基于模具-制件相互作用的复合材料制件固化变形数值模型

针对复合材料制件在成型过程中的固化变形这一关键技术问题,通过在模具与复合材料制件之间引入剪切层的方法,建立了预测复合材料制件固化变形的解析计算模型和有限元仿真模型。剪切层的剪切模量用来衡量固化过程中模具与复合材料制件之间的相互作用,其数值大小通过与实验数据进行比对而得到。基于建立的固化变形模型,与文献中已有的实验结果进行了比较。结果表明:所建立的模型具有较高的可靠性。同时针对L型复合材料制件建立了三维有限元仿真模型,模型中除考虑材料各向异性和化学收缩效应以外,还将成型过程中模具与复合材料制件间的相互作用考虑在内。模拟结果表明:引入模具作用后L型零件的固化变形预测结果更加准确。      

模具对复合材料构件固化变形的影响分析

通过光纤光栅的方法实验研究了在热压罐成型工艺过程中,复合材料构件由金属固化模具与复合材料构件热不匹配导致的沿厚度方向和面内的固化残余应力发展,得到了固化后残余应力沿构件厚度方向和面内的分布情况,并分析了该残余应力分布的产生机制以及对构件固化后变形的影响.结果表明:复合材料与模具之间的热不匹配导致的固化残余应变沿构件厚度方向呈梯度分布,靠近模具端大于远离模具端,并且该应变会引起构件固化后的翘曲变形,变形以沿纤维方向为主.     

模具对复合材料构件固化变形的影响分析

通过光纤光栅的方法实验研究了在热压罐成型工艺过程中, 复合材料构件由金属固化模具与复合材料构件热不匹配导致的沿厚度方向和面内的固化残余应力发展, 得到了固化后残余应力沿构件厚度方向和面内的分布情况, 并分析了该残余应力分布的产生机制以及对构件固化后变形的影响。结果表明: 复合材料与模具之间的热不匹配导致的固化残余应变沿构件厚度方向呈梯度分布, 靠近模具端大于远离模具端, 并且该应变会引起构件固化后的翘曲变形, 变形以沿纤维方向为主。     

基于黏弹性本构模型的热固性树脂基复合材料固化变形数值仿真模型

针对热固性树脂基复合材料热压罐成型工艺过程,采用广义Maxwell(麦克斯韦)黏弹性本构模型建立了残余应力和固化变形的三维模型。模型考虑了复合材料固化过程中的热-化学效应、材料的热胀冷缩效应、基体树脂黏弹性效应以及材料的各向异性。通过与文献中实验结果的比较,证明了所建立的模型具有较高的可靠性。对复合材料C型制件的固化过程进行了数值模拟和实验对比,比对结果表明该数值模型具有较高的准确性。     

热固性树脂基复合材料热隔膜成型过程数值仿真

为研究制件成型过程中的层间滑移情况及固化后的回弹变形,首先,利用自行开发的热隔膜成型装置制备了热固性树脂基复合材料C型制件。同时,针对热隔膜成型过程建立了三维数值仿真模型;该模型由3个复合材料固化过程子模型构成,包括热-化学模型、层间滑移模型和固化变形模型。然后,在此基础上将固化过程中复合材料性能的时变特性引入到仿真模型中,并将仿真结果与文献中的实验结果进行比较。最后,利用建立的仿真模型对热隔膜成型过程进行了数值模拟,并与实验进行比对,重点研究了成型过程中温度、固化度分布、层间滑移以及固化变形情况。所得结果证明所建立的数值模型对热隔膜成型过程的预测具有较高的可靠性及准确性,可以为后续热隔膜成型参数优化和模具修正提供参考。      

热压工艺热-化学-应力三维数值模型及有限元分析

建立了复合材料热压工艺的三维热-化学-应力耦合数学模型。该模型考虑了整个工艺周期过程中的热-化学应变、材料的黏弹性效应、各向异性及玻璃化转变温度与固化度的关系。其中热-化学模型可采用完全耦合的形式求解,而应力模型则可采用单向耦合的形式求解。对AS4/3501-6层合平板的热压工艺过程用有限元方法进行了数值模拟,得到的层合板翘曲度与实验结果相符。计算结果表明,层合板厚度减小或长度增大,都会使翘曲变形增大,而工艺压强对翘曲变形影响很小。层合板的翘曲变形随着模具与层合板热膨胀系数差距的变小而减小。       

