字母趣谈轻武器C——随意中学英文术语(10)

COLT柯尔特(武器公司名,商标名),the trademark of Colt's Inc.for its firearms,the first having been the single action revolver invented by Samuel Colt. SAMUEL COLT赛缪尔·柯尔特(1814～1862),an American designer and manufacturer of firearms.Best known for his revolver design,the original having been patented(最初获取专利权)in U.S. in 1836,in England in 1835. COMBINATION GUN组合枪,一种能装填两种尺寸以上弹药的枪。Generally accomplished in an over-and-under styling with two barrels of different caliber(一种上下排列两种口径枪管的枪,被认为是成功的组合式枪)。In Europe,combination guns are popular(流行的)when made with one rifle barrel in conjunction with one or two shotgun barrels.In the lat-     

Comparison with Molecular Surface Electrostatic Potential and Thermal Reactivity of Nitramines（英）

Molecular surface electrostatic potentials V_S(r) ( ESP) of seventeen nitramines have been calculated. As a criterion of the imbalance between the maximum positive,V_(S,max) and minimum negative,V_(S,min),values of molecular surface electrostatic potentials their sum was derived and used as a new simple characteristic for ESPs-V_(S,Σ). These V_(S,Σ) values have close relationships with the Arrhenius parameters,activation energy E_a and preexponent log A,of thermal decomposition of the nitramines studied. The correlation between the V_(S,Σ) values and heats of fusion of the nitramines studied is described. These findings suggested analyzing the physico-chemical behavior of the nitramine crystals during this decomposition; in this connection an investigation was carried out using isothermal thermogravimetry and scanning electron microscopy of thermally exposed crystals of cis-1,3,4,6-tetranitrooctahydroimidazo-[4,5-d]imidazole( sintering of its crystal surfaces),of β-1,3,5,7-tetranitro-1,3,5,7-tetrazocane( cracking of its crystals during β !δ transition) and of 2,4,6,8,10,12-hexanitro-2,4,6,8,10,12-hexaazaisowurtzitane. The results suggest a need to study the pre-decomposition states on thermal decomposition of the nitramines' molecule's crystals.     

字母趣谈轻武器B——随意中学英文术语(10)

Boxer primer博克赛底火,也称带火台底火,a primer in which the anvil is an integral part of the primer assembly(火台是底火部件的完整部分)。It Was developd from the work of Colonel Boxer of the British Army in the 1860's. Used in the United States almost to the exclusion of the Berdan primer and as a result often called the American primer(在美国,博克     

字母趣谈轻武器B--随意中学英文术语(9)

Bennett Epentus埃朋特·斯贝内特,美国发明家,1838年与弗雷德里克·哈维兰一起获得一种后装填、撞击发火式步枪的专利。 Berdan primer伯丹底火,a primer developed in 1870by Colonel Hiram Berdan of the U.S.Army,used extensively in Europe rather than in the United States(在欧洲比在美国还应用广泛)。It differs from     

Simulation of the Crashing of Sandwich Structures under Impact Loads by Movable Cellular Automata

Movable cellular automata (MCA) method is applied in the analysis of dynamic characters of ceramic armor composite structures under impact loading. As a new approach, MCA is different from the traditional numerical methods such as the finite element method and boundary element method. Based on the theory of particle mechanics, MCA is applied as a powerful tool in relying specific structural analysis of materials loss and penetrating damages. In this paper the method is used to study responses of multi-layered ceramic plates as a base of armor structures under impact loading, thus assisting further investigations in the crashing process and to improve ceramic armor structures.     

字母趣谈轻武器C——随意中学英文术语(8)

COEFFICIENT OF FORM弹形系数,a term used in the science of ballistic(用于弹道学的一个术语)。It is a number that serves as an index to the shape of the point of a given projectile(它是一个指数,表示一种给定的弹头形状的特征量)。Generally,the sharper the point that is its shape from point to maximum diameter,the more efficient it is(通常,弹尖越锐,弹头的效能越大)。     

H∞ -Mixed Sensitivity Design of Roll Channel of Bank-to-Turn Autopilot for Small Diameter Bomb

According to requirements of the bank-to-turn (BTT) control for a small diameter bomb (SDB), the robust design problem for the roll autopilot was studied by H∞-mixed sensitivity control method. A roll channel dynamics model was established. Considering the couple between the yaw and roll channel as uncertain disturbance, the roll autopilot was designed using dual-loop scheme which takes a linear quadratic regulator (LQR) as inner-loop, to ensure the control effect of the certain part in model, and an H∞-mixed sensitivity control as outer-loop, to restrain coupling disturbance and strengthen the system's robust performance. The dynamic tracking performance and the robustness for the parameter disturbance of the roll controller were analyzed. The simulated results show that the roll control system functions better and robustly.     

