直接序列扩展频谱系统设计

本文针对一种卫星定位通信系统中的用户站阐述了直接序列扩展频谱系统的信号特征、信道设计要点、伪码同步问题及设备测距精度分析,给出了工程设计方法及计算公式.性能实测结果与理论分析相吻合.     

Enhanced performance direct sequence spread spectrum codeacquisition

The binary autodirective search technique is shown to achieve a comparative advantage in acquisition time over traditional serial search methods when synchronising to a transmitted direct sequence spread spectrum signal     

Spectrally shaped generalized multitone direct sequence spread spectrum

In this paper, a new modulation scheme that is called spectrally shaped generalized multitone direct sequence spread spectrum (SSG-MT-DS-SS) is proposed. This scheme enables moderate shaping of the transmitted spectrum without the use of spectral-shaping filters; instead, the spectrum is shaped by appropriate selection of the parameters of each subcarrier. These parameters are amplitude, data rate, processing gain, and the frequency separation between adjacent subcarriers. Since these parameters are selectable, this scheme is a completely generalized MT-DS-SS approach. Analysis and simulation results show that by properly choosing these parameters, the level of the spectral sidelobes can be reduced, while slightly changing the width of the mainlobe and simultaneously obtaining a good error-probability performance, on both additive white Gaussian noise and dispersive fading channels. For even a small number of subcarriers (e.g., 3-5), spectral sidelobes can be reduced by 3-6 dB from those of the conventional MT-DS-SS spectrum, with little or no degradation in error-probability performance. For larger numbers of subcarriers, additional sidelobe reductions are attainable. In addition, the SSG-MT-DS-SS system has a smaller peak-to-average power ratio than the conventional MT-DS-SS when the amplitudes of each subcarrier are not identical.     

基于Simulink的直接序列扩频通信系统仿真设计

以Matlab提供的可视化仿真工具Simulink搭建直接序列扩频通系统仿真模型,利用Simulink对直接序列扩频通系统的发射机模块和接收机模块进行仿真设计,通过传输过程中各个波形和频谱变换图,研究直扩系统误码率、信噪比和扩频增益的关系。在给定的仿真条件下,运行测试仿真模型,结果表明,该系统信噪比较高,性能较好,且在误码率保持不变的情况下,增加直扩通信系统的扩频增益可以增加输出端的信噪比。     

Blind estimation of direct sequence spread spectrum signals inmultipath

Self-recovering receivers for direct-sequence spread-spectrum signals with unknown spreading codes are discussed in this paper. Applications include signal interception, jamming, and low probability of intercept (LPI) communications. A multirate/multichannel, discrete-time model of the spread spectrum signal is introduced, which establishes links with array processing techniques. Borrowing blind channel estimation ideas, which were originally developed in the context of fractionally spaced equalizers or receivers with multiple antennas, linear solutions are obtained that are independent of the input distribution. The signal interception problem is further studied, and a zero-forcing (ZF) receiver/equalizer is proposed to recover the transmitted data. Its performance is analyzed, and some illustrative simulations are presented     

Broadcast capability of direct sequence and hybrid spread spectrum

Two forms of spread-spectrum signaling, namely direct-sequence and hybrid (direct-sequence/frequency-hopped) are shown to provide high broadcast capability, especially when used in conjunction with forward-error-control coding schemes. The broadcast capability is defined as the maximum number of simultaneous distinct messages that can be transmitted to distant receivers from a single transmitter at a given bit-error rate. The quantity provides a useful measure of the capacity of hub-to-mobile or satellite-to-earth-station links of communication networks. When bursty data or voice traffic is dominant in such networks, the above forms of spread-spectrum CDMA provide a viable alternative to FDMA or TDMA. Ways of multiplexing the direct-sequence and hybrid signals are presented that use, respectively, distinct carriers, distinct pairs of orthogonal carriers, and only two orthogonal carriers for broadcasting the different messages. Systems with chip-synchronous signals and systems with random delays between the signals are considered. The average error probability of all systems is evaluated using the characteristic-function and Gaussian-approximation techniques. Besides the uncoded systems, systems using Reed-Solomon and convolutional codes are analyzed. A comparison of the broadcast capability of the different schemes is presented     

