气相色谱-质谱法测定卷烟主流烟气中的多环芳烃

通过优化前处理条件,建立了卷烟主流烟气中16种多环芳烃的检测方法,并用该方法检测了8个牌号的卷烟样品。以环己烷超声萃取剑桥滤片中捕集的多环芳烃,固相萃取提纯,旋蒸浓缩,气相色谱质谱联用仪进行检测,方法的最佳超声萃取时间为20 min,固相萃取溶液流速不应超过2 mL/min,各化合物的检出限在0. 05 ng/cig至0. 18 ng/cig,以相对标准偏差表示的重复性不大于7. 66%,加标回收率在87. 15%至110. 73%,适用于卷烟主流烟气中多环芳烃的分析。     

植物添加剂降低卷烟烟气稠环芳烃的研究进展

卷烟烟气中的稠环芳烃是一种高致癌性有害物质,对人体有很大的毒害作用.文章简单地介绍了烟气中稠环芳烃的形成、性质及对人体的危害,并详细综述了植物添加剂降低卷烟烟气稠环芳烃的研究进展.降低清除卷烟中稠环芳烃含量及其机理的研究是一个长期且复杂的难题,至今国际上尚未彻底解决.研究开发无毒无副作用的高效针对性的新型植物添加剂,对缓解吸烟与健康的矛盾具有重要的意义,其发展前景广阔.     

β-环糊精对卷烟主流烟气中有害成分的吸附研究

研究了β-环糊精对卷烟主流烟气中几类有害成分的吸附能力,以及吸附效果与吸附质物性的关系。将β-环糊精添加于卷烟滤嘴中,使用行业标准和文献方法对卷烟主流烟气中的有害成分进行检测,结果表明:β-环糊精对主流烟气中的酚类、多环芳烃和喹啉有较好的吸附效果,添加量为30 mg时,平均吸附率分别为58. 11%、35. 83%和61. 34%。对于挥发及半挥发性有机化合物,吸附率与吸附质沸点呈较强的正相关,对于酚类和多环芳烃化合物,吸附率与吸附质沸点呈较强的负相关,对于多环芳烃化合物,吸附率与吸附质分子半径呈较强的负相关。     

卷烟烟气中稠环芳烃研究的新进展

综述了卷烟烟气中稠环芳烃(PAHs)的生成条件、途径、毒理性及分析方法研究的新进展。稠环芳烃是卷烟烟气中最重要和数量最多的一类有害物质,多数PAHs具有较强的毒性和致癌作用。     

液相色谱法检测卷烟烟气中部分成分的研究进展

基于液相色谱法分析效率高、灵敏度高、操作容易、应用广泛等特点,综述了液相色谱法检测卷烟烟气中部分成分[如醛酮类化合物、多环芳烃、酚类化合物、烟草特有亚硝胺化合物(TSNAs)]的研究进展,并比较分析了不同检测方法的优缺点,为深入研究卷烟烟气中的部分成分提供参考。     

恒波长同步荧光法测定道路扬尘中多环芳烃

同步荧光法具有选择性好、灵敏度高、干扰少等特点,可用于多组分多环芳烃混合物的同时测定。文章建立超声波萃取——恒波长同步荧光法同时测定道路扬尘中多环芳烃。采用超声波萃取道路扬尘样品中的多环芳烃,样品不需纯化,直接可用于同步荧光分析,超声波萃取效率高,萃取时间短;采用恒波长同步荧光法对多环芳烃进行定性定量,相关系数r>0.9990,检出限在0.088~0.655 ng·m L-1之间,回收率为86.45%~104.45%。     

超声提取-气相色谱法测定土壤中多环芳烃(PAHs)的实验研究

为对土壤中多环芳烃(PAHs)进行方便、快速、准确的检测,采用土壤中PAHs的超声提取-气相色谱测定的实验方法,16种多环芳烃的平均加标回收率为85.6%~110.2%,表明利用此方法测定土壤中多环芳烃方法简便、结果准确。在最优条件下,即超声提取60 min、V(CH2Cl2)∶V(环己烷)=1∶1、提取剂共30 m L时,提取多环芳烃总含量最多。实际土样测定结果表明,16种多环芳烃皆有检出,总量最多为35 mg/kg,其中以4~6环的多环芳烃为主,强致癌物苯并芘的平均值为0.020 mg/kg。     

用纳米孔材料去除卷烟烟气里的亚硝胺和多环芳烃

使用ZSM-5和Y沸石吸附气相中的多环芳烃和亚硝胺，能减少吸烟对于环境的污染。报道了沸石类型和酸碱性对于吸附性能的影响。使用表面涂布铜化合物的新技术显著提高Y沸石的吸附效率，这种复合纳米孔材料可以有效地减少卷烟烟气里30％～60％的多环芳烃和亚硝胺等有害物质。     

