Novel approach to fast determination of multiple pesticide residues using ultra-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS).

A rapid, high-throughput method employing ultra-performance liquid chromatography with tandem quadrupole mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS) was developed and optimized for simultaneous quantification and confirmation of 64 pesticide residues and their toxic metabolites in fruit extracts prepared by a buffered QuEChERS procedure. The total time required for UPLC-MS/MS analysis was 8 min plus 2 min for re-equilibration to the initial UPLC conditions. Performance characteristics were determined for apple extracts spiked at 10 microg kg(-1). The repeatability of measurements expressed as relative standard deviations was in the range 1.5-13% at this level for most analytes. Thanks to very low limits of quantification (<10 microg kg(-1)for the majority of pesticides), an optimized method allows for the reliable control of not only common maximum residue limits (MRLs) set by European Union regulation for various pesticides/fruit combinations, but also of a uniform MRL of 10 microg kg(-1)endorsed for baby food.     

Novel approach to fast determination of multiple pesticide residues using ultra-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS)

A rapid, high-throughput method employing ultra-performance liquid chromatography with tandem quadrupole mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS) was developed and optimized for simultaneous quantification and confirmation of 64 pesticide residues and their toxic metabolites in fruit extracts prepared by a buffered QuEChERS procedure. The total time required for UPLC-MS/MS analysis was 8 min plus 2 min for re-equilibration to the initial UPLC conditions. Performance characteristics were determined for apple extracts spiked at 10 µg kg^?1. The repeatability of measurements expressed as relative standard deviations was in the range 1.5–13% at this level for most analytes. Thanks to very low limits of quantification (<10 µg kg^?1for the majority of pesticides), an optimized method allows for the reliable control of not only common maximum residue limits (MRLs) set by European Union regulation for various pesticides/fruit combinations, but also of a uniform MRL of 10 µg kg^?1endorsed for baby food.     

QuEChERS-超高效液相色谱-串联质谱法测定茶叶中3种杀虫剂手性农药

目的 建立超高效液相色谱-串联质谱法(ultra performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry,UPLC-MS/MS)测定普洱茶(晒青毛茶和普洱熟茶)中呋虫胺、水胺硫磷、茚虫威等3种手性杀虫剂对映异构体的分析方法.方法 采用1％乙酸的乙腈作为提取溶...     

分散固相萃取-气相色谱-串联质谱法测定茉莉花茶中86种农药残留

以QuEChERS（Quick,Easy,Cheap,Effective,Rugged,Safe）法为前处理技术,优化净化吸附剂组合和用量,改进净化方式,并以气相色谱-串联质谱（gas chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry,GC-MS/MS）法为检测手段,建立茉莉花茶中86 种农药残留筛查检测方法。样品用乙腈提取,提取液经饱和的氯化钠溶液萃取,取有机相,转移至装有混合吸附剂和有机滤膜的针筒中完成净化与过滤,GC-MS/MS测定,外标法定量。86 种农药线性范围在5～400 μg/kg之间线性关系良好,相关系数（r2）在0.98以上,方法定量限为0.1～8.0 μg/kg。当添加水平为80 μg/kg时,91.8%的农药平均加标回收率在70.1%～116.0%之间,相对标准偏差为1.9%～11.4%。     

超高效液相色谱-串联质谱法测定肉制品中的虾过敏原

目的：建立超高效液相色谱-串联质谱（ultra performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry,UPLC-MS/MS）法检测肉制品中虾过敏原的定量方法。方法：选取基质较为复杂的肉制品（西式火腿、香肠和肉丸）作为研究对象。样品经磷酸盐缓冲液（Phosphate buffer solution,PBS）超声提取30 min,离心（10000 r/min,15℃,10 min）后加入乙腈去除脂肪,取样液加入内标肽段（2.5μmol/L,40μL）和胰蛋白酶（1 mg/mL,10μL）在37℃下酶解16 h后上液质进行分析,样品经T3柱进行分离,0.1%甲酸-水溶液和乙腈梯度洗脱,多反应监测（multiple reaction monitoring,MRM）正离子模式采集数据,内标法定量。结果：采用该方法测定肉制品中虾过敏原蛋白含量,其中定量肽段在0.001～2.0μmol/L范围内,线性关系良好,决定系数R2为1.0000,检出限为0.67 mg/kg,定量限为2.00 mg/kg;在三个加标浓度水平下,回收率为83.2%...     

