糜子淀粉理化性质的分析

为掌握陕西省主要糜子品种的淀粉理化性质,以陕北地区3个主要糜子品种为材料,研究了糜子淀粉的颗粒结构、糊化特性、糊特性以及凝胶质构特性.结果表明:糜子淀粉颗粒为多角形或球形,粒径为1.9～10.0μm,偏光十字较为明显,微晶结构为A型;3个糜子品种的直链淀粉含量为2.85%～19.30%,碘蓝值较高;糜子淀粉的热糊稳定性、冷糊稳定性优于马铃薯淀粉,酸、碱对糜子淀粉糊黏度性质的影响较大,在碱性(pH 10.0)条件下,糜子淀粉起始糊化温度的升高幅度大,冷糊稳定性更强.糜子淀粉糊的透明度较低,冻融稳定性和凝胶形成能力较差,凝沉顺序依次为榆糜1号淀粉>榆糜2号淀粉和玉米淀粉>YM0506淀粉和马铃薯淀粉.榆糜2号淀粉凝胶的硬度较高,回弹性和黏聚性均低于玉米淀粉和马铃薯淀粉.     

苦荞淀粉颗粒及淀粉糊性质研究

为明确苦荞籽粒淀粉理化特性,以7个苦荞品种为材料,分析了其淀粉颗粒表面结构及其淀粉糊的透明度、冻融稳定性、凝沉性、糊化特性、热焓特性。结果表明,苦荞淀粉颗粒多为不规则多面体球形,颗粒大小平均为6.8μm;苦荞淀粉糊的透明度平均为7.68%,低于玉米淀粉糊;苦荞淀粉糊凝沉性、冻融稳定性均强于玉米淀粉糊;苦荞淀粉的峰值黏度、谷值黏度、最终冷黏度、破损值及回生值均高于玉米淀粉;苦荞淀粉糊具有较强的热黏度稳定性、冷黏度稳定性和凝胶形成能力;苦荞淀粉糊的平均糊化温度范围为65.87℃到78.41℃,峰值温度为70.88℃,均低于玉米淀粉糊。     

长山山药淀粉的制备及性能

以长山山药为原料,采用碱法工艺提取山药中的淀粉。对山药淀粉的颗粒特性、理化特性、糊化动力学、结晶类型等进行研究和分析。扫描电子显微镜观察发现长山山药淀粉的颗粒大都呈圆形或椭圆形,表面光滑;粒径分析结果显示山药淀粉颗粒的粒径分布主要呈单峰曲线变化,峰值粒径为48.57μm、中位径为22.72μm;偏光显微镜观察发现山药淀粉颗粒有明显的偏光十字;山药淀粉溶液在95℃时溶解力为16.78%,膨润力为33.55%;淀粉糊化之后的透明度为23.2%;淀粉糊凝沉稳定性为6 h;淀粉糊析水率为48.20%;差示扫描量热仪测定结果显示淀粉糊化起始温度为72.50℃,终止温度为85.40℃;糊化动力学结果表明山药淀粉糊化属于一级反应;快速黏度分析仪测出山药淀粉的峰值黏度为6 220 cP,最低黏度为3 902 cP,最终黏度为5 702 cP,衰减值为2 318 cP,回生值为1 800 cP;X射线衍射结果表明山药淀粉的结晶类型为C型。     

氯化钠对不同品种红小豆淀粉特性的影响

从3种不同品种的红小豆中提取的淀粉为原料,通过分析淀粉及添加氯化钠后的淀粉糊的粒径、黏度值、回生值、热焓值、凝胶性等特性,探究氯化钠对淀粉糊化特性的影响。结果表明:低直链淀粉含量的大红袍中淀粉相较于宝清红和珍珠红淀粉,表现出较高的糊化起始温度、最终黏度、热焓值;较低的峰值黏度、较小的粒径;对比添加2%氯化钠前后,3种红小豆淀粉糊化后的平均粒径、峰值黏度、衰减值和回生值显著下降(P0.05);糊化温度、淀粉的凝沉性显著增大(P0.05);氯化钠对凝胶特性的影响体现在凝胶强度显著降低(P0.05),同时淀粉凝胶的黏度减小。     