卷烟主侧流烟气中烟草生物碱的快速测定及对比分析

建立了一种卷烟主测流烟气中生物碱的快速测定方法 ,并应用于多个牌号卷烟烟气的分析比较。该方法将卷烟主侧流烟气收集处理后 ,应用固相微萃取 (SPME)富集并结合GC/MS进样测定其中生物碱的含量 ,具有快速、灵敏、高效、所需样品量少的特点。所得数据对卷烟主侧流烟气成分及特性的研究提供了客观依据     

气相色谱－质谱法测定环保橡胶油中的多环芳烃

建立了环保橡胶油中多环芳烃的气相色谱／质谱（GC／MS）测定方法。样品经环已烷－二甲基亚砜两次萃取,硅胶固相萃取柱净化后,用GC／MS分离测定。优化了8种多环芳烃（PAHs）化合物的分离测定条件。结果8种PAHs回收率范围为62％－94％,日内（11=5）相对标准偏差为3．72％～6．91％。方法具有灵敏度高、准确度好、能同时分离测定8种多环芳烃化合物的优点,适合于芳烃油中多环芳烃化合物的测定。     

Real-Time Monitoring of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in Cigarette Smoke Using Time-Resolved Laser-Induced Fluorescence

Cigarette smoke contains a large number of chemicals and gaseous compounds including polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). Due to the importance of PAHs and their health effects in cigarettes, development of systems to analyze PAHs in cigarette smoke may become useful in developing a less harmful product. However, the complexity of cigarette smoke chemistry remains a significant obstacle in its analysis: many cigarette smoke components are produced due to reactions such as decomposition and recombination of cigarette components during the smoking process. Methods to analyze these reactions in real-time are needed. In this article the authors report direct monitoring of pyrene in mainstream smoke using time-gated laser-induced fluorescence (LIF) based on fiber optics. The time-gated detection system could provide a reduced background signal of mainstream smoke when using optimized gate delay and gate width parameters. The results demonstrate the feasibility of direct monitoring of PAHs in mainstream smoke.     

Synthesis and application of a molecularly imprinted polymer as a filter to reduce polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon levels in mainstream cigarette smoke

The design and fabrication of novel filter is a promising approach to realize the reduction of harmful substance in mainstream cigarette smoke. In our work, a kind of pyrene (PYR) imprinted polymer as a part of improved filter has been successfully synthesized for the determination of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in mainstream cigarette smoke. The molecularly imprinted polymers (MIPs) showed an good affinity towards PYR with binding capacity (Q_max) of 18.33 mg/g. Accordingly, the MIPs were used as a solid phase extraction (SPE) sorbent for the extraction and enrichment of PAHs in mixed samples to evaluate the selectivity about the MIPs. When the cellulose acetate (CA)-filter was replaced by a MIPs-filter, the amount of PAHs in the mainstream smoke was reduced by 63.6%. The application will provide technical support for the design of functional filters to reduce the harms brought by cigarette suction.     

Aerosols sampling using a new cryogenic instrument

A new cryogenic instrument was designed for the trapping of aerosols such as cigarette mainstream smoke at low temperature. The technique enabled the trapping of the mainstream smoke of a single cigarette and the particulate and vapor phases were trapped simultaneously. 2R4F reference cigarettes were smoked under International Standard Organization (ISO) regime and trapped at low temperature using the cryogenic instrument. After trapping, the mainstream smoke of the 2R4F reference cigarette was diluted with a solvent and selected smoke components could be quantified using gas-mass spectrometry (GCMS) and high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The capability of the instrument for trapping the mainstream smoke was demonstrated. The feasibility of the procedure for the detection and the quantification of a large range of smoke components including carbonyls, alkaloids and organic volatile compounds (VOC) in the mainstream of a single cigarette was also shown.     

柠檬酸钾对选择性降低卷烟烟气中稠环芳烃释放量的研究

为研究柠檬酸钾对主流烟气中稠环芳烃的选择性降低效果,采用湿法添加将不同量的柠檬酸钾溶液加到烟丝中,研究了不同添加量对焦油和烟气中稠环芳烃(PAHs)的影响。结果表明:①柠檬酸钾添加量在2‰~15‰范围内,随着添加量的增加,焦油含量呈下降趋势;②苯并[α]蒽、、苯并[α]芘的含量随着添加量的增加而减少,当柠檬酸钾添加量为8‰时,3种稠环芳烃的含量达到最低值,降低率分别达到25.89%,29.71%,23.76%,随后随着添加量增加,含量也增加。     

美拉德反应产物对主流烟气碱性香味成分的影响研究

为研究美拉德反应产物对主流烟气中碱性香味成分的影响,在某牌号卷烟空白叶组中添加美拉德反应产物(MRPs),采用溶剂萃取法提取吸烟机捕集的卷烟主流烟气粒相物中的香味成分,对萃取液进行碱性成分分离,建立气相色谱-选择离子监测-质谱(GC-SIM-MS)分析碱性香味成分的方法,对比分析添加MRPs前后卷烟主流烟气碱性香味成分...     

