中国钢铁工业的回顾与展望

介绍了20世纪90年代以来中国钢铁工业快速发展的过程,并对新世纪中国钢铁工业的发展进行了展望.     

提高产量降低CO2和NOx排放的无焰纯氧燃烧法

1引言 由于受20世纪70年代燃料价格快速上涨的推动作用,钢铁工业第一次开始寻求降低加热炉及退火炉燃料消耗的方法。这导致了纯氧燃烧技术在轧钢厂和锻造车间的使用。Linde公司在20世纪80年代装备了第一台带富氧系统的加热炉。     

我国钢铁工业发展的潜在危机

20世纪90年代以来我国钢铁工业的发展总体上是健康的.目前钢铁工业在建规模超过国民经济发展需求和资源、能源、环境的承受能力是最大的潜在危机.提出了防止危机的出路.     

21世纪炼铁发展趋势及对中国高炉炼铁的挑战

20世纪钢铁工业得到极大的发展,世界钢产量从1900年2850万t增长至2000年8.43亿t。第一个快速增长时期出现在上世纪50年代到70年代中期,第二个快速增长时期从上世纪90年代开始至今。经济快速发展对钢铁产品需求的增长是钢铁生产的拉动力,技术进步是钢铁工业发展的推动力。预计21世纪世界钢产量将达到20亿t/年,铁产量可能超过13亿t/年。基于国内市场需求,中国钢铁工业产量保持在4～4.5亿t/年,2015年后铁的年产量有可能下降。中国炼铁将面临资源短缺、炼铁高炉结构不合理、能源过度消费和环境压力的挑战。中国钢铁工业必须是以国内需求为导向型的。中国炼铁工业健康发展取决于我们是否能够应对挑战。     

中国钢铁工业节能目标及完善能源指标体系的建议

一、中国钢铁工业节能现状中国钢铁工业自20世纪90年代以来快速发展,从1990年到2005年,中国钢产量增长了5.39倍。钢产量的快速增长带来了能耗的急剧增加,在这种形势下,节能降耗就显得尤为重要。     

中国钢铁工业节能目标及完善能源指标体系的建议

一、中国钢铁工业节能现状 　　中国钢铁工业自20世纪90年代以来快速发展，从1990年到2005年，中国钢产量增长了5．39倍。钢产量的快速增长带来了能耗的急剧增加，在这种形势下，节能降耗就显得尤为重要。     

我国钢铁工业90年代发展的战略思考

90年代是20世纪与21世纪交替的10年,去年我国钢产量达到6600万吨,居世界第四位,在此基础上今后如何发展,领导部门将对“中国钢铁工业发展道路”组织研讨。现就个人所见对90年代的发展提出以下的战略思考。     

欧美日钢铁产业组织结构调整浅析

钢铁工业进入规模化发展阶段至今已有150多年的历史,大体上可以分为以下六个阶段。1.钢铁工业规模化发展的起步阶段(第一阶段)在19世纪后30年代至20世纪初,世界由"蒸汽时代"进入"电气时代",伴随"电气时代"而来的是"钢铁时代",这一时期被称为近代历史上的第二次工业革命。     

当今世界钢铁工业发展特征浅析

重点对20世纪80年代以来世界钢铁工业发展特征进行了分析,主要从钢铁生产流程变化、技术装备改造更新换代;炼钢、炼铁工艺技术不断革新;企业组织结构调整以及世界钢铁行业科技创新等几大方面对当今世界钢铁工业发展进行了剖析。了解和掌握国外钢铁工业的发展新特点,对于引进国外先进钢铁技术,加快技术改造,努力提高我国钢铁企业在国际市场的竞争力具有重大意义。     

殷瑞钰解读全球钢铁工业发展的共同命题

正2021年3月20日,原冶金工业部副部长、中国工程院院士殷瑞钰,在由中国工程院工程管理学部和冶金工业规划研究院共同主办的2021(第十二届)中国钢铁发展论坛上,深入解读了全球钢铁工业发展的共同命题,他表示国际钢铁工业已经进入21世纪20年代,从战略视野上看,其发展命题将是共同的,这就是向绿色化和智能化的方向发展。同时,对中国钢铁工业而言,产品质量的品牌化也是一个大命题。对于钢铁工业,特别是钢铁企业的功能而言,已经不仅     

重庆高校推进产学研合作的案例分析

以重庆大学、重庆邮电大学和重庆理工大学为例,剖析重庆高校推进产学研合作的基本模式,已经取得的突出成绩,分析总结其基本经验.从完善政策法规体系、强化经济调控、建立组织机构、加强中介建设及开展国际产学研合作等方面,提出了深入推进重庆高校产学研合作的对策建议.     

