孔隙对TATB基高聚物粘结炸药有效弹性模量的影响

采用代表体积单元(RVE)建模方法,建立了与实际TATB基高聚物粘结炸药(PBX)微观结构近似的有限元计算模型,该模型可以生成炸药颗粒和孔隙随机分布、填充率和孔隙率任意调整的二维RVE。并采用该模型研究了孔隙大小、空间分布和孔隙率对TATB基PBX有效弹性模量的影响。结果表明:粘结剂内孔隙使得TATB基PBX在外载荷作用下易于变形,TATB基PBX的有效弹性模量显著减小,随着孔隙率增加,有效弹性模量呈指数减小;孔隙的空间分布对TATB基PBX有效弹性模量影响较大,当孔隙分布在粘结剂与炸药晶体之间界面时,容易造成粘结界面破裂而导致有效弹性模量显著下降,下降幅度超过50%;但孔隙的大小对TATB基PBX有效弹性模量影响不大。     

粘结剂含量对热压TATB基PBX残余应力的影响

为了掌握粘结剂含量对高聚物粘结炸药(PBX)残余应力和宏观力学性能的影响规律,采用基于VKα靶的X射线衍射方法测试了F2314粘结剂含量为0~11%热压成型的TATB基PBX残余应力,采用巴西试验方法测试其宏观力学性能,并采用了TATB晶体-粘结剂包裹结构简化模型进行温度单一因素条件的残余应力数值模拟验证。实验结果表明:不含粘结剂的PBX,其残余应力为拉应力;随着PBX中粘结剂含量增加,残余应力逐渐减小,当粘结剂含量超过5%,其拉伸残余应力递减趋势增强;当粘结剂含量由7%增加到9%时,残余应力由拉应力转变为压应力;PBX力学强度随粘结剂含量增加而增强。残余应力模拟结果与实验结果具有相同变化趋势。     

TATB基高聚物粘结炸药及其粘结剂的玻璃化温度与DMA测量频率关系的研究

用动态力学分析（DMA）方法,研究了上种TATB基PBX及其粘结剂（氟聚物）的测量频率与玻璃化温度的关系。结果显示：在这四种氟聚物F2314、F2311、F2463、和F2603中,只有F2314存在明显的二次转变,这是由于F2314分子中具有较多的C－C1键所引起的。从测量频率与玻璃化温度之间的关系,得到PBX及春粘结剂的活化能数据。经比较发现：TATB基PBX中,极高填充量的TATB颗粒的存在会对粘结剂链段的构象运动产生明显的限制作用。     

TATB基PBX界面热阻研究及导热系数预测

为研究TATB基高聚物粘接炸药(PBX)中炸药晶体与粘结剂之间的界面热阻,采用在TATB单质药片上涂覆氟橡胶层的方法,制备了TATB基PBX单层界面样品,并通过纳米压痕法获得了界面样品氟橡胶层及界面层厚度,利用激光热导仪测得TATB/氟橡胶界面层在293,303,313,323,333 K下的导热系数分别为6.18×10~(-3),6.53×10~(-3),9.87×10~(-3),2.16×10~(-2),7.72×10~(-3)W·m~(-1)·K~(-1)。基于界面导热系数与热阻的关系,建立含界面热阻的PBX导热系数预测模型,获得了某型PBX导热系数理论值,理论计算结果与实测值吻合性较好。     

F2314氟树脂在老化过程中的结晶度变化及其对力学性能的影响研究

对F2314氟树脂及以F2314为粘结剂的高聚物粘结炸药(PBX)进行了老化试验,老化前后检测了F2314的结晶度、贮存模量、损耗因子及以F2314为粘结剂的PBX的力学性能.结果表明F2314氟树脂在老化后结晶度升高,进而导致F2314在老化后贮存模量升高,损耗因子降低,以F2314为粘结剂的PBX在老化后其压缩强度和压缩模量也略有升高;但以F2314为粘结剂的PBX在老化后其拉伸强度和拉伸模量呈现下降的趋势,这也有可能是由于F2314结晶后其粘结性能变差导致界面作用减弱引起的.     

拉剪复合试验测试炸药晶体/粘结剂界面力学特性

为了研究高聚物粘结炸药(PBX)中炸药晶体/粘结剂界面的力学特性,设计了一种可实现0°、15°、30°、45°、60°、75°及90°共7个角度拉伸的拉剪复合加载夹具,实现了PBX界面单轴拉伸、纯剪切及拉剪复合作用的多状态加载。制备了用于拉剪复合试验的模拟界面,开展了拉剪复合试验测试炸药晶体/粘结剂界面力学特性的方法研究。结果表明,PBX界面的剪切破坏载荷为0.980 MPa,大于拉伸破坏载荷0.759 MPa,随着加载角度的增加,拉应力不断降低,剪应力不断增加,而复合应力随加载角度的增加线性增大。提出了一种椭圆模型用于描述PBX界面的强度相关性规律:σ~2/a~2+τ~2/b~2=1,该模型可以较好地描述PBX中炸药晶体/粘结剂界面的拉剪强度特性。     