添加某种化合物提高改性单基药性能(英)

<正>The modified single base propellant is generally prepared from single base propellant grains by impregnation with a blasting oil nitroglycerine(NG),following by deterring with a polyester(NA).In our recent research,the performances of the propellant were improved significantly through adding a special compound at the second step.Samples without and with the compound was denoted as IDC-1 and IDC-2,respectively.     

字母趣谈轻武器——随意中学英文术语(8)

ENFIELD AMERICAN美制恩菲尔德步枪,是一种英制恩菲尔德步枪的改进型,能使用美国标准无突缘枪弹,这种枪弹带有正规军用弹夹,方便装入弹匣。斯普林菲尔德市就生产1917式美制恩菲尔德步枪。口径0.30英寸,弹匣容弹量5发。 ERMA埃尔玛手枪,a 9mm German machine pistol used in World WarⅡby German police. The name is also used as a trademark for small arms sold commercially(商业上). ELEPHANT RIFLE猎象枪,a term applied to any rifle suited for hunting elephants and not to one of particular make, weight or caliber(指任何适合猎射大象的步枪,不管它是否特殊制造、口径大小与轻重). ELGIN CUTLASS PISTOL埃尔金短剑手枪,a single shot percussion pistol with a pointed cutting blade(尖锐的利刃)attached to     

Synthesis, Thermal Stability and Sensitivity of 2, 4-Dinitroimidazole

Pursuing new insensitive high explosive (IHE) is the main research hot-point in explosive field. Nitroimidazole compounds were mainly studied in the medicine chemistry in the past[1-2], seldom seen as the components of explosives and propellants. But now, several nitroimidazole compounds, such as 2, 4-dinitroimidazole (2, 4-DNI), 2, 4, 5-trinitroimidazole (2, 4, 5-TNI) and 1-methyl-2, 4, 5-trinitroimidazole (MTNI) etc are found to be the important intermediates of synthesizing new high explosives or itself possessing excellent explosive performances[3-5]. This paper introduces the synthesis, especially the experimental thermal stability, sensitivity and security of 2, 4-dinitroimidazole (2, 4-DNI).     

高氯酸杂环配合物金属盐的激光起爆（英）

1 IntroductionNowadays the electrical way of blast-caps initiation istraditional. But the devices used for this process are in-herently susceptible to an accident initiation by externalstimuli such as an electrostatic discharge (ESD), elec-tromagnetic interference (EMI), and radio wave irradia-tion (RI). Pulse laser initiation of explosives is a newperspective method. Pulse lasers provide practical meansof electrical isolation of the energetic materials, therebyeliminating hazards associat…     

Research on Performance of U Separator in Sand and Dust Test System

Sand/dust test is one of the key projects to examine the environmental adaptability of ordnance equipment.In order to decrease the abrasion of test facility caused by the sand/dust particles,the particles contained in the airflowneed to be reclaimed effectively.Amathematical model of Useparator is established.The flowfield and the trajectories of particles inside the separator are obtained using a numerical simulation method,and the separation efficiency and pressure drop of separator with different rows of separate components are also obtained at various flowvelocities.The simulation results indicate that the efficiency of U inertia separator is affected by the flowvelocity evidently,and a reasonably designed separator can meet the requirement of the separation efficiency in particular situation.The results can be use as reference for the design and test of sand/dust separate systems.     

Application of Particle Image Velocimetry Technology in Water Tunnel

A display and analysis system for hermetical flow field in water tunnel is developed based on the particle image velocimetry(PIV) technology. It consists of some subsystems, such as lamp-house, imaging, image processing and analyzing, control and particles putting. Taking the flow fields around a sphere and a cylinder model as an example under higher Renolds number 5.8 × 105 in water tunnel, we inquired into the application of the system to water tunnel experiment by cross correlation algorithm. The measure error is less than 2 %. The test results show that the developed system can measure and display the flow field accurately in complex flow field without touching and disturbing. The research work indicates that PIV has lots of potential applications in the underwater flow field measurement.     

Innovative Metallized Formulations for Solid Rocket Propulsion（英）

Several metallized solid rocket propellants,AP/Metal/HTPB in the ratio 68/18/14,were experimentally analyzed at the Space Propulsion Laboratory of Politecnico di Milano.Effects of the metals(micrometric and nanometric Al,B,Mg,and a variety of dual metals) on the performance of the propellant were studied and contrasted to a conventional micrometric aluminum(30 μm average grain size) taken as reference.It is shown that the propellant microstructure plays a fundamental role in controlling the critical aggregation/agglomeration phenomena occurring below and near the burning surface.Two specific effects of microstructure in terms of steady burning rate and average agglomerate size are illustrated.     

