贝氏体钢等温淬火和淬火-配分复合工艺

 为了研究等温淬火和淬火-配分复合工艺对中碳高强贝氏体钢组织和力学性能的影响,采用组织观察、热模拟试验、X射线衍射分析和拉伸试验等手段,阐明等温淬火和淬火-配分复合工艺处理下的组织演变和性能变化。结果表明,等温淬火结合淬火-配分工艺可以细化粗大的块状马氏体/奥氏体岛,将粗大的马奥岛组织转化为薄膜状奥氏体和贫碳马氏体。与单独贝氏体相变或单独淬火-配分处理工艺相比,等温淬火结合淬火-配分复合工艺提高了中碳钢的力学性能。此外,与单独贝氏体相变或淬火-配分工艺相比,通过等温淬火和淬火-配分复合工艺可以获得更多碳含量较高的残余奥氏体。     

淬火-贝氏体区配分工艺及钢的组织性能

 Q&P（Quenching and Partitioning, 淬火配分）工艺在CCE条件下,通过采用[Ms]和[Mf]点之间的最佳淬火温度和低于[Ms]点的配分温度,避免配分阶段的贝氏体形成最终可以得到最高含量的残余奥氏体组织。但试验中得到不足体积分数8%的残余奥氏体含量限制了钢塑性的提高。通过提出淬火-贝氏体区配分工艺,并应用在(0.21～0.29)C-(1.5~2.0)Si-(1.5～2.1)Mn成分钢,得到了体积分数12%左右的残余奥氏体含量和25%左右的伸长率,同时强度保持在1 000～1 100 MPa,强塑积最高达到36.6 GPa·%。不同的淬火温度和配分温度试验结果表明,工艺变化对强度影响较低,伸长率和强塑积随着配分温度的提高而提高,其中270 ℃的淬火温度试样的提高幅度高于245 ℃淬火试样,采用Q&PB工艺得到了无碳贝氏体＋马氏体＋残余奥氏体的三相组织。淬火和贝氏体区配分得到了优异的强度和塑性的结合,为新一代汽车用钢的发展提供新的思路。     

一次淬火马氏体对Q&P钢组织和性能的影响

 研究了一次淬火马氏体对低合金钢经淬火和配分(Quenching and Partitioning,Q&P)工艺后微观组织和单轴拉伸性能的影响,用扫描电镜进行微观组织表征,用X射线法测量残留奥氏体量。试验结果表明,随着一次淬火马氏体比例的增加,二次淬火马氏体的尺寸和数量逐渐减少,残留奥氏体体积分数呈先增加后减少的趋势,一次淬火马氏体体积分数为40%时获得最大残留奥氏体体积分数为16.92%。一次淬火马氏体体积分数为30%～70%时试验钢获得了较高的塑性和强塑积,马氏体基体为钢提供了高强度,残留奥氏体在变形过程中的TRIP效应提高了钢的塑性。     

淬火工艺对马氏体高强钢组织和性能的影响

摘要：采用拉伸、冲击、金相、电子背散射衍射、透射电镜、X射线衍射等试验手段,研究了在线直接淬火+回火（DQT）与离线再加热淬火+回火（RQT）工艺对马氏体高强钢组织性能的影响。结果表明,2种试验钢组织均为板条马氏体,RQT试验钢原奥氏体晶粒及板条束呈等轴状,板条块较短,板条较宽,DQT试验钢原奥氏体晶粒呈扁平状,板条束贯穿整个晶粒,板条块呈细长状,板条宽度较小;位错强化是DQT试验钢强度较RQT高的主要原因;板条束为控制DQT和RQT试验钢韧性的最小单元;DQT试验钢大角晶界比例较低,其具有较大的马氏体板条束尺寸以及更高的位错密度,断裂应力较低,低温韧性较差。     

淬火温度对马氏体/铁素体双相钢组织性能的影响

双相钢具有优异的力学性能,而马氏体/铁素体的含量对其性能具有重要影响。通过实验调节淬火温度制备了不同马氏体体积分数的双相钢,采用金相显微镜对马氏体/铁素体组织形貌及分布进行了定性观察;其次利用电子背散射衍射技术(EBSD)并结合高斯拟合,发现马氏体/铁素体衍射花样衬度呈双峰分布,据此对钢中马氏体体积分数进行了定量统计。结果表明:淬火温度为730℃时,马氏体体积分数仅为19.09%。随淬火温度增加,双相钢中马氏体含量提高;于790℃淬火时,马氏体体积分数达到30.96%,提高了62%。此外,对试验双相钢力学性能进行对比分析发现:随淬火温度升高,双相钢的抗拉强度明显提高,屈服强度也呈上升趋势,这主要与马氏体含量增加有关;而双相钢延伸率显著降低,这主要是由于铁素体含量减少,且形貌由利于变形的针状转变为多边形所致。     

