The colorimetric determination of cyanide in human food and animal feed

The well-known Kr?ller method for the determination of cyanide requires the use of the harmful chemicals benzidine (carcinogenic) and bromine (toxic) in the colorimetric part; the analytical result depends strongly on the conduct of the liberation procedure. The substitution of barbituric acid and N-chlorosuccinimide for benzidine and bromine has been investigated. The reproducibility of both colorimetric reactions is similar, but the sensitivity of the barbituric acid colorimetry is approximately 50% higher. A reproducible liberation yield can be obtained by a proper control of the heating programme. The detection limit for cyanide in a solution is approximately equal to 10 micrograms/l.     

Detection and analysis of animal materials in food and feed

Bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE) belongs to a group of progressively degenerative neurological diseases known as transmissible spongiform encephalopathies (TSEs) associated with a variant form of Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease in humans. TSEs are fatal diseases caused by prions (proteinaceous infectious particle) and are characterized by an incubation period that may range from several months to several years, depending on the host. Because BSE is spread through animal feed, the main strategy for preventing the establishment and spread of BSE is to prohibit the use of proteins derived from mammalian tissue in feed for ruminant animals. Enforcement of these regulations relies on the ability to identify the presence of prohibited proteins in ruminant feed. The methods to detect bovine products in rendered and cooked materials are based on analyses of DNA, bone, or protein. In this article, we discuss the current methodology as well as other potentially useful methods of analysis of animal material in food. While methods are generally useful, none specifically distinguish between prohibited bovine material and allowable bovine products, such as milk or blood. Furthermore, all these methods are hampered by the fact that the rendering process involves heat treatment that denatures and degrades proteins and DNA. There is a need for improving existing methods and developing new methods to overcome these two limitations.     

Red and green macroalgae for fish and animal feed and human functional food development

Cereal and plant proteins are used frequently in the manufacture of animal, fish, and human food products but are often deficient in essential amino acids. In contrast, macroalgal proteins contain all the essential amino acids and are a rich source of other bioactives, including taurine, lipids, carotenoids, and pigments. Furthermore, macroalgal proteins are a substrate for bioactive peptides generation. This paper discusses macroalgal bioactives and their potential use in fish, animal, and human nutrition and health. Issues including their safe use, sustainability of supply, efficient drying and processing methods, and novel extraction technologies are discussed, as well as legislation issues.     

饲料添加剂和兽药与动物性食品安全

综述了饲料添加剂和兽药的广泛使用,对现代社会的影响以及带来的危害。并为解决这些问题提供了相关的意见和措施。     

Densitometric determination of zinc bacitracin and nystatin in animal feed

BACKGROUND: The European Union has forbidden the use of antibiotics as additives in animal feed. Zn‐bacitracin (Zn‐BC) and nystatin (NYS) were frequently used for their growth‐promoting effects and for feed conversion in poultry, pigs and cattle. An HPTLC method has been developed for separating Zn‐BC and NYS in the mixture, for routine quality control. RESULTS: The separation was obtained using RP‐18 F_254S coated HPTLC plates with acetonitrile/methanol (equal volumes):toluene:KH₂PO₄/KOH (buffer, pH 6.8) = 57:3:40 (v/v/v), adjusted with HCl to pH 8.2, as a mobile phase. The densitograms were monitored at 192, 215 and 305 nm and both antibiotics were assayed at 215 nm. The method was shown to be specific, accurate (recoveries were 98.7 ± 0.5% and 104.8 ± 0.7% for Zn‐BC and NYS, respectively), linear over the tested range (correlation coefficients, 0.9982 and 0.9884), and precise (intermediate precision RSD below 2.2% for both analytes) with efficient separation (R_s = 3.5). CONCLUSION: The method was applied for determining Zn‐BC and NYS as additives in spiked matrices of commercial animal feedstuffs. According to LOD values for each antibiotic, the minimum detectable amount in feed is 4.5 and 5.5 ppm of Zn‐BC and NYS, respectively. Copyright © 2008 Society of Chemical Industry     

饲料与动物性食品质量安全风险动态

2020年, 受生猪生产持续恢复、家禽存栏高位、牛羊产品产销两旺等因素拉动, 全国工业饲料产量实现较快增长, 高质量发展取得新成效.全国饲料工业总产值 9463.3 亿元, 同比增长17.0％;全国工业饲料总产量25276.1万t, 同比增长10.4％.受非洲猪瘟疫情、饲料相关国际贸易等不确定性因素影响, 饲料原料价格...     

Contamination of animal feed and food from animal origin with mineral oil hydrocarbons

Oils and fats used for the production of animal feed can become contaminated with mineral oil material originating from gas oils (C₁₈-C₃₅) or synthetic oils (poly alpha olefins, C₂₅ to beyond C₄₅). An important cause is assumed to be the discharge of waste oils, such as motor oil and hydraulic oils. Mineral oil material was analysed by on-line LC-GC-FID directly in the fat or in a raw extract from animal feed or foodstuffs. In Switzerland in summer/autumn 1999 concentrations in oils and fats for feed production were often found to be between 100 and 1000mg/kg. In the feeds, the average concentration was around 100mg/kg with values ranging up to a maximum of 1000mg/kg; few samples were free of contamination. In animal body fat, the average concentration determined in summer 1999 was 25mg/kg, with a maximum of 150mg/kg, although in samples from December 1999, contamination was substantially lower. In the fat phase of eggs, the average concentration was 30mg/kg, with a maximum of 80mg/kg. Paraffin oil is used for feed production, which may account for part of the contamination problem (e.g. eggs).     