基于MD方法的多组分PBX粘结剂优选研究

为优选高聚物粘结剂,采用分子动力学方法,对HMX/TATB基含少量氟聚物的3组分PBX炸药进行了模拟研究.构建了具有比较意义的3组分模型,在同样条件下分别对HMX和TATB与氟聚物F2314、F2311、VitonA 和F2614的结合能进行了计算,并且对PBX体系总结合能进行了研究,分别求得了系列超分子体系结合能相对大小排序.结果表明,从粘结效果角度综合考虑,F2311可作为该PBX体系优选粘结剂.     

TATB基PBX界面粘结改善研究进展

对近年来提高和改善TATB基高聚物粘结炸药(PBX)界面粘结的方法进行了综述,从TATB特殊的分子结构出发,讨论了粘结剂的选择以及界面之间相互作用的评估,从理论模拟的角度分析了氟聚合物与TATB间的相互作用。重点阐述了炸药表面改性、偶联剂对界面改善的影响。指出了重点发展的三个方向:粘结剂结构设计、偶联剂加入、新型包覆方法。     

含氟聚合物/多壁碳纳米管复合材料的导热性能

为提高含氟聚合物F2314的导热性能,采用多壁碳纳米管(MWCNTs)对F2314进行改性。用密炼混合法制备了F2314/MWCNTs复合材料。研究了MWCNTs含量、温度对F2314/MWCNTs复合材料的导热系数的影响。建立了F2314/MWCNTs复合材料的导热模型。结果表明,F2314/MWCNTs复合材料的导热系数随MWCNTs含量增加而增大。当MWCNTs质量分数为30%时,30℃下F2314/MWCNTs复合材料的导热系数高达0.647 W·m~(-1)·K~(-1),比纯F2314的导热系数提高3.43倍。F2314/MWCNTs复合材料的导热性能对温度的依赖性与F2314的相态转变密切相关。随着温度增加,F2314/MWCNTs复合材料的导热系数先增加,然后在玻璃化转变温度附近达到最大值,接着逐渐降低。有效介质方法修正公式的计算结果与实验吻合较好,表明该公式可以较好地模拟F2314/MWCNTs复合材料的导热性能。     

PBX有效弹性性能研究进展

高聚物粘结炸药(PBX)是一种颗粒高度填充的含能复合材料,其单质炸药晶体的体积百分含量通常达到了85%以上.在室温和低应变率条件下,炸药晶体与粘结剂两相模量对比可达3～4个数量级,PBX的这两个特点使传统复合材料相关理论不再适用.因此,PBX有效弹性性能的模拟与预测对复合材料力学和细观力学提出了巨大挑战.本文介绍了国内外在PBX有效弹性性能模拟与预测方面所进行的工作,对各种预测方法的优缺点以及应用前景进行了简要的评述,指出了PBX有效性能模拟与预测需要解决的问题以及下一步工作的重点.     

Nitrosation and Nitration of Tetraacetyldibenzylhexaazaisowurtzitane

Tetraacetyldibenzylhitane (TADBIW) was subjected to debenzylation by nitrosating with inorganic materials available commercially to synthesize tetraacetyldinitrosohexaazaisowurtzitane (TADNSIW). TADNSIW was purified, and its structure was determined by FTIR, 1H NMR, MS and element analysis. The debenzylation reaction of TADBIW gave quantitative benzaldehyde as a by-product. This indicates that the reaction produces an imine cation as an intermediate. Hexanitrohexaazaisowurtzitane (HNIW) was prepared from unpurified TADNSIW with the yield over 96.0 % and the purity more than 98.0 %. And the mechanism of the reaction from TADNSIW to HNIW is proposed to be oxidation of nitroso and nitration of acetyl on the molecule of TADNSIW, This reaction system involved is simple, and the reaction can complete within a short time and under mild conditions. The product can be easily to separate and the waste disposed readily.     

A Robust Algorithm for Watermarking 2D Vector Maps with Low Shape-Distortions

The technique of watermarking has been introduced into 2D vector maps for many potential applications such as protecting the copyright of important GIS （geographical information system） data and tracing the data source of military maps. In most previous works, although the validity of the map data could be preserved during the embedding procedure, the shape-distortions of the map elements are usually neglected which would tend to degrade the invisibility of the watermarking schemes. A shape-preserving algorithm for watermarking 2D vector maps is presented in this paper. A 1D distance sequence extracted from the original map is adopted as the cover data instead of 2D coordinates. A watermark bit is represented by changing the distributions of the cover data. The embedding procedure induces lower shape-distortions than in former works. Experimental results indicate better invisibility of the proposed scheme, as well as its robustness to certain attacks such as map simplification, interpolation, additive noise and most geometric transforms.     