荞麦淀粉糊化特性研究

本实验采用快速黏度分析仪及流变仪对荞麦(甜荞、苦荞)淀粉糊化过程中的黏度和流变特性进行系统分析,并测定荞麦淀粉膨胀度、凝沉性、冻融稳定性、透光率等糊化特性。结果表明,荞麦淀粉(甜荞、苦荞)的糊化温度高于绿豆淀粉,低于大米淀粉和小麦淀粉。苦荞麦淀粉膨胀过程与绿豆淀粉相似,而甜荞淀粉与小麦淀粉相似;荞麦淀粉(甜荞、苦荞)糊透明性好;荞麦淀粉(甜荞、苦荞)冻融稳定性高于大米淀粉,低于小麦淀粉和绿豆淀粉;荞麦淀粉(甜荞、苦荞)糊具有较好的凝沉稳定性;荞麦淀粉糊属于非牛顿流体中的假塑性流体,其流变曲线符合Sisko 方程。     

蕨根淀粉的颗粒形态与糊化特性研究

为探讨蕨根淀粉的糊化性能,以蕨根为原料,采用湿法提取淀粉,并进行提纯,对蕨根淀粉的颗粒形态、糊黏度曲线、糊冷热黏度、糊透明度、抗剪切性、冻融稳定性、凝沉性及抗老化性等特性进行了研究,并与玉米淀粉进行了比较。结果表明:扫描电镜观察蕨根淀粉颗粒表面光滑,大小均匀,呈椭圆或鹅卵石形,粒径范围10.23~26.14μm,长轴平均粒径19.09μm,稍大于玉米淀粉;布拉班德糊黏度曲线表明蕨根淀粉糊化温度为68.9~89.4℃,低于玉米淀粉糊,而峰值黏度为611 mPa·s,高于玉米淀粉;与玉米淀粉相比,蕨根淀粉稳定性好、透光性好、冻融稳定性好、抗老化性强,而凝沉性较弱、抗剪切性较差。蕨根淀粉较适于速溶、快餐、冷冻食品加工。     

氨基甲酸酯支链淀粉的制备

以温水浸出法从玉米淀粉提取的支链淀粉为原料,以氯化铜为催化剂,以尿素为酯化剂,制备了氨基甲酸酯支链淀粉。分别测定了氨基甲酸酯支链淀粉及玉米淀粉、支链淀粉的IR光谱、X-衍射光谱、凝沉性、透光率、糊化温度、黏度及黏度热稳定性。试验结果表明:氨基甲酸酯化支链淀粉与支链淀粉和玉米淀粉相比,具有抗凝沉性强、透光率高、糊化温度低、黏度及黏度热稳定性高等特点;氨基甲酸酯支链淀粉与马铃薯淀粉的X-衍射光谱基本相同,晶体结构为B型。     

不同品种苦荞麦淀粉的主要理化性质

研究了不同种类苦荞淀粉的性质。采用扫描电镜(SEM)拍摄了苦荞淀粉颗粒的形态;用X-射线衍射仪测定了X衍射图样及结晶结构;用快速黏度分析仪(RVA3)对各个淀粉黏度进行了测定;并与玉米淀粉进行了比较。同时测定了淀粉糊的透明度、凝沉曲线等性质。     

马铃薯淀粉的物化性质研究

研究马铃薯淀粉的组成、颗粒形貌、粒径大小及溶解度与膨润力、透明度、凝沉性、糊化方面的性质,并与绿豆、玉米淀粉进行比较.结果表明,马铃薯淀粉的蛋白质含量为0.27%, 直链淀粉含量为20.4%,颗粒为椭圆形,平均粒径为40 μm;马铃薯淀粉的溶解度与膨润力较高;马铃薯淀粉的透明度为66.8%,凝沉性高于豆类淀粉,峰值黏度为2 000 BU.     