Acquisition of direct sequence spread spectrum signals withcorrelated fading

Antenna diversity is an effective way of improving the performance of a communication system, especially for initial acquisition in a narrowband code division multiple access (CDMA) system that operates in a flat fading environment. Earlier attempts to analyze such systems assume independent fading at various antenna elements. However, the diversity gain predicted by these analyses is often unrealizable, since the assumption about the independence of the fades is unrealistic in a spatially constrained system. We relax the assumption about the spatial independence of the fades by employing a realistic model for spatial correlation. Also, we obtain an optimum receiver for initial acquisition that takes into account the particulars of the spatial correlation and present a technique for the analysis of this receiver. We also study the diversity gain available for various parameters of the spatial correlation model and conclude that there exists an optimum number of the antenna elements for an initial acquisition system, based on the spatial correlation of the fades. Further, we consider a wideband multicarrier CDMA system with correlated fades among its subcarriers, which also employs antenna diversity, and apply the techniques used in the narrowband case to obtain an optimum receiver and analyze its performance. Finally, we study the tradeoff between the diversity gain available and the noncoherent loss incurred as the numbers of subcarriers and antenna elements are changed     

直接序列扩频通信系统研究及仿真

直接序列扩频通信系统因其抗干扰性强、隐蔽性好、易于实现码分多址(CDMA)、抗多径干扰、直扩通信速率高等众多优点,在个人通信网、无线局域网、第三代移动通信、卫星通信以及军事战术通信等领域得到广泛应用.本文以扩频通信理论为基础,用MATLAB工具箱中的Simulink通信仿真模块和MATLAB函数对直接序列扩频通信系统进...     

用四端子器件实现的一种新型直接序列扩频匹配滤波器

提出了用四端子器件实现一种新型结构的直接序列扩频匹配滤波器，根据四端子器件的特点，从结构上分析了新型匹配滤波器结构相对于传统的数字匹配滤波器结构的优越性所在，它既保留了传统数字匹配滤波器的低功耗等特点，同时又具有结构简单的特点，大大减少了器件数目，HSPICE的模拟结果及测试芯片的实验结果验证了系统结构设计的可行性。     

基于软件无线电的直接序列扩频系统研究

介绍了一种利用FPGA和DSP实现直接序列扩频软件无线电系统，具体讨论了利用FP-GA实现了数字下变频(DDC)和完成PN码的快速捕获和跟踪等数字化处理技术，并进行了仿真实验，实验结果表明了系统设计的可行性。     

多径环境下的直扩信号伪码周期估计

针对低信噪比条件下多径直接序列扩频(直扩)信号伪码周期估计的难题,拓展了先前提出的单径环境下基于信号功率谱二次处理的方法,提出了在低信噪比条件下多径环境中直扩信号的伪码周期估计的二次谱算法.该算法首先对多径直扩信号求取功率谱,然后将所得到的功率谱作为一输入信号求其第二次功率谱,所得二次功率谱将在伪码周期整数倍处出现代表信号存在的尖峰脉冲,通过对这些尖峰脉冲闻的距离进行检测就可以获得多径直扩信号伪码周期参数的检测估计.理论分析和计算机仿真结果表明:该算法可以有效地估计出多径环境下直扩信号的伪码周期,且估计性能和多径环境密切相关.     

Long term fading in direct sequence spread spectrum inmicrocellular environments

The shadowing (or long term) statistics of a wireless system have a large impact on overall performance. The authors show experimentally that the inherent path diversity of a direct sequence spread spectrum system will reduce the effect of long-term envelope variation due to shadowing. This will result in a network with more homogeneous quality-of-service, reduce handovers, and improve capacity     

直接序列非相参扩频系统抗干扰性能的研究

本文围绕扩频技术体制基本理论,讨论了扩频非相参系统的特点及应用价值.这里根据经典的非相参匹配滤波器理论,分析了直接序列非相参扩频系统在几种常见干扰中的抗干扰性能,得出了一些有应用参考价值的结论.     