QP980淬火-配分钢MAG焊接头组织及力学性能

QP980淬火-配分钢属于第三代先进高强钢，具有强塑积高、成形性好等优点而成为汽车轻量化发展的重要材料。对国内某公司生产的1.5 mm厚的QP980淬火-配分钢采用机器人MAG焊(熔化极活性气体保护焊)进行焊接，分析焊接工艺参数对其焊接接头组织和力学性能的影响。考虑到焊接的淬火作用以及焊接接头的等强匹配原则，采用ER50-6焊丝作为填充材料。研究结果表明，在合适的焊接工艺窗口内，减小焊接热输入有利于提高焊接接头的强度，但对其塑性有不利影响。焊接接头横截面的组织和力学性能变化非常大，焊缝金属区主要由铁素体和珠光体组成，硬度较低，但能达到原始母材的硬度值；靠近焊缝的热影响区主要是完全相变区，该区是由原始母材组织发生奥氏体转变后冷却产生的以板条马氏体为主的组织，硬度较母材有较大提升，该区成为焊接接头的硬化区，而靠近母材的焊接热影响区主要包括两相区和回火区，两相区中部分组织发生了奥氏体转变，冷却后转变的组织较原始组织中的马氏体含量有所降低，硬度略有下降，而回火区是由原始组织中的铁素体、少量奥氏体以及发生了回火的马氏体组成，由于马氏体的回火作用，硬度也略有降低。在该钢的MAG焊中，焊接接头软化现...     

热变形对淬火配分低碳CrNi3Si2MoV钢组织和力学性能的影响

试验用CrNi3Si2MoV钢(/%:0.21C,1.75Si,0.29Mn,0.0060P,0.0007S,1.03Cr,2.86Ni,0.31Mo,0.08V)由50 kg真空感应炉冶炼,并锻成φ15 mm的钢棒。通过Gleeble-3800热模拟试验机、扫描、透射电镜(SEM、TEM)和X-射线衍射仪(XRD)等研究了1 200℃奥氏体化的CrNi3Si2MoV钢在750℃ 10%~70%热变形+淬火至330℃和550℃1 min的淬火分配(Q&P,Qnenching and Partitioning)处理后,热变形量对Q&P处理试验钢组织和硬度的影响。试验结果表明,热变形+Q&P处理后CrNi3Si2MoV钢的组织为板条奥氏体+5.7%~17.2%薄膜状残留奥氏体;变形量为30%时残留奥氏体量最大(17.2%),50%变形时HV值最大为448,当变形量达70%时该钢发生明显的再结晶,组织细化,钢的硬度降低。     

GCrl5钢中的马氏体-贝氏体复合组织及其强韧性的研究

本文选取GCrl5钢M5点以上240℃等温处理和M5点以下200℃预淬火-240℃等温处理两种试验工艺，舟别研究了先形成贝氏体(B)和先形成马氏体(M)的组织及其强韧性。试验结果表明，在两种工艺获得M—B复台组织中，当M/B的组成比相同时，均表现出良好的强韧性配合。因此，有关先形成等温贝氏体对原奥氏体晶粒的分割及其所引起的马氏体细化模型，在改善高碳铬轴承钢的强韧性方面并无明显效果。     

不同马氏体体积分数双相钢的显微组织变化特征

采用光学显微镜表征了双相钢中不同马氏体体积分数情况下的组织特征,观察结果表明：低马氏体体积分数情况下,马氏体完全呈岛状或者颗粒状;随着马氏体体积分数的增加,组织中出现光学可见的板条马氏体,但颗粒状马氏体岛数量减少;当马氏体体积分数进一步增加,板条马氏体成为主导相,颗粒状马氏体岛几乎消失。结合热力学分析可知,马氏体量增加导致马氏体内部C、Mn含量的减少,这是马氏体形态变化的可能原因之一。     

马氏体时效钢和低碳马氏体钢的组织及其机械性能

当今，采用节约合金的03Cr11Ni10Mo2Ti（з-П678型）的马氏体时效钢（MCC）制造大型的零件和强度达1000—1400MPa重要用途的结构。为保证这样高的强度，规定该钢种（MCC）的回火温度（500～560℃）要比具有最大强度时的回火温度高40～60℃。在回火状态该钢种（MCC）的组织是无碳的马氏体团和Ni，Ti、Fe2Mo等金属间化合物的弥散析出物组成。这种组织在规定的强度水平下能保证高的冲击韧性值和高的抗裂性。     

Microstructure and Wear Resistance in Medium and High C Steels Treated by Quenching and Partitioning

The quenching and partitioning (Q&P) steels have shown to be promising candidates to be applied in fields where wear resistance is required. In this study, a medium and a high C steel are heat treated by Q&P and the resulting microstructure, hardness, and wear resistance are characterized. The mechanical stability of the austenite phase under wear test conditions is investigated. It is found that the stability of austenite is very high in the high C steel and decreases in the medium C steel. Additionally, the hardness and wear behavior of the Q&P-treated steels are compared with the results obtained for quenching and tempering (Q&T) treated samples, showing that, although the hardness of Q&P steels is quite lower, the obtained wear rates are similar. It means that in the studied Q&P steels, although the austenite transformation into martensite does not occur considerably, the presence of austenite might play a key role in the wear resistance.     