玉米淀粉与黄原胶复配体系糊化及回生特性的研究

本文研究了玉米淀粉与黄原胶复配体系的糊化和回生特性。RVA糊化实验表明黄原胶降低了玉米淀粉的成糊温度,并随着黄原胶在复配体系中的比例逐渐增加,其复配体系的峰值黏度和终值黏度均显著增加(p<0.05),崩解值和回生值降低(p<0.05)。热稳定性实验表明加入黄原胶后的复配体系在95℃之后的高温下可以较长时间维持体系的黏度,具有良好的热稳定性。凝沉性实验表明黄原胶可以降低玉米淀粉的凝沉作用,当m(玉米淀粉)∶m(黄原胶)为9∶1时复配体系凝沉作用最小,在120h后仍无明显上清液析出。冻融稳定性实验表明黄原胶能抑制复配体系的回生,提高其冻融稳定性。     

Reliable identification of grapevine rootstock varieties using RAPD PCR on woody samples

Since grapevine ( Vitis spp .) rootstock material is being traded increasingly as disbudded woody material a lack of distinctive morphological features on such material necessitates an alternative and reliable means of identification. Methods described here were developed for rapid and efficient extraction of DNA from woody samples rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides, and for subsequent identification of varieties by RAPD PCR. Using these methods, and with the application of only one selected RAPD primer, we were able to differentiate sixteen rootstock varieties, including the seven varieties most commonly used in Germany. Problems commonly encountered with reproducibility of RAPD patterns were avoided by choosing primers with a dinucleotide sequence and a high G/C content that allowed a rather high annealing temperature of 45°C. Methods described here should also be useful for other horticultural crops, especially those with woody tissues rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides.     

An internet compendium of analytical methods and spectroscopic information for monomers and additives used in food packaging plastics

An internet website (http://cpf.jrc.it/smt/) has been produced as a means of dissemination of methods of analysis and supporting spectroscopic information on monomers and additives used for food contact materials (principally packaging). The site which is aimed primarily at assisting food control laboratories in the European Union contains analytical information on monomers, starting substances and additives used in the manufacture of plastics materials. A searchable index is provided giving PM and CAS numbers for each of 255 substances. For each substance a data sheet gives regulatory information, chemical structures, physico-chemical information and background information on the use of the substance in particular plastics, and the food packaging applications. For monomers and starting substances (155 compounds) the infra-red and mass spectra are provided, and for additives (100 compounds); additionally proton NMR are available for about 50% of the entries. Where analytical methods have been developed for determining these substances as residual amounts in plastics or as trace amounts in food simulants these methods are also on the website. All information is provided in portable document file (PDF) format which means that high quality copies can be readily printed, using freely available Adobe Acrobat Reader software. The website will in future be maintained and up-dated by the European Commission's Joint Research Centre (JRC) as new substances are authorized for use by the European Commission (DG-ENTR formerly DGIII). Where analytical laboratories (food control or other) require reference substances these can be obtained free-ofcharge from a reference collection housed at the JRC and maintained in conjunction with this website compendium.     

Aroma characterization of various apricot varieties using headspace–solid phase microextraction combined with gas chromatography–mass spectrometry and gas chromatography–olfactometry

The characterization of the aromatic profile of several apricot cultivars with molecular tracers in order to obtain objective data concerning the aromatic quality of this fruit was undertaken using headspace–solid phase microextraction (HS–SPME). Six apricot cultivars were selected according to their organoleptic characteristics: Iranien, Orangered, Goldrich, Hargrand, Rouge du Roussillon and A4025. The aromatic intensity of these varieties measured by HS–SPME–Olfactometry were defined and classified according to the presence and the intensity of grassy, fruity and apricot like notes. In the six varieties, 23 common volatile compounds were identified by HS–SPME–GC–MS. Finally, 10 compounds, ethyl acetate, hexyl acetate, limonene, β-cyclocitral, γ-decalactone, 6-methyl-5-hepten-2-one, linalool, β-ionone, menthone and (E)-hexen-2-al were recognized by HS–SPME–GC–O as responsible of the aromatic notes involved in apricot aroma and considered as molecular tracers of apricot aromatic quality which could be utilized to discriminate apricot varieties.     