超高效液相色谱-串联质谱法测定梨中多抗·喹啉铜多残留

目的 建立超高效液相色谱-串联质谱法(ultra performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry,UPLC-MS/MS)测定梨中多抗霉素B、喹啉铜多残留的分析方法.方法 喹啉铜在酸性条件下转化为8-羟基喹啉后,其与多抗霉素B经1％乙酸溶液与甲醇(95...     

Routine approach to qualitatively screening 300 pesticides and quantification of those frequently detected in fruit and vegetables using liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS)

This paper describes an efficient and effective analytical scheme to first screen for 300 pesticides in fruit and vegetables samples using liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) with a commercially enhanced product ion method. Then presumed positive extracts are analysed using a quantitative and confirmatory LC-MS/MS method optimized for 55 pesticides. A quick, easy, cheap, effective, rugged, and safe (QuEChERS) method with acetate buffering (AOAC Official Method 2007.01) was used for sample preparation, which has been previously shown to yield high-quality results for hundreds of pesticide residues in foods. The advantages and disadvantages of both the qualitative screening and quantitative/confirmatory methods and their combination are critically discussed. No false-negatives for the 55 pesticides occurred above 10 ng g^?1 for extracts analysed by both LC-MS/MS methods, and the no false-positives were encountered from the screening analysis (after analyst review) because all presumptive identifications were confirmed in the second analysis. The monitoring scheme was applied during a one-year period on 200 fruit and vegetable samples from Hungarian markets. No pesticide residues were found in half the samples, and twelve violations of European maximum residue limits were detected.     

Analysis of deoxynivalenol, masked deoxynivalenol, and Fusarium graminearum pigment in wheat samples, using liquid chromatography-UV-mass spectrometry

Tolerable limits set for deoxynivalenol (DON) do not consider DON conjugates such as DON-3-glucoside. Conjugates may be metabolized in vivo to DON. Such masked mycotoxins and the potentially toxic Fusarium pigment are not routinely analyzed in cereals. We quantified DON, DON-3-glucoside, and a red Fusarium pigment in hard red spring wheat, using a new liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry method. Extraction protocols using centrifugation and shaking, and methanol-methylene chloride (50:50 [vol/vol]) or acetonitrile-water (84:16 [vol/vol]) were assessed. Purposively and randomly selected hard spring wheat samples were extracted with solvent filtered through a C18 column and analyzed using liquid chromatography-UV-mass spectrometry. Isocratic mobile phase (70% methanol) was used. Recoveries were 96.4% (DON) and 70.0% (DON-3-glucoside), while limits of detection were 1 microg/kg (MS) and 10 microg/kg (UV), and limits of quantification were 1 microg/kg (UV) and 0.5 microg/kg (MS), respectively. The pigment limits of quantification and limits of detection on the MS were 4.3 and 0.0005 microg/kg, respectively. The purposively selected samples had DON, DON-3-glucoside, and pigment averages of 3.4 +/- 4.0 microg/g, 3.8 +/- 8.3 microg/g, and 0.31 +/- 3.71 g/kg, respectively. The randomly selected spring wheat had lower mean levels of DON (1.4 +/- 2.3 microg/g), DON-3-glucoside (0.2 +/- 1.0 microg/g), and pigment (147.93 +/- 247.84 microg/g). Analytical tools such as this new liquid chromatography-UV-mass spectrometry method can be used to quantify masked and parent mycotoxins, plus a potentially toxic pigment for risk assessment.     

QuEChERS-超高效液相色谱-串联质谱法同时检测辣椒中5种杀菌剂残留

建立QuEChERS-超高效液相色谱-串联质谱法同时检测鲜食辣椒中多菌灵、甲基硫菌灵、烯酰吗啉、嘧菌酯和苯醚甲环唑5种杀菌剂的分析方法。方法 样品经2.0%乙酸乙腈提取分离, 50 mg C18和20 mg GCB净化, 采用超高效液相色谱-串联质谱法检测, 基质外标法定量。结果 5种杀菌剂在0.01~1.00 mg/L质量浓度范围内, 峰面积与对应的质量浓度间线性关系良好, 相关系数均大于0.989; 5种杀菌剂在0.01、0.1和1.0 mg/kg添加水平下的平均回收率为74%~105%, 相对标准偏差为2.07%~9.61% (n=5), 方法定量限均为 0.01 mg/kg。贵州辣椒中5种杀菌剂的残留量为<0.01-0.092 mg/kg。结论 本方法满足农药残留检测分析要求, 适用于5种农药在鲜食辣椒中的多残留准确定性和定量分析以及市场监督抽查等。实际样品检测显示5种杀菌剂在贵州辣椒上的使用是安全的, 不会产生相关膳食风险与危害, 不影响出口贸易。     