Open Rule-setting System Applied to Conceptual Design of Engines

Open rule-setting method advanced in this paper concentrates on providing designers of engines with a convenient way to express their design innovations and develop the expected prototypes in the early CAD stage, and constitute effective models for the following analysis process of CAE and CAPP. The problems arisen in the process of conceptual design with the traditional experience-based development method are analyzed. Based on those analyses, open rule-setting method is presented and some associated technical problems are discussed. The functional framework of open rule-setting system was built as software engineering methods. The speciality of the engine product as a kind of complex product and the requirement of the engine product based on its structural particularity to rule-setting system are considered carefully. A demonstration is supplied to illustrate how the open rule-setting method enhances the efficiency and quality of the engine conceptual design.     

Research on Linux Network Device Driver

By analyzing the working principle of Linux network device driver, discussing the Linux network driver structure and its key technologies, the general network driver structure and its design methodologies in Linux system are summarized. Through modifying the network device driver of Linux device driver 3rd version snull, c and improving the COW technology, the Zero-Copy technology in Linux （kernel version 2.6.11 ） is implemented. In the end, the success test tells us that the thorough analysis of network device driver is the foundation of many applications, and it also provides a certain improvement to a lot of real applications, even to military application development.     

Improvement and Experiment of the Reamer in Vibra Cutter Against Wave Edge of Titanium Sheet Alloy Parts

By analyzing the influencing factors of part quality making of sheet alloy of titanium by vibra cutter, the shape of upper reamer is set as cylinder and wedge-shaped form, and the lower reamer as plain and hemicycle form, and its main structural parameters are defined as well. Then it is validated further that such improved vibra cutter reamer can be used to process curve-edged parts of titanium alloy sheet. The experimental result shows that the titanium alloy sheet parts processed by above equipment have no sharpen angles for convex parts and evident crevasse of concave-edged part. In summary, such improvement can eliminate the free-waved edge and improve the manufacture quality of titanium alloy sheet parts greatly.     

Experimental Study on the Small Flyer Initiating Behavior of Fine-grained Explosives

The initiating behavior of fine-grained explosives by small flyer is studied. The diameter of small flyer in this device is 1 ram. The test results indicate that the granularity of explosives has great effect on its flyer initiating sensitivity.The flyer initiating sensitivity of the fine-grained explosives is higher and the critical initiating energy is lower than that of common explosives. For common explosive, the flyer initiating sensitivity increases as the density is reduced. But for the fine-grained explosive, the test results are exactly opposite.     

Algorithm for Multi-laser-target Tracking Based on Clustering Fusion

Multi-laser-target tracking is an important subject in the field of signal processing of laser warners. A clustering method is applied to the measurement of laser warner, and the space-time fusion for measurements in the same cluster is accomplished. Real-time tracking of multi-laser-target and real-time picking of multi-laser-signal are introduced using data fusion of the measurements. A prototype device of the algorithm is built up. The results of experiments show that the algorithm is very effective.     

Robust Graded Sliding Mode Tracking Control for Low Speed Spinning Ballistic Missiles

The nonlinear dynamic model of spinning ballistic missiles is established during the first boosting phase of the missile. Based on the conventional backstepping sliding mode control and the assumption of a two time-scale separation of missile dynamics, a graded sliding mode controller is designed with two sub-sliding surfaces which have invariability to external disturbances and parameter perturbations, and a matrix which comprises three first order low pass filters is introduced to prevent ＂explosion of terms＂. Owing to the upper bounds of the uncertainties are difficult to obtain in advance, adaptive laws are introduced to estimate the values of the uncertainties in real-time. Eventually, the numerical simulation results given to show the proposed controller can ensure the steady flight of missiles.     

A Study on the Estimation of Aeroheating upon the Warhead Nose at Supersonic Speed

An expression for estimating the aeroheating on a warhead nose at different supersonic speeds is proposed by incorporating CFD （computational fluid dynamics） and the least-square method. Compared with the traditional estimation formula, the expression is more accurate, convenient and can be used in the optimized design of warheads. The error from the result obtained in the test of a ball cartridge flight is less than 3 %. It satisfies the engineering requirements.     

Influence of Installing Error on the Surface Shape Precision of the Axial Symmetry Aspheric Workpiece in Lapping

A method to calculate the surface shape error, which is caused by the installing error between the workpiece and the lapping tool in the process of form lapping, is proposed. The mathematical model which the installing translation error influences on the workpiece surface shape error is established. The changing rule of the error is simulated through the calculating example of the paraboloid workpiece. The results indicate that the surface shape error of the workpiece is increasing with the increase of the installing translation error, it is also increasing gradually along the center point of the curve surface to the edge, and the influence is severer to the curve surface with great curvature than that of the small curvature when the translation error is the same.