Quenching and Partitioning of CMnSi Steels Containing Elevated Manganese Levels

Quenching and partitioning (Q&P) is receiving increased attention as a potential processing route to develop “Third Generation” advanced high strength steel (AHSS) properties. The Q&P process consists of quenching a steel from a reheat temperature to a pre‐determined temperature in the M_s ? M_f temperature region followed by a so‐called partitioning treatment at the quench temperature or higher. The present contribution investigates the Q&P response of laboratory‐processed CMnSi alloys with 3 or 5 wt% manganese. Samples were processed at quench temperatures between 70 and 250°C with partitioning temperatures of 400 and 450°C for times up to 100 s. Scanning electron microscopy and X‐ray diffraction were utilized to evaluate the Q&P microstructures. Attractive properties were generated with tensile strength/total elongation combinations such as 1500 MPa and 17%.     

Q&P钢热处理工艺的开发进展

Q&P钢的工艺概念已提出了有些年了,它作为一种热处理工艺,生产的组织具有马氏体和富C的亚稳残余奥氏体.工艺包括:控制淬火形成部分的马氏体,然后热处理以使C从过饱和的马氏体中转移到残余奥氏体中.潜在的应用包括具有好的成型性和抗断裂的高强度钢.应用该工艺可生产薄板和厚板,以及用从长锻材生产热处理元件,甚至于铸铁.自2003年一直在实验室研究,早期的工作结果已有发表.近期的研究主要集中于机理方面的细节.国际范围的独立团队在此研究领域也有很多进展.     

Effect of Testing Temperature on Retained Austenite Stability of Cold Rolled CMnSi Steels Treated by Quenching and Partitioning Process

The effect of testing temperature on retained austenite (RA) stability of industrially cold rolled CMnSi sheet steel treated by quenching and partitioning (Q&P) process has been investigated by observing the deformation and transformation behavior of RA at different testing temperatures. Uniaxial tensile properties at different temperatures were determined and a correlation between RA stability and mechanical properties were also established. Ultimate tensile strength increases monotonously when temperature decreases, while total elongation reaches an optimum value between 0 and 20°C, where RA exhibits the greatest TRIP effect. Work hardening rate was calculated to decrease through three different stages in an oscillation manner, leading to significant enhancement in both strength and ductility. The kinetic of deformation‐induced martensite transformation is also studied and the stability of RA can be evaluated by comparing the kinetic parameter β.     

Phase Stability of Residual Austenite in 60Si2Mn Steels Treated by Quenching and Partitioning

 The residual austenite and its stability in commercial 60Si2Mn steel treated by quenching and partitioning (Q-P) were investigated. The Q-P heat treatment was carried out using a system of ordinary electric furnace—oil bath box—electric furnace. Cryogenic treatments at different temperatures were performed to assess the thermal stability of residual austenite. The microstructure, particularly residual austenite, was analyzed using optical microscope and X-ray diffraction (XRD), and the microhardness and Rockwell hardness were measured. The residual austenite with the volume fraction as much as 137% and the HRC hardness level of 41 were achieved, and the residual austenite is relatively stable.     

On the role of Manganese Partitioning in Metastable Austenite by Quenching and Partitioning Treatment

With the aim to study the role of “frozen” concentration gradient of manganese (Mn) element in stability of retained austenite (RA) with multiple-stage martensite transformation, a series of intercritical annealing (IA) temperatures is conducted before quenching and partitioning (Q&P) treatment. Morphology and distribution of RA are observed by field emission gun scanning electron microscope and electron back-scatter diffraction. The volume fraction (7%–16%) and stability of metastable RA is found to be affected profoundly by IA temperature. Thermodynamic and kinetic analysis are conducted to elucidate the evolution of RA in process of IAQP treatment. The predicted levels of RA are in good accordance with measurements. It is found that the inhomogeneous partitioning of Mn in period of IA, combining with the incomplete partitioning of carbon during Q&P, radically regulated the Q&P microstructure. The incomplete partitioning of carbon in RA, with excess carbon segregation at dislocations and boundaries, lead to partition-less bainite transformation owing to the average carbon content in RA lower than the “T_o” threshold.