UPLC-MS-MS快速测定烟草中131种农药残留量

采用QuEChERS-超高效液相色谱-串联质谱法建立了烟草中131种农药残留的同时测定方法,样品用1%乙酸-乙腈萃取,氯化钠和无水硫酸镁盐析,经PSA固相分散吸附剂净化,采用正负离子多反应监测（MRM）模式检测,外标法定量。结果表明,131种农药在1~200 μg/L范围内线性关系良好,决定系数（r²）均大于0.99,方法的检出限为0.05~24.50 μg/kg,131种目标物的平均回收率为65.3%~112.4%,RSD为3.2%~7.3%。该方法简便、快速、灵敏、可靠,适用于烟草中131种农药残留的快速测定。     

多壁碳纳米管/N-丙基乙二胺混合吸附-超高效液相色谱-串联质谱法测定普洱茶中3种手性杀菌剂农药残留

目的建立基于手性柱/超高效液相色谱-串联质谱法(ultra performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry,UPLC-MS/MS)测定普洱茶生茶和熟茶中3种手性农药(三唑酮、苯霜灵、丙环唑)对映体的分析方法。方法样品采用乙腈提取,氨基化多壁碳纳米管(aminated multi-walled carbon nanotubes,MWCNTs-NH2)和N-丙基乙二胺(primary secondary amine,PSA)混合吸附剂净化,经手性色谱柱Chiralpak-IG拆分,超高效液相-串联质谱法检测,基质外标法定量。结果 3种农药外消旋体在0.005～1.0 mg/L范围内均呈良好线性关系,定量限(limits of quantification,LOQ)为0.005～0.01 mg/kg。在3种手性农药单个对映体含量为0.1、0.01、0.0025 mg/kg加标水平下平均回收率为70.1%～110.6%,相对标准偏差(relative standard deviation,RSD)(n=6)为1.2%～13.5%。结论该方法准确、简单、灵敏,可以满足普洱茶中3种手性农药对映体残留的检测要求。     

Determination of mepiquat chloride in grape, wine and juice by liquid chromatography with electrospray tandem mass spectrometry

A simple and rapid method was developed for the analysis of mepiquat chloride in grape, wine and juice by high-performance liquid chromatography with electrospray tandem mass spectrometry (LC/MS/MS). Mepiquat chloride was extracted with water-methanol (1:1). Extracted solution was adjusted to pH 10 with ammonia solution. A part of the extracted solution was cleaned up on a styrenedivinylbenzene (SDVB) cartridge for LC/MS/MS. The LC separation was performed on a C18 column (50 mm x 2 mm i.d.) using 0.1% IPCC-MS7-methanol (60:40) as the mobile phase at a flow rate of 0.2 mL/min. The mass spectral acquisition was done in the positive ion mode by applying selected reaction monitoring (SRM). The recoveries of mepiquat chloride from fresh grape, wine and juice fortified at 5 microg/kg and 50 microg/kg were 84.5-96.1%. The lower limit of quantification was 1 microg/kg. Fourteen fresh grape samples, 14 wines (white), 36 wines (red) and 11 juice samples were analyzed by this method. Mepiquat chloride was detected in 5 fresh grape samples, 3 wines (white) and 1 wine (red) at the level of 12.8-199 microg/kg, 5.7-47.7 microg/kg and 24.1 microg/kg, respectively.     