炭纤维增强脂基复合材料热压罐成型模具设计知识管理框架

热压罐成型法是大尺寸高质量炭纤维增强树脂基复合材料制件的主要生产方法,其生产工艺过程数字化是其工艺方法研究热点之一.制定生产工艺所需要各项信息的数字化表达是实现其工艺数字化的基础,信息描述的质量直接影响到工艺知识的重用性.在详细分析热压罐成型法生产工艺制定需考虑的设备、工艺、工装等因素的基础上,应用本体技术对炭纤维增强树脂基复合材料热压罐生产所用到的设备能力参数、工艺过程参数、工装模具信息进行了数字化描述,建立主要工艺装备框架式模具设计的知识表达模型框架,开发了基于模拟的模具设计原型系统.研究结果可用于热压罐成型模具设计知识的存储和推理重用.     

热压罐工艺环境对于先进复合材料框架式成型模具温度场的影响

热压罐固化工艺过程中的模具温度分布对于先进复合材料成形质量影响很大。本文在之前相关文献研究的基础上,对模具温度场分布的工艺环境因素作了进一步的研究。结果表明,工艺环境因素中,风速、升降温速率对于模具型面温差影响显著,而模具在罐内的摆放位置则对模具型面温度场温差影响很小。     

非热压罐工艺模具对复合材料加筋壁板固化变形影响的有限元分析

通过真空袋成型工艺,利用CYCOM 5320-1材料体系制备了碳纤维/树脂基复合材料T型加筋壁板,并应用激光跟踪仪测量了其固化变形量。针对考虑模具影响和不考虑模具影响两种情况,利用有限元方法模拟了该加筋壁板固化过程。结果表明：数值模拟固化变形趋势和实验结果趋势相同,在宽度方向上吻合较好。考虑模具因素比未考虑模具因素的模拟结果更接近真实变形值,这是由于复合材料在达到树脂凝胶点之前,模具受热挤压模腔,导致构件产生永久性变形造成的。     

整体化复合材料结构分阶段固化变形预报方法及其实验验证

通过测试分析了T800/环氧预浸料固化过程中性能参数的变化规律; 针对热压罐工艺条件下复合材料整体化结构分阶段成型的特点,提出了一种基于应力传递的分阶段固化变形的有限元模拟方法; 对于不同成型工艺的工型加筋壁板结构,将分阶段模拟得出的变形结果与测试结果进行了对比,并分析了成型工艺与变形量之间的关系。结果表明,本文中提出的模拟方法能够准确预报整体化结构的固化变形,变形与成型工艺密切相关,针对特定的结构与铺层,采用合理的工艺过程能够有效减小构件的固化变形。     

模具对柱面复合材料构件固化变形影响的有限元分析

针对复合材料构件固化变形问题, 分析了复合材料热压罐成型固化过程的多场耦合关系, 考虑模具的作用, 建立了柱面复合材料构件固化过程的有限元分析模型。基于此模型, 研究了模具材料、 模具厚度和模具形式对柱面复合材料构件固化变形的影响。结果表明: 模具对柱面件固化变形的影响较大, 模具材料与构件材料热膨胀系数(CTE)不匹配程度影响构件回弹角的大小; 模具的厚度不同, 导致构件的不同回弹角; 采用阴模时, 构件回弹角小于阳模的, 且回弹方向相反。     

Role of tool-part interaction in process-induced warpage of autoclave-manufactured composite structures

The role of tool-part interaction in process-induces warpage of a large composite structure was studied using a three-dimensional process model, developed by integrating sub-models that describe the evolution of cure and properties of composite as well as various physical phenomena encountered, during autoclave processing. The process model was implemented through user sub-routines interfaced with the finite element software, ABAQUS. The tool-part interaction during processing was modeled using contact elements. The predicted temperature and warpage of an aircraft part, using a frictional tool-part interface and experimentally measured cure-dependent tool-part interfacial friction coefficients, compared very well with experimental temperature and warpage, validating the 3-D process model. A comparison of predictions using various models for the tool-part interface suggests that the two components of tool-part interaction that contribute to warpage are change in shape of the tool and part, and process-induced stress caused by constrained deformation of the tool and the part.     

