全抛釉发展应用综述

本文详细介绍了全抛釉的发展历程,以及在生产过程中发生的技术革新和工艺改良。根据印刷全抛釉到钟罩淋釉方式的转变,分析普通全抛釉向大理石全抛釉、超平厚全抛釉、金刚釉、干粒釉的改进,通过全抛釉的生产工艺和釉面色彩、纹理及质感等方面的提高详细分析全抛釉的前世今生。     

干粒釉陶瓷砖有色干粒与透明干粒兼容性的研究

干粒釉陶瓷砖的研制涉及到陶瓷坯体基料的研究、坯体与面釉适应性的研究、保护釉的研究、有色干粒的研究、不同胶水灰度粘附干粒量的研究、有色干粒与透明干粒兼容性的研究以及窑炉烧成制度的研究。本文仅从透明熔块颗粒级配和熔块布撒量对毛孔的影响、色度值对比分析、固定剂等方面进行研究,得出采取两种不同干粒进行叠加,透明熔块对釉层中所形成的毛孔影响最大,同时筛选出优质特殊效果干粒釉的生产工艺配方。     

干粒釉饰瓷质砖工艺技术的研究

本文研究了干粒装饰特性、干粒复合叠加装饰工艺技术及干粒颗粒级配对干粒釉面效果的影响。实验结果:(1)当干粒层位于化妆土釉层和图案装饰层下时,其粒子不会影响图案与颜色表现,且不易被磨掉或刮掉;(2)当干粒配方体系相同时,粒径越大,干粒釉温度越高,釉面颗粒质感表现越明显;(3)当干粒颗粒10~30目、30~60目与60~120目的级配占比为:18.18%、50%、31.82%时,干粒釉面成微珠粒突起效果,质感温润、手感细腻,具有更好的耐磨、防滑、防污效果。     

干粒釉陶瓷砖坯体基料与面釉、保护釉的研制

干粒釉陶瓷砖的研制涉及到陶瓷坯体基料的研究、坯体与面釉适应性的研究、保护釉的研究、有色干粒的研究、不同胶水灰度粘附干粒量的研究、有色干粒与透明干粒兼容性的研究以及窑炉烧成制度的研究。通过数码控制定位定量喷印胶水,采用有色干粒熔块和透明干粒双重布撒,布施的干粒釉图案与喷墨印花图案相匹配,有色干粒突出设计图案的色彩、纹理效果,结合干粒全抛工艺,生产出颜色艳丽、通透效果好、镜面度高,具有立体视觉冲击效果的罗马新石代新产品。限于篇幅本文仅从陶瓷坯体基料、面釉和保护釉三方面阐述一下其研制心得。     

环保型晶雕堆花装饰在高档骨质瓷中应用的研究

文中简要介绍了高档骨质瓷晶雕堆花装饰的特点,通过实验研究获得了适合晶雕堆花装饰的骨质瓷无铅坯釉配方,开发出了用于骨质瓷晶雕堆花装饰的无铅干粒釉和釉膏,介绍了高档骨质瓷晶雕堆花装饰的加工工艺过程。     

晶雕堆花装饰环保型高档陶瓷内墙砖的研制

文中简要说明了晶雕堆花装饰环保型陶瓷内墙砖的特点及其研制开发的意义，介绍了无铅干粒釉的制备方法及性能特征，详细阐述了晶雕堆花装饰的加工工艺过程。     

全抛釉气泡影响因素的研究

针对目前建陶行业全抛釉气泡存在的难题,本文采用单因素实验法研究了全抛釉气泡的主要影响因素及其规律,揭示了坯体、底釉以及全抛釉的相关性能与气泡的关系。结果表明：全抛釉始熔点应与坯体的烧结性能以及底釉的融熔特性相匹配,严格控制全抛釉的高温黏度及表面张力有利于控制抛釉层中的气泡的数量和尺寸。全抛釉中形成一定量的晶体对气泡的控制和稳定有促进作用。     

传统琉璃瓦微观形貌及成分分析

带釉琉璃瓦分为胎体、釉层及坯釉反应层,通过对其化学成分、显微结构、晶相类型进行研究,结果显示胎体中Si-Al-K形成三元相,高Si低Al低K相形成颗粒、高Al高K低Si相形成液相并凝固成为基体.釉层主要成分为PbO、SiO2,属于铅玻璃体系.坯釉反应层介于釉层与胎体之间,玻化程度大于胎体,小于釉层.     