卷烟爆珠质量检测研究进展

为了掌握卷烟爆珠质量检测研究现状,从卷烟爆珠安全性指标质量检测、理化指标品质稳定性检测以及对烟气成分影响相关检测研究三个方面进行了综述,并展望未来卷烟爆珠质量检测研究方向。结果表明:1)卷烟爆珠安全性指标质量检测涉及主动添加的着色剂和非主动添加的溶剂残留、增塑剂等的检测,检测方法主要包括液相色谱法(HPLC)及气相色谱-质谱联用法(GC-MS);2)卷烟爆珠品质稳定性主要考察产品物理、化学稳定性,通过检测分析技术与统计学方法相结合的方式进行评价;3)卷烟爆珠对烟气成分影响的研究集中于爆珠中致香成分的迁移率分析、以及对烟气常规组分的作用两个方面,通过分析卷烟爆珠对烟气成分的影响可以用于评价卷烟爆珠对卷烟产品质量的影响。     

卷烟纸燃烧调节剂对卷烟燃烧性能的影响

卷烟纸直接参与卷烟的燃烧,将直接影响着卷烟的燃烧性能。卷烟纸燃烧调节剂分为助燃剂、阻燃剂和灰分调节剂,是卷烟纸中的主要添加剂,影响盘纸的燃烧速度和灰分进而影响到卷烟的主、侧流烟气。文章综述了燃烧调节剂对燃烧速度,主、侧流烟气和灰分的影响,助剂对卷烟抽吸品质的影响,国内外对侧流烟气和灰分的研究进展。重点介绍了助剂在降低焦油、CO含量和侧流烟气中的作用。     

An Apparatus for Generating Aged Cigarette Smoke for Controlled Human Exposure Studies

Research has shown that cigarette smoke changes chemically and physically after it is released into indoor air, that these changes can increase secondhand smoke (SHS) toxicity, and that acute exposures to even low levels of SHS increase the risk of cardiopulmonary disease. We designed a system to reproduce realistic SHS exposures in the laboratory for use in controlled human exposure studies. We generated cigarette smoke with a smoking machine, diluted it and conducted it through a 6 m³ stainless steel flow reactor at rates equivalent to the upper ranges of normal residential air exchange rates, to create aged cigarette smoke as a model for secondhand cigarette smoke. We observed that approximately 50% of the particle mass deposited within the system and that particle deposition percentage was higher when absorbent materials were placed within the system. The particle size ranges and deposition percentages, coefficients and velocities observed for this smoke aerosol are in good agreement with published values for SHS observed in residences and vehicles. This apparatus also permits the study of the physical and chemical interactions between SHS and indoor surfaces. The apparatus delivers stable aerosol concentrations to a human subject, which will permit accurate analysis of dose-response relationships in studies of the cardiovascular and respiratory effects of SHS exposure.

Copyright 2012 American Association for Aerosol Research     

温湿度平衡时间对卷烟主流烟气氢氰酸释放量影响的研究

为考察不同温湿度平衡时间对卷烟主流烟气中氢氰酸释放量的影响,在标准温湿度条件下,分别选择不同的平衡时间对6种卷烟样品处理后,应用连续流动分析仪对卷烟主流烟气中氢氰酸释放量进行测试,连续考察了120 d。结果表明:①平衡120 d内,卷烟样品抽吸口数没有明显变化;②平衡120 d内,不同盒标焦油量的卷烟主流烟气中HCN释放量没有明显变化;③平衡120 d内,不同类型卷烟主流烟气中HCN释放量没有明显变化。因此,在平衡120 d内对样品HCN进行测定,均能得到准确结果。     

Estimation of Indoor Air PAH Concentration Increases by Cigarette,Incense-Stick,and Mosquito-Repellent-Incense Smoke

Smoke from cigarette smoking and burning of incense sticks and mosquito-repellent incense, which is particularly used in summer, are thought to be primary factors of indoor air pollution by polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in Japanese houses. In this study, these respective smokes as indoor air pollutants were evaluated by quantifying their particulate matter (PM) and 7 PAHs. PM and PAHs in smoke from 5 popular brands of Japanese cigarettes were collected on the glass fiber filter by the international smoking mode. PM was quantified by weighing the filter before and after trapping them. PAHs were analyzed by HPLC after extracting the filter with ethanol/benzene (1:3, by vol.). Similarly, evaluation of smoke respectively generated by natural burning of 4 brands of incense sticks and 3 brands of mosquito-repellent incenses was also conducted. As the results of these experiments, the average concentrations of PM and benzo[a]pyrene in a 35 m³ closed room were estimated to increase 1630 μg/m³ and 8.2 ng/m³, respectively, by smoking of 3 cigarettes; 1320 μ/m³ and 4.1 ng/m³, respectively, by burning of 2 incense sticks; and 2510 μg/m³ and 17.3 ng/m³, respectively, by burning of 8 cm of mosquito-repellent incense.