改进的SC-FDE块迭代判决反馈均衡器

在单载波频域传输(SC-FDE)系统中,块迭代判决反馈均衡器(IBDFE)明显提升了传统线性频域均衡器的性能.未知发送信号与迭代判决信号的相关因子估计是其关键技术,直接影响均衡器的性能.首先对IBDFE相关因子估计算法进行了改进,同时提出一种基于独特字(UW)帧结构的估计方法.该方法利用独特字的已知性和恒包络性进行判决,基于此判决方式使相关因子得到更精准的估计.实验结果表明,两种方法对IBDFE的性能有较为明显的提升.     

A fast computation algorithm for the decision feedback equalizer

A novel fast algorithm for computing the minimum MSE decision feedback equalizer settings is proposed. The equalizer filters are computed indirectly, first by estimating the channel, and then by computing the coefficients in the frequency domain with the discrete Fourier transform (DFT). Approximating the correlation matrices by circulant matrices facilitates the whole computation with very small performance loss. The fractionally spaced equalizer settings are derived. The performance of the fast algorithm is evaluated through simulation. The effects of the channel estimation error and finite precision arithmetic are briefly analyzed. Results of simulation show the superiority of the proposed scheme     

SC-FDE系统的一种新型判决反馈均衡器

针对单载波频域均衡系统MMSE均衡器存在残留码间干扰的缺点,提出MMSE-RISIC判决反馈均衡器消除残留码间干扰.MMSE-RISIC均衡器采用传统MMSE均衡后的判决数据,对残留码间干扰进行估计并消除.残留码间干扰的估计主要采用FFT和IFFT运算,与其他方法相比计算量较小.对该均衡器在不同信道下进行了计算机仿真,结果表明,在频率选择性衰落信道条件下,系统性能有了较为明显的提高.     

Adaptive multichannel decision feedback equalization for volterra type nonlinear communication channels

A model-based approach for the decision feedback equalization of Volterra type nonlinear communication channels is proposed such that the linear model-based decision feedback equalization can be considered as a special case of the proposed approach. In designing the decision feedback equalizer, the nonlinear decision feedback equalization problem is visualized as a linear, multichannel equalization problem. A complete modified Gram–Schmidt orthogonalization of the input vector is achieved by using modified sequential processing multichannel lattice stages. The elements of the multichannel desired signal vector are then estimated from the new orthogonal set by using only scalar operations. The probability of error performance of the proposed equalizer is improved by the estimation of the elements of the desired signal vector through a sigmoid activation function so that a polynomial perceptron equalizer is realized. The comparative computational complexity calculations and performance results of the proposed decision feedback equalizer are also provided.     

基于线性化因子更新的频域迭代判决反馈均衡

迭代块判决反馈均衡(Iterative Block Decision Feedback Equalization,IBDFE)是单载波频域均衡中一种行之有效的非线性均衡算法,但算法计算复杂度随迭代次数增加而增大。本文针对传统IBDFE算法的不足提出一种基于线性因子更新的频域迭代判决反馈均衡算法,利用了线性因子更新来降低均衡器复杂度,并引入修正因子计算反馈滤波器系数以避免性能损失。仿真结果表明,所提出算法性能与传统IBDFE算法相比复杂度降低且在误比特率为10-5时有0.12 dB的性能增益,与已有的低复杂度算法(Low-Complexity IBDFE,LC-IBDFE)相比有0.1 dB的性能增益。      

适用于SerDes接收器DFE的高速动态比较器

在SerDes电路中,高速数据传输的关键在于均衡的速率,因此随着SerDes对数据传输速率要求越来越高,对SerDes中接收器的判决反馈均衡器的速率要求也在提高。作为自适应判决反馈均衡器的关键组成部分,比较器的延时大小决定了自适应均衡器的判决容限。为了满足低压应用对高速率比较器的低延迟要求,文章基于传统双尾比较器提出一种新的适用于SerDes接收器中判决反馈均衡器的高速差分信号动态比较器电路。在TSMC 28 nm CMOS工艺下,当电源电压为1 V时,平均延迟时间为52.58 ps,可满足高达15 Gbit/s数据速率的判决反馈均衡器应用需求。     

非线性信道判决反馈均衡器

本文针对严重线性失真、轻度非线性失真的信道提出了一种简单实用的非线性信道判决反馈均衡器。它是一个将关联模型非线性信道均衡器与线性信道判决反馈均衡器相结合的产物。对典型的非线性信道模型所做的模拟试验表明,该均衡器不仅简单实用、便于实时处理,而且均衡性能得到较大的改善。     

A DECISION FEEDBACK EQUALIZER FOR NON-LINEAR CHANNELS

A Simple and useful decision feedback equalizer used for non-linear channels with severe linear distortion and mild non-linear distortion is proposed. It is a combination of a nonlinear channel equalizer based on connectionist model and a common decision feedback equalizer for linear channels. For a typical non-linear channel model it is shown that the equalization performances of the proposed equalizer are improved significantly.     