基于Duffing振子的直接序列扩频信号载波检测方法

利用Duffing振子对周期小信号的敏感性和对噪声免疫性来检测DSSS/BPSK信号平方变换后混在强噪声中的正弦信号.介绍了Duffing振子小信号检测技术,详细阐述了基于Duffing振子的信号检测方法,给出了扩频信号和Duffing振子策动力的相差与最低可检测信噪比之间的关系曲线及方程.仿真表明,该方法能检测到信噪比为-38.35dB的DSSS/BPSK信号.     

四维DSSS调制信号的峰均比抑制

针对四维直接序列扩频调制信号的峰均比(Peak-to-Aaverage Ratio,PAPR)问题,分析了成形滤波器滚降因子对调制信号PAPR的影响,得到了PAPR随滚降因子的变化规律,进一步引入了基于限幅的PAPR抑制方法降低调制信号的PAPR.理论和仿真结果表明,当滚降因子为0.42时,调制信号的PAPR值最小;所...     

Performance of sequential estimation for direct sequence spread spectrum code acquisition

The Sequential Estimation (SE) technique introduced by Ward was designed for the acquisition of pseudo-noise (PN) signals. It proves to be an effective model in medium SNRs as long as inverted PN sequences are not encountered. Recognizing that negative data bits invert PN sequences in spread spectrum transmissions, Chiu and Lee developed an Improved Sequential Estimator (ISE) that processes both types of sequences. The ISE design, however, erroneously despreads the incoming signal by inverting it during negative bit acquisitions. In some applications, this could be a problem, hence a Dual Correlating Sequential Estimator (DCSE) is proposed in this paper. The DCSE detects modulation errors by gathering correlation measurements from resident SE and ISE subsystems and corrects for them with an inverting mechanism. Key performance parameters such as mean timing and the variance of acquisition for the sequential estimator designs are derived via the generalized signal flow graph method and verified through simulation. In an additive White Gaussian noise (AWGN) environment, the DCSE design is shown to outperform the SE for every tested signal-to-noise ratio (SNR).Abbreviations SE sequential estimation - PN pseudo-noise - ISE improved sequential estimator - DCSE dual correlating sequential estimator - AWGN additive white gaussian noise - SNR signal-to-noise ratio     

Joint scale-lag diversity in wideband mobile direct sequence spread spectrum systems

We consider the effect of mobility on a wideband direct sequence spread spectrum (DSSS) communication system, and study a scale-lag Rake receiver capable of leveraging the diversity that results from mobility. A wideband signal has a large bandwidth-to-center frequency ratio, such that the typical narrowband Doppler spread assumptions do not apply to mobile channels. Instead, we assume a more general temporal scaling phenomenon, i.e., a dilation of the transmitted signal's time support. Based on a uniform ring of scatterers model, we determine that the wideband scattering function, which quantifies the average scale spreading, has a "bathtub-shaped" scale profile. We compare the performances of a scale-lag Rake and a frequency-lag Rake, each capable of leveraging the diversity that results from mobility. Such analysis applies, for example, to ultra-wideband (UWB) radio frequency channels and underwater wideband acoustic channels.     

直接序列扩频智能超声雷达建模与信号处理

为了解决多套相邻智能雷达设备同时使用时的相互干扰问题,提出了直接序列扩频体制雷达的方案,利用相关处理分离同频发射机的回波,提出了由相关函数生成距离-多普勒图像的信号处理方法。建立了直接序列扩频超声雷达手势识别系统的收发信号和收发机的模拟模型,其中提出的滤波器收发器模型仿真了有限带宽效应,发射波回溯的手势回波生成算法支持各种复杂调制方式的仿真。模拟实验表明采用所提信号处理方法的直接序列扩频雷达能够实现不同发射器信号的分离,并分别得到正确的手势距离-多普勒图像,达到15%以内的测量误差和约4.03cm的分辨率。