Hempseed as a nutritious and healthy human food or animal feed source: a review

Hempseed products are projected to receive great potentials due to the rapid growth in the US market. Industrial hemp has been an important crop for food, fibre and medicine applications. Hempseed products can be used as nutraceutical supplements and functional foods for human and can be applied for animal feed. This review provides a comprehensive summary of nutritional quality and health benefits of hempseed which is attributed to high levels of essential fatty acids and other PUFAs in the oil, with a rich source of essential amino acids in highly digestible protein. This review examines the impact of extraction methods on oil yield and bioactive compounds, nutrition value, and food application of hemp protein-extracted products, including meal, protein isolate and protein concentrate. Recent research related to the understanding chemical composition, nutritional value, health benefits, processing impact, functional properties of hempseed products, and their application for food and feed is presented.     

酶法检测食品中铅离子的研究

食品中的铅直接对人类健康造成危害,利用脲酶比色法检测松花蛋和番茄酱样品中的铅离子,得到了良好的效果。此方法不需要价格昂贵的大型仪器,适用于中小型食品企业完成食品中铅含量的测定。     

食品或饲料中三聚氰胺的危害、检测方法及启示

对三聚氰胺的性质、制备方法、用途、危害及检测方法等方面进行了综合评述,并针对三鹿奶粉事件提出酿造企业应严把质量关建议。     

食品或饲料中三聚氰胺的危害、检测方法及启示

对三聚氰胺的性质、制备方法、用途、危害及检测方法等方面进行了综合评述,并针对"三鹿奶粉事件"提出酿造企业应严把质量关建议.     

动物性食品中洛克沙砷检测的研究进展

洛克沙砷不仅对环境及下游作物造成严重污染,且在机体内可以残留,禁用已大势所趋。概述了总砷和无机砷、有机砷常用的检测方法,并对色谱和质谱联用技术优缺点做了重点描述。     

Strategies to prevent mycotoxin contamination of food and animal feed: a review

Mycotoxins are fungal secondary metabolites that have been associated with severe toxic effects to vertebrates produced by many important phytopathogenic and food spoilage fungi including Aspergillus, Penicillium, Fusarium, and Alternaria species. The contamination of foods and animal feeds with mycotoxins is a worldwide problem. We reviewed various control strategies to prevent the growth of mycotoxigenic fungi as well as to inhibit mycotoxin biosynthesis including pre-harvest (resistance varieties, field management and the use of biological and chemical agents), harvest management, and post-harvest (improving of drying and storage conditions, the use of natural and chemical agents, and irradiation) applications. While much work in this area has been performed on the most economically important mycotoxins, aflatoxin B(1) and ochratoxin A much less information is available on other mycotoxins such as trichothecenes, fumonisin B(1), zearalenone, citrinin, and patulin. In addition, physical, chemical, and biological detoxification methods used to prevent exposure to the toxic and carcinogenic effect of mycotoxins are discussed. Finally, dietary strategies, which are one of the most recent approaches to counteract the mycotoxin problem with special emphasis on in vivo and in vitro efficacy of several of binding agents (activated carbons, hydrated sodium calcium aluminosilicate, bentonite, zeolites, and lactic acid bacteria) have also been reviewed.     

动物源性食品中糖皮质类激素残留检测技术的研究进展

近年来, 食品中激素的残留引起了社会的广泛关注。糖皮质类激素能提高饲料转化率, 促进畜禽生长, 常用于畜牧生产中。然而动物生长过程中过量使用这些激素, 会导致激素在动物源性食品中的残留, 影响人类健康。本文介绍了糖皮质类激素及其对人类的危害, 总结了动物源性食品中糖皮质类激素的检测方法, 包括利用振荡提取、超声提取、固相萃取、液液分配、加压溶剂萃取等提取和净化方法, 以及采用气相色谱法、液相色谱法、气相色谱-质谱联用法、液相色谱-质谱联用法分析检测糖皮质类激素的研究进展。     

Automated analysis of benzoic acid in food: colorimetric determination after continuous volatilization.

A method is developed to determine benzoic acid colorimetrically with the Technicon AutoAnalyzer. After a selective hydroxylation of benzoic acid by means of hydrogen peroxide and a catalyzing reagent consisting of a buffered solution of cupric ion, catechol and sorbic acid, a reaction follows with 4-aminoantipyrine. The reddish brown reaction product formed is measured at 505 nm. In a distillation unit benzoic acid is continuously separated from the acidified sample stream by volatilization into a stream of nitrogen. With simple manual treatments solid samples can be analysed. Possible interferences caused by naturally present or added compounds in food were investigated. The precision of the method is very good. The coefficient of variation is 0.6% at 50 mug/ml. For several products the recovery was determined with a mean of 98.4%. The working range covered is 0--100 mug benzoic acid/ml.     

Preparation of quality control materials for the determination of sulfonamides in animal feed

A feasibility study of the preparation of quality control materials for the analysis of medicated feeds has been carried out. Two analytical methodologies for the analysis of sulfonamides in feeds were developed, validated and applied to homogeneity and stability studies. Pig feeds spiked with sulfadiazine and sulfadimidine were prepared. The drugs were spiked at 500 µg g^?1, representing what can be expected in a commercial medicated feed, and at 2 and 5 µg g^?1, which roughly correspond to drug-free feeds cross-contaminated during the fabrication process. The homogeneity of both the bulk and the bottled materials was verified. A stability study of the materials containing 2 and 5 µg g^?1 of sulfonamides was carried out over an 18-month period at room temperature, at 4°C and ?20°C. The determination of sulfadiazine and sulfadimidine in samples coming from these homogeneity and stability studies of the quality control materials was carried out by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) with either ultraviolet light or fluorimetric detection, depending on the concentration of the analytes in the samples.