新型3D装饰效果的釉中彩全抛仿古砖的研制

本文是通过利用不同的色彩图案分别施在不同厚度的高温透明釉层中,利用釉层的厚度差在各个图案之间展现出错落感,从而形成"釉中有彩"、"彩中有釉"的三维效果,然后在最后层表面施一层全抛釉,在烧成温度为1200℃,烧成周期为60 min的中温快烧辊道窑中烧制成装饰效果独特、颜色丰富多彩、具有3D装饰效果的釉中彩全抛仿古砖。     

数码胶水干粒釉陶瓷砖的研究

实验采用意大利进口干粒胶水干粒机和数码胶水,装配东芝的GS40喷头,通过调整生产文件的灰度、打印胶水时的砖坯温度的实验方法,研究了不同生产文件灰度、喷胶水时砖坯温度对干粒熔块的粘结性能的影响。实验结果表明,随着生产文件灰度的增加,单位面积喷印胶水的质量随之增加,当生产文件灰度达到100%时,喷印胶水的量达到50 g/m~2,此时干粒的粘结量为480 g/m~2,烧成后干粒釉层厚度达到0.25 mm。砖坯温度越低,胶水干得越慢,粘结的干粒量也就越多。     

Microwave Dielectric Properties of Li2TiO3 Ceramics Doped with ZnO–B2O3 Frit

A type of new low sintering temperature ceramic, Li₂TiO₃ ceramic, has been found. Although it is difficult for the Li₂TiO₃ compound to be sintered compactly at temperatures above 1000°C for the volatilization of Li₂O, dense Li₂TiO₃ ceramics were obtained by conventional solid-state reaction method at the sintering temperature of 900°C with the addition of ZnO–B₂O₃ frit. The sintering behavior and microwave dielectric properties of Li₂TiO₃ ceramics with less ZnO–B₂O₃ frit (≤3.0 wt%) doping were investigated. The addition of ZnO–B₂O₃ frit can lower the sintering temperature of the Li₂TiO₃ ceramics, but it does not apparently degrade the microwave dielectric properties of the Li₂TiO₃ ceramics. Typically, the good microwave dielectric properties of ɛ_r=23.06, Q × f =32 275 GHz, τ_f = 35.79 ppm/°C were obtained for 2.5 wt% ZnO–B₂O₃ frit-doped Li₂TiO₃ ceramics sintered at 900°C for 2 h. The porosity was 0.08%. The Li₂TiO₃ ceramic system may be a promising candidate for low-temperature cofired ceramics applications.     

高级日用瓷无铅熔块釉的研究

本研究采用多种碱金属、碱土金属及稀土材料等复合熔剂的综合效应来代替铅釉中的铅元素，并通过实验总结出坯釉适应的一些规律，研制成功了适用于二次烧成的高档日用瓷无铅熔块釉。     

建筑陶瓷装饰技术的现状和展望

建筑陶瓷制品竞争的一个重要方面是花色品种的竞争,竞争的焦点是产品设计和装饰材料的水平。装饰材料包括陶瓷颜料、熔块、干粒、液体色料、渗花釉等。其中,不乏一些新型陶瓷装饰材料如仿金属色料、相干色料、仿金属釉、虹彩釉、反应釉、各种熔块、干粒等,在装饰手法上吸收了很多日用陶瓷和艺术陶瓷的装饰手法和印刷行业的惯用技法如手彩、釉中、釉下彩,丝网印花、辊筒印花、喷墨印刷等。我国要缩小建筑陶瓷制品和国外先进国家的差距,首当其冲的是要在产品的装饰材料、装饰技术上迎头赶上;不仅要缩短两者在硬件方面的差距,还要缩短在软件方面的差距,使我国建筑陶瓷产品的档次有明显的提高。     

Development of Low-Firing B-Fluxed Stoneware Tiles

In a global period of economic recession, innovation is a key requisite to get over this critical phase and prompt an upturn in the economy. Even the market of traditional ceramics is in a stalemate and producers desperately seek for new ideas which may supersede the long-used stoneware tiles. This paper presents the full characterization of a new potential class of ceramics named low-temperature stoneware tiles , highlighting their advantages and disadvantages. The body formulation and the firing process are both covered by an Italian Patent. This innovative product exhibits technological and esthetical features analogous to those of the traditional stoneware tile bodies but is fired at a maximum temperature of 950°C, about 250°C lower than the firing temperature of stoneware tiles. This is possible thanks to the addition of a B-rich frit to the mixture composed of quartz, feldspars, and clays. The frit acts as a low-temperature flux and promotes the melting of the feldspars. Within the fired body, the residual phases are quartz and feldspars. The newly formed phases can be β-spodumene if Li is present in the frit or spinel if Mg is present in the natural materials. The best body formulations have been characterized with mineralogical, microscopic, and technological methods. The major weakness of these ceramic bodies is their unresistance to acids. The chemical nature of the sintered matrix, with a high content of alkalies and B, triggers off the tendency of the ceramic body to react in contact with acidic solutions. Another penalty factor is the cost of the B-rich frit used in the formulation of the ceramic mixture which increases the overall cost of the ceramic body.     