Multi-residue method for the confirmation of four avermectin residues in food products of animal origin by ultra-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry

A confirmatory method was developed for the rapid determination of abamectin, ivermectin, doramectin and eprinomectin residues in various food products of animal origin, such as pork muscle, pork liver, fish and milk. Samples were homogenized, extracted and de-proteinized by acetonitrile, cleaned via two-step cleaning procedure using Bond Elut C(18) SPE columns and then alumina-N cartridges. All the four avermectin residues in different animal-food products were simultaneously separated and determined by ultra-performance liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-ESI-MS/MS) within 3.5 min. Data acquisition under positive ESI-MS/MS was performed by applying multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) for both identification and quantification, and mass spectrometric conditions were optimized to increase selectivity and sensitivity. The matrix-matched calibration curves for different matrices, such as pork muscle, pork liver, fish and milk, were constructed and the interference effect of different sample matrices on the ionization was effectively eliminated. The UPLC-MS/MS method was validated with satisfactory linearity, recovery, precision and stability. Matrix-matched calibration curves of abamectin, ivermectin, doramectin and eprinomectin in four different matrices were linear (r(2)( )≥ 0.990, goodness-of-fit coefficients ≤12.8%) in the range 2.5-200 μg kg(-1). The limits of detection and quantification for the four avermectins were in the range 0.05-0.68 and 0.17-2.27 μg kg(-1), respectively. Recoveries were 62.4-104.5% with good intra- and inter-day precision. The method was rapid, sensitive and reliable, and can be applied to the quantitative analysis of avermectin residues in different animal-food products.     

苹果中19种有机磷农药的快速残留分析方法

本实验建立了一种水果中常见有机磷农药的快速残留测定方法。试样中残留农药用乙腈超声波振荡提取,气相色谱- 火焰光度检测器测定。19 种有机磷农药的添加浓度在0.05～1.5mg/kg 时,苹果中的平均回收率为73.4%～123.0%,相对标准偏差为0.34%～12.59%;方法的检测限LODs 范围为1.0～5.0μg/L,LOQs 范围为3.3～16.7μg/kg,该方法符合农药多残留分析要求。     

A multi-residue method for the determination of pesticides in high water content matrices by gas chromatography-single quadrupole mass spectrometry with electron ionisation (EI-GC/MS)

An EI-GC/MS method for the determination of pesticide residues in vegetable matrices with high water content was validated using papaya samples. The validation of a multi-residue pesticide method was in agreement with national and international regulations enabling the Ministry of the Agriculture, Livestock and Food Supply of Brazil to cover a large number of matrices and pesticide residues in its monitoring and control programmes. The extraction used 60 mL of ethyl acetate and 30 g of sample previously processed. After extraction, clean-up of all the extracts was carried out by percolation through GBC cartridges. The samples were then injected in an EI-GC/MS system. Calibration curves were prepared in quadruplet by fortifying blank extracts with a standard solution containing all the pesticides studied at 0.000, 0.005, 0.010, 0.020, 0.030, 0.050, 0.080 and 0.100 mg kg(-1). For the recovery study, blank samples were fortified at 0.010, 0.020, 0.030, 0.050 and 0.080 mg kg(-1) and then submitted to the extraction procedure. The complete procedure was repeated over four different days by two analysts. The regression parameters of calibration curves were calculated for each validation day. Linearity, selectivity, specificity, robustness, limits of detection and quantification were also assessed. The uncertainty was estimated for each analyte at each spike level studied. The method had recoveries between 91% and 105% and precision results ≤ 20%. Limits of quantification were below or equal to the maximum residue limits (MRLs) regulated by Brazilian legislation. The MRLs of the selected pesticides are not regulated by CODEX Alimentarius. The results are also in agreement with SANCO/10684/2009.     

多壁碳纳米管分散固相萃取净化在测定水产品中3 种微囊藻毒素的应用及与固相萃取法的比较

建立多壁碳纳米管净化-超高效液相色谱-串联质谱法对水产品中3?种微囊藻毒素残留量的测定方法。水产品用80%甲醇溶液提取,经多壁碳纳米管净化后,采用电喷雾正离子多反应监测模式进行分析。对不同性质碳纳米管进行考察,并对净化条件进行优化。将优化后的分散固相萃取条件与采用HLB柱固相萃取的净化方式进行比较,两者在1～50?μg/L范围内呈现良好的线性,线性相关系数均大于0.99,3?种微囊藻毒素的检出限为0.1～0.2?μg/kg。在不同浓度水平下进行加标实验,平均回收率在88.7%～95.5%之间,相对标准偏差不大于4.2%。该方法适用于水产品中微囊藻毒素的痕量检测。     