A finite element approach to anisotropic damage of ductile materials in large deformations Part II: finite element formulation and applications

A finite element analysis model for material and geometrical non-linearities due to large plastic deformations of ductile materials is presented using the continuum damage mechanics approach. To overcome limitations of the conventional plastic analysis, a fourth-order tensor damage, defined in Part I of this paper to represent the stiffness degradation in the finite strain regime, is incorporated. General forms of an updated Lagrangian (U.L.) finite element procedure are formulated to solve the governing equations of the coupled elastic–plastic-damage analysis, and a computer program is developed for two-dimensional plane stress/strain problems. A numerical algorithm to treat the anisotropic damage is proposed in addition to the non-linear incremental solution algorithm of the U.L. formulation. Selected examples, compared with published results, show the validity of the presented finite element approach. Finally, the necking phenomenon of a plate with a hole is studied to explore plastic damage in large strain deformations. This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

An experimental study of low velocity impact response in 2/2 twill weave composite laminates manufactured by a novel fabrication process

A novel fabrication process for advanced composite components—the Quicktep^TM process was described. 2/2 twill weave MTM56/CF0300 carbon epoxy composite laminates were manufactured by the Quickstep and the autoclave processes. The response of these laminates to drop-weight low velocity impact at energy levels ranging from 5 to 30 J was investigated. It was found that the laminates fabricated by the Quickstep had better impact damage tolerance than those fabricated by the autoclave. Optical microscopy revealed extensive matrix fracture in the center of the backside of the autoclave laminates indicating the more brittle property of the epoxy matrix cured by the autoclave process. Interfacial shear strength (IFSS) for two composite systems were measured by micro–debond experiments. The MTM56/CF0300 material cured by the Quickstep showed stronger fibre matrix adhesion. Since the thickness and density of the impact targets produced by two processes were different, finite element analysis (FEA) was performed to study the effect of these factors on the impact response. The simulation results showed that the difference in thickness and density affects the stress distribution under impact loading. Higher thickness and lower density caused by processing lead to less endurance to drop weight impact loading. Therefore the better performance of Quickstep laminates under impact loading was not due to the thickness and density change, but resulted from stronger mechanical properties.     

Numerical simulation of injection moulding process and the pre-modelling concept

Finite element or finite difference methods are implemented in several flow analysis programs (e.g. Moldflow^®). These filling programs rest on heavy computations to carry out an industrial parts production. In consequence, there exists a need among the polymer processing companies to develop innovative approaches in terms of grid computing and mould simulation software. There seems to be a lack of pre-modelling ‘tools’, which allow estimating an effective solution. In this direction, to simulate polymer injection in a mould cavity, we present an original approach based on a macro analysis of the propagation front during the filling phase. In addition, we propose to optimise the mould design in order to perform the most homogeneous filling and by the way, the best positioning of injection points in order to reach a minimal end-filling pressure.     

有限变形下固-液耦合渗透固结问题的数值分析

基于多相连续介质力学的理论,把土体抽象为叠合连续体,建立了有限变形下固-液耦合渗透固结问题的数学模型。基于IFEPG有限元自动生成系统,编制了有限变形和小变形的计算程序。通过实例对有限变形和小变形理论下的压力场、位移场和应力场等进行了分析。     

TA15 支座梁模锻工艺优化

目的研究TA15支座梁锻件荒形减料及模具增设聚料仓的可行性。方法根据支座梁锻件的结构特点,并结合现模锻生产工艺,确定了减料后的荒形尺寸及模具上聚料仓的设置位置和尺寸,然后利用有限元软件对优化前后的成形过程进行了数值模拟分析,验证了优化方案的合理性。结果优化后的模锻成形载荷小于优化前的模锻成形载荷,且优化后锻件U型结构内多余材料的流动趋势较优化前也发生了较大改变。结论通过减料及设置聚料仓,支座梁模锻件不但更易打靠充满,成形火次减少,而且由于模压中间坯机加工难度及机加工周期均有所下降,锻件的交付周期也相应有效缩短。     

采用薄膜传感器的树脂基复合材料热压罐工艺密实压力测试方法

针对树脂基复合材料层板热压罐成型工艺,采用薄膜压力传感器建立了密实压力在线测试系统,用于监测成型过程中复合材料所受密实压力的大小和分布。研究了密实压力测试系统在热压罐工艺条件下的适用性,在此基础上以该系统为测试手段,研究了热压罐工艺下L形碳纤维/环氧树脂复合材料层板的密实压力变化规律及模具形式的影响。结果表明: 所建立的密实压力测试系统具有较高的准确性和动态响应性,能够测试高温条件及曲面位置的密实压力,满足复合材料热压罐成型过程中密实压力的在线测试要求; L形复合材料层板成型过程中拐角区与平板区的密实压力随热压罐压力增大而增加,但增加速度和最终大小不同,阳模成型时拐角区密实压力高于平板区,阴模成型时拐角区密实压力小于平板区和外加压力,表明曲面结构与平板结构的密实行为具有差异性。