Strong and chemically inert sinter crystallised glass ceramics based on Estonian oil shale ash

Abstract

In heat and power production, oil shale combustion forms substantial amounts of solid waste, including fly ash. The present paper is dedicated to the manufacturing of frit derived glass ceramics from melting high amounts of this waste (65–67 wt-%) combined with inexpensive minerals, such as rhyolite (33–35 wt-%). Owing to a surface mechanism of crystallisation, fine powders led to glass ceramics with high strength and reliability, even for rapid treatments (fast heating, at a rate of 40°C min^?1, followed by 30 min holding stage). To minimise the presence of pressing and demoulding induced defects, the tiles were prepared by incorporating binders, i.e. polyethylene glycol or kaolin, to the frit mixtures. Finally, the stabilising effect of recycled borosilicate glass powders, mixed with waste derived glass powders, was also investigated with promising results for the production of a chemically stable material.     

Production of Low-Melting Glazes Without Frit Melting

The possibility of using low-melting glazes for decorative ceramics without frit melting is studied. It is demonstrated that a transparent glaze layer can be obtained at a firing temperature not higher than 1000°C provided the initial finely milled material is previously heat-treated at a temperature of 900°C and subsequently milled.     

Matching correlation study of titanium-based ceramics with glass based on dissolution characteristics

Glass-ceramics are ideal candidates in Low-temperature Cofired Ceramic (LTCC) technology. The “dissolution-precipitation” mechanism ensures the sintering compactness of glass-ceramics at low temperatures. The ceramics must be dissolved and precipitated in the liquid phase with the assistance of glass additives. In this case, the characterization of dissolution behaviors that should be highly valued has rarely been emphasized. This study puts forward a simple, repeatable, and efficient design for characterizing the dissolution behaviors of several titanium-based ceramics in glass frits under variable temperature conditions. Interestingly, a glass frit with good wettability does not ensure the low-temperature sintering process of a ceramic matrix. In contrast, the dissolution characteristics of ceramics in the glass should be seriously considered. Hopefully, the study of dissolution behaviors could strengthen the fundamental understanding of the low-temperature sintering of ceramics and offer a glass-ceramic design strategy for developing high-performance.     

粉煤灰基轻质多孔陶瓷的制备及性能研究

采用XRF、XRD、SEM等测试手段,研究了山西朔州粉煤灰的物理性能、化学成份、显微结构与组成.以粉煤灰为原料,采用正交实验,研究了粉煤灰、陶瓷抛光废渣、废熔块、烧滑石等含量对轻质多孔陶瓷性能的影响.研究表明:SiC含量对粉煤灰基轻质多孔陶瓷性能影响最大,熔剂废熔块含量次之.确定了最优配方,制得密度0.51 g/cm3,导热系数0.082 W/(m·K)的轻质发泡陶瓷.     

REFRACTORY CERAMIC BASE COATS FOR METAL*

Refractory ceramic base coatings were formulated and developed for application to ingot iron, low-carbon steel, and alloy metals. Mill additions to increase the effectiveness of the coatings produced from various frit glasses were studied. Diaspore proved to be the most desirable of the materials considered. The formulation of special frit glasses was undertaken to further increase the refractoriness and heat-resistant properties of ceramic coatings. The effects of changes in the base composition and the inclusion of various refractory materials was investigated. Tests for the evaluation of the coatings are listed with a summary of the results obtained. Metal preparation and procedures are described. Sandblasting is the recommended method of preparing metals for coating. Results of service tests are discussed. The important part that ceramics can play in aeronautics is pointed out.     

Microstructural Evolution in Some Silicate Glass–Ceramics: A Review

Just as the microstructures in glass–ceramics encompass the range from nanocrystalline transparent materials to microcrystalline tough materials, so the paths of microstructural evolution in glass–ceramics vary widely. Evolution can proceed in numerous ways, their genesis being a perturbation of some type, including the surface nucleation used in glass frit processing, crystallization of the primary phase or phases upon distinct crystalline nuclei, and nucleation promoted by nano- or microscale amorphous phase separation in the parent glass. Examples of the crystallization history of several glass–ceramic materials are described, with emphasis on how their microstructural evolution influences their ultimate physical and optical properties.