Screening method for the determination of 199 pesticides in agricultural products by gas chromatography/ion trap mass spectrometry (GC/MS/MS)

A screening method is described for determining 200 pesticides, except dimethipin, divided into four groups by means of gas chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry (GC/MS/MS) using an ion trap mass spectrometer equipped with automated gain control (AGC). The quantitation limit for 194 pesticides was 0.01 mg/kg on a crop basis, except for allidochlor, dimethoate, hexythiazox, methamidophos and triadimenol. The calibration curve of each pesticide was linear in the range of 0.04-5.0 microg/mL. One hundred and ninety-nine pesticides were added to matrix of potato, spinach, cabbage, apple, orange, soybean and unpolished rice at twice the limits of quantitation. The recoveries of 194 pesticides from all crops were satisfactory (50-150%) for screening purposes. Although some pesticides in apple and orange were not determined by selected ion monitoring (SIM) analysis at the limits of quantitation, all of them were identified by ion-trap GC/MS/MS at the same concentration. Thus, the ion trap GC/MS/MS technique is useful for the screening of residual pesticides present at low levels in agricultural products.     

超高效液相色谱-串联质谱法测定10种食品中的阿维菌素类药物残留

建立以超高效液相色谱-电喷雾串联质谱同时检测10种食品中的阿维菌素类药物(包括阿维菌素、伊维菌素、多拉菌素、依普菌素、莫西丁克和塞拉菌素6种大环内酯类药物)残留的确证方法。样品用乙腈提取,45℃旋蒸蒸干,再用乙腈-水(1:9,V/V)溶液复溶,PEP-C18混合固相萃取柱净化,氮气吹干后用乙腈定容,超高效液相色谱-串联质谱测定,电喷雾正离子(ESI+)、多反应模式下监测;结果表明,6种药物在5～250μg/kg范围内线性良好(R2＞0.99),3个添加水平下,6种药物的回收率在60%～99%之间,相对标准偏差为0.2%～8.9%。6种药物的定量限(RSN≥10)均达5.0μg/kg,符合痕量分析的要求。     

Multiresidue method for determination of pesticides in fruits and vegetables by GC/MS (SCAN) and LC/MS (SIM)

A rapid multiresidue method has been developed for determination of many pesticides in fruits and vegetables using GC/MS and LC/MS. The method of analysis was the same as that reported by Kakimoto et al. in 2003 except for the use of LC/MS. Good recoveries in the range of 70-120% were obtained for 70 (32 by GC/MS, 38 by LC/MS) of 113 pesticides spiked at 0.1 microg/g into fruits and vegetables. For screening purposes, the method could be appiled to 82 pesticides. Considering the report by Kakimoto et al. in 2004, 177 pesticides were suitable for screening by this method. The limits of detection were 0.001-0.015 microg/g (by GC/MS) and < 0.001-0.010 microg/g (by LC/MS). The calibration curves were linear for most pesticides, with correlation coefficients of 0.976-1.000 (by GC/MS) and 0.968-1.000 (by LC/MS). The values obtained for fruits and vegetables naturally contaminated with pesticides by this method were nearly equal to those by the official method.     

QuEChERS前处理结合超高效液相色谱-串联质谱法同时检测茶叶中14种农药残留

建立了QuEChERS（Quick,Easy,Cheap,Effective,Rugged,Safe）前处理结合超高效液相色谱-串联质谱法（UPLC-MS/MS）测定茶叶中14种农药残留的方法。茶叶样品经含1%乙酸的乙腈提取,QuEChERS净化柱净化后直接进行UPLC-MS/MS测定。比较了4种QuEChERS净化柱对茶叶提取液的净化效果和农药残留的回收率,选取净化效果和回收率最好的净化柱进一步考察方法的基质效应、线性关系、回收率等。结果表明,方法的检出限为0.001~2.000 μg/L,定量限为0.003~5.000 μg/L;14种农药在相应浓度范围内呈良好的线性关系,决定系数R2为0.9926~0.9989。在100、500、800 μg/kg 3个添加水平下14种农药的回收率为71.2%~117.4%,相对标准偏差为1.1%~14.2%。该方法具有操作简单快速、灵敏度高、回收率好等优点,能够满足茶叶中多农残快速检测要求。