Customization Product Design Based on User‘s Emotion and Needs

The paper presents a design method that ensures the ingenuity of the product form as well as the whole and exact expression of user‘s needs. The key idea is to establish an automatic design system which can transform the users language needs into the product features in real-time. A rifle was taken as a research instance and soldiers were chosen as evaluation customers. The theory of fuzzy set and semantic difference are adopted to evaluate the relationship between user‘s needs and product features as well as their alternatives. FAHP (fuzzy analytic hierarchy process) is utilized to judge the users satisfactory forms. This method can also be applied to other product form designs.     

Optimization of process parameters of the activated tungsten inert gaswelding for aspect ratio of UNS S32205 duplex stainless steel welds

The activated TIG （ATIG） welding process mainly focuses on increasing the depth of penetration and the reduction in the width of weld bead has not been paid much attention. The shape of a weld in terms of its width-to-depth ratio known as aspect ratio has a marked influence on its solidification cracking tendency. The major influencing ATIG welding parameters, such as electrode gap, travel speed, current and voltage, that aid in controlling the aspect ratio of DSS joints, must be optimized to obtain desirable aspect ratio for DSS joints. Hence in this study, the above parameters of ATIG welding for aspect ratio of ASTM/UNS S32205 DSS welds are optimized by using Taguchi orthogonal array （OA） experimental design and other statistical tools such as Analysis of Variance （ANOVA） and Pooled ANOVA techniques. The optimum process parameters are found to be 1 mm electrode gap, 130 mm/min travel speed, 140 A current and 12 V voltage. The aspect ratio and the ferrite content for the DSS joints fabricated using the optimized ATIG parameters are found to be well within the acceptable range and there is no macroscopically evident solidification cracking. Copyright ？ 2014, China Ordnance Society. Production and hosting by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.     

Research on Influence of Damping Material on Structure Performance of Torpedo

Reducing the self-noise and radiated noise of torpedo is an effective way to enhance its detection and concealment capabilities.After discussing the basic principle on noise and vibration control and main noise sources in torpedo,the application of damping treatment for noise and vibration absorption was proposed in this paper.Compared composite materials(damping and metal materials)used as segment joint,their different contributions to the damping performance of base structure were investigated.The results show that the damping material can be used as segment joint effectively in vibration control.Taking cantilever beam as an example,four different damping treatments were compared in natural frequency and damping loss factor,the results show the influences of different damping layer layouts on the structure damping performance,and offer a reference for the torpedo shell design.     

Depth Control for AUV Based on RS-LSSVM

Aimed at uncertainties and model’s impreciseness, nonlinearity and time-variability of depth control system in autonomous underwater vehicle (AUV), a depth predictive control method was put forward based on rough set (RS) and least squares support vector machine (LSSVM). By using RS theory, the monitor data attribute of AUV was reduced to eliminate the redundant information and to improve efficiency. Then, LSSVM model was trained by using the reduced rules, and its parameters were optimized by using chaos theory for the higher accurate control. Taken an AUV typed NPS Phoenix as an example, its depth step response, horizontal rudder and pitch change were simulated. The simulation results show that the method improves the model’s accuracy and has better real-time response, fault-tolerant ability, reliability and strong anti-interfere capability.     

Investigation on the foaming behaviors of NC-based gun propellants

To prepare the porous NC-based （nitrocellulose-based） gun propellants, the batch foaming process of using supercritical CO2 as the physical blowing agent is used. The solubilities of CO2 in the single-base propellants and TEGDN （trimethyleneglycol dinitrate） propellants are measured by the gravimetric method, and SEM （scanning electron microscope） is used to observe the morphology of foamed propellants. The result shows that a large amount of CO2 could be dissolved in NC-based propellants. The experimental results also reveal that the energetic plasticizer TEGDN exerts an important influence on the pore structure. The triaxial tensile failure mechanism for solid-state nucleation is used to explain the nucleation of NC-based propellants in the solid state. Since some specific foaming behaviors of NC-based propellants can not be explained by the failure mechanism, a solid-state nucleation mechanism which revises the triaxial tensile failure mechanism is proposed and discussed. Copyright . 2014, China Ordnance Society. Production and hosting by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.     

Guidance Law Design Under Impact Angle Constraint Based on Nussbaum-type Gain Technique

Aiming at the guidance problem under impact angle constraint for homing missile against ground targets,a new adaptive robust nonlinear terminal guidance law was proposed in this paper.According to nonlinear kinetic relationship between the missile and target in vertical plane,a mathematic model was formulated while the motion of target and the system structure perturbation were regarded as limited disturbances.Based on the ideas of zeroing the rate of line-of-sight(LOS)angle and the impact angular tracking error,a nonlinear control strategy was contrived to obtain adaptive robust guidance law by adopting Nussbaum-type gain technique under a desired impact angle.The stability of guidance system in finite time is strictly proven by using Lyapunov stability theory.Finally,the numerical simulation verifies the effectiveness of the proposed scheme.