Benzimidazole resistance in cyathostomes in horses in the Ukraine

The efficacy of treatment with cambendazole was tested in 1-year-old horses on a farm in Dubrovka, Ukraine. Thirty-five horses were treated. Their egg output was compared on the day of treatment and 14 days later with that of 33 untreated horses. Before treatment the mean number of eggs g-1 faeces was 614 in the controls and 766 in horses that had been treated. After 14 days the mean egg output in the controls was 580 and in the treated horses 369. This means a reduction of 54.5%. Only cyathostome larvae could be cultured from faeces collected after treatment. It can be concluded that benzimidazole resistance in cyathostomes is present in the Ukraine.     

Heatstroke in runners in Oklahoma

It is a common opinion that general surgery is the first step for whoever approaches a surgical discipline, and that whoever practices training in general surgery should learn the rudiments of each surgical branch. The role of microsurgery in the training of the general surgeon has not been well-established. Clinical applications of microsurgery in general surgery are few and are rarely required, and have been connected strictly to restricted indications. However, we think that microsurgery could be very useful to the general surgeon because it allows the execution of experimental research on rats, the only possibility permitted by law. In these studies the microsurgeon can perform many times and in a short time the same surgical operation, thus improving his skill, and easily getting familiarity with surgical instruments and sutures.     

Fractures in childhood in Khartoum

A prospective study of fractures in 231 children received at Khartoum North Teaching Hospital(KNTH) was carried out for a period of six months. The incidence of child fracture rated as one per day, then it increased from the age of 5 years onwards in boys and between 6 and 8 years in girls. Most injuries were sustained during the day time, especially between late afternoon and sunset. 82% of injured children presented to a medical facility, while 18% were taken to native healers first. Non-road traffic accidents accounted for 84% of the fractures mainly due to sports, domestic injuries and falls; whereas road traffic accidents were 16% and occurred mainly in pedestrians. Forty three percent of the fractures needed only first aid and splintage while 42% needed closed reduction. Thirty one percent of all patients were treated as inpatients. The long bones were affected in 91% of all fractures, the commonest site being the distal end of the forearm (26%), followed by supracondylar fracture of the humerus (15.6%). In the upper limb, left-sided fractures predominated. The epiphyseal injuries were 3.5% of all fractures, mainly at the distal radial epiphysis. Boys were commonly affected between 13-15 years of age. Open fractures constituted 9.8% of the series and were mainly due to traffic accidents in town dwellers, the most vulnerable bones were those of the leg and foot. Pathological fractures accounted for 2.2% and were due to bone cysts and osteogenesis imperfecta. The problem of child safety and the preventive measures need to be more stressed.     

Apoptosis in experimental myocardial infarction in situ and in the perfused heart in vitro

We report the appearance of apoptotic cells in experimental myocardial infarction (rabbit heart) in in situ and in vitro preparations. Apoptosis was recognized by intravital staining with Hoechst 33342 (Ho342), by nick-end labeling (TUNEL) and by DNA laddering. A steady rise in the relative number of apoptotic cardiomyocytes (apoptotic index) was noted in in situ preparations. Apoptosis was first noted 6 h after the onset of ischemia with its highest value occurring after 72 h. Apoptotic nuclei were absent in remote areas of the left and right ventricles. Apoptotic nuclei within the infarcted area showed diminished intensity of Ho342 fluorescence. Three days after ischemia, a border zone adjacent to the infarcted area consisting of apoptotic macrophages was recognized. A novel finding was the appearance of apoptotic cardiomyocytes in the isolated perfused ischemic heart. Occurring as early as 50 min after the onset of ischemia, a high apoptotic index was present adjacent to the ligature placed around the coronary artery. This observation provides the opportunity to selectively examine factors leading to apoptosis in the ischemic heart under controlled experimental conditions.