some polymers, more 1-hexene was incorporated in the high molecular weight region, short chain branches were generated by the chain walking mechanism in low molecular weight region. The morphologies of the resulting particles were investigated by SEM.