Tests of potential functional barriers for laminated multilayer food packages. Part I: Low molecular weight permeants

The advent of the functional barrier concept in food packaging has brought with it a requirement for fast tests of permeation through potential barrier materials. In such tests it would be convenient for both foodstuffs and materials below the functional barrier (sub-barrier materials) to be represented by standard simulants. By means of inverse gas chromatography, liquid paraffin spiked with appropriate permeants was considered as a potential simulant of sub-barrier materials based on polypropylene (PP) or similar polyolefins. Experiments were performed to characterize the kinetics of the permeation of low molecular weight model permeants (octene, toluene and isopropanol) from liquid paraffin, through a surrogate potential functional barrier (25 μm-thick oriented PP) into the food simulants olive oil and 3% (w/v) acetic acid. These permeation results were interpreted in terms of three permeation kinetic models regarding the solubility of a particular model permeant in the post-barrier medium (i.e. the food simulant). The results obtained justify the development and evaluation of liquid sub-barrier simulants that would allow flexible yet rigorous testing of new laminated multilayer packaging materials.     

Chlorohydrins of bisphenol A diglycidyl ether (BADGE) and of bisphenol F diglycidyl ether (BFDGE) in canned foods and ready-to-drink coffees from the Japanese market

BADGE.2HCl and BFDGE.2HCl were determined in 28 samples of ready-to-drink canned coffee and 18 samples of canned vegetables (10 corn, 5 tomatoes and 3 others), all from the Japanese market. HPLC was used as the principal analytical method and GCMS for confirmation of relevant LC fractions. BADGE.2HCl was found to be present in one canned coffee and five samples of corn, BFDGE.2HCl in four samples of canned tomatoes and in one canned corn. No sample was found which exceeded the 1mg/kg limit of the EU for the BADGE chlorohydrins. However the highest concentration was found for the sum of BFDGE.2HCl and BFDGE.HCl.H₂O at a level of 1.5mg/kg. A Beilstein test confirmed that all cans containing foods contaminated with BADGE.2HCl or BFDGE.2HCl had at lest one part coated with a PVC organosol.     

European priorities for research to support legislation in the area of food contact materials and articles

A strong science base is required to underpin the planning and decision-making process involved in determining future European community legislation on materials and articles in contact with food. Significant progress has been made in the past 5 years in European funded work in this area, with many developments contributing to a much better understanding of the migration process, and better and simpler approaches to food control. In this paper this progress is reviewed against previously identified work-areas (identified in 1994) and conclusions are reached about future requirements for R&D to support legislation on food contact materials and articles over the next 5 or so years.     

Analysis of benzo[a]pyrene in spiked fatty foods by second derivative synchronous spectrofluorimetry after microwave-assisted treatment of samples

A simple, rapid and inexpensive method has been developed for the determination of benzo[a     

The development of reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel. II: Certification study

This paper describes the second part of a project undertaken to develop certified mussel reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins. In the first part two interlaboratory studies were undertaken to investigate the performance of the analytical methodology for several PSP toxins, in particular saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in lyophilized mussels, and to set criteria for the acceptance of results to be applied during the certification exercise. Fifteen laboratories participated in this certification study and were asked to measure saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in rehydrated lyophilized mussel material and in a saxitoxin-enriched mussel material. The participants were allowed to use a method of their choice but with an extraction procedure to be strictly followed. The study included extra experiments to verify the detection limits for both saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin. Most participants (13 of 15) were able to meet all the criteria set for the certification study. Results for saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of <0.07 mg/kg in the rehydrated lyophilized mussels. Results obtained for decarbamoyl-saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of 1.59+/-0.20 mg/kg. The results for saxitoxin.2HCl in enriched blank mussel yielded a certified mass fraction of 0.48 +/- 0.06 mg/kg. These certified reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel material are the first available for laboratories to test their method for accuracy and performance.     

Announcing a new international peer-reviewed journal:Food Science and Human Wellness now accepting manuscript submission in English

<正>We are pleased to announce the launch of a new international peer-reviewed journal-Food Science and Human Wellness,ISSN 2213-4530,which is an open access journal,produced and hosted by Elsevier B.V.on behalf of Beijing Academy of Food Sciences.Food Science and Human Wellness is an international peer-reviewed English journal that provides a forum for the dissemination of the