Adaptive Bayesian equalizer with decision feedback

A Bayesian solution is derived for digital communication channel equalization with decision feedback. This is an extension of the maximum a posteriori probability symbol-decision equalizer to include decision feedback. A novel scheme utilizing decision feedback that not only improves equalization performance but also reduces computational complexity greatly is proposed. It is shown that the Bayesian equalizer has a structure equivalent to that of the radial basis function network, the latter being a one-hidden-layer artificial neural network widely used in pattern classification and many other areas of signal processing. Two adaptive approaches are developed to realize the Bayesian solution. The maximum-likelihood Viterbi algorithm and the conventional decision feedback equalizer are used as two benchmarks to asses the performance of the Bayesian decision feedback equalizer     

Adaptive Decision Feedback Space–Time Equalization With Generalized Sidelobe Cancellation

In wireless communications, cochannel interference (CCI) and intersymbol interference (ISI) are two main factors that limit system performance. Conventionally, a beamformer is used to reduce CCI, whereas an equalizer is used to compensate for ISI. These two devices can be combined into one as space–time equalizer (STE). A training sequence is usually required to train the STE prior to its use. In some applications, however, spatial information corresponding to a desired user is available, but the training sequence is not. In this paper, we propose an adaptive decision feedback STE to cope with this problem. Our scheme consists of an adaptive decision feedback generalized sidelobe canceller (DFGSC), a blind decision feedback equalizer (DFE), and a channel estimator. Due to the feedback operation, the proposed DFGSC is not only superior to the conventional generalized sidelobe canceller but also robust to multipath channel propagation and spatial signature error. Theoretical results are derived for optimum solutions, convergence behavior, and robustness properties. With the special channel-aided architecture, the proposed blind DFE can reduce the error propagation effect and be more stable than the conventional blind DFE. Simulation results show that the proposed STE is effective in mitigating both CCI and ISI, even in severe channel environments.      

针对判决反馈均衡器的部分ⅡR提前结构及其应用

给出一种可以用于高速数字接收的特殊的判决反馈均衡器结构。为减少FIR内多径传播影响到ⅡR内的多径响应，而将部分ⅡR提前于FIR，以得到更快的系数收敛速度。在此基础上的数据仿真，比较了提前结构同普通结构的性能差异，验证了该结构可以使均衡器在严重畸变的信道条件下得到更快的收敛速度。最后，介绍了提前结构的最新的高清晰度电视8VSB接收机中的应用。     

基于多用户反馈的判决反馈均衡器的研究

本文提出的一种新颖的基于多用户反馈的判决反馈均衡器,解决了在CDMA多用户检测中传统自适应判决反馈均衡器误码率高、系统容量小的缺点.它由具有误差反馈滤波器的判决反馈均衡器(Decision Feedback Equalizer with Error Feedback Filter,DFE-EFF)构成,并在判决后反馈多用户数据抵消多址干扰(多用户反馈干扰抵消).文中给出其结构图,分析各种判决反馈均衡算法.理论证明,具有误差反馈滤波器的多用户反馈干扰抵消判决反馈均衡器(多用户反馈干扰抵消DFE-EFF)较各种判决反馈均衡器为最优,它能同时有效处理ISI,MAI和噪声的干扰.仿真结果表明,在误码率性能和系统容量两方面,多用户反馈干扰抵消DFE-EFF比DFE、DFE-EFF均有较大改善.     

A Hammerstein-type equalizer for concatenated fiber-wireless uplink

In optical fiber-based wireless access schemes, the radio signal is transmitted through fiber without frequency conversion radio-over-fiber (ROF). Although the fiber has adequate bandwidth, nonlinear distortion due to electrical to optical (E/O) conversion is a concern. In the uplink, the dynamic multipath wireless channel is followed by this static memoryless ROF link; this forms a Wiener system. In this paper, we propose a Hammerstein type decision feedback equalizer (HDFE) for the fiber-wireless uplink to combat the nonlinear distortion and the wireless channel dispersion. The proposed equalizer is less complex because it handles static and dynamic distortions separately. The nonlinear distortion is compensated first, reducing the power of cross modulation products significantly. Analytical results show that the lower bound of the mean squared error depends on the optical and wireless channel noise. The bit error rate (BER) performance of the HDFE for the nonlinear channel approaches the performance of a decision feedback equalizer (DFE) in a linear channel when the nonlinearity is adequately compensated.     

基于多小波双变换的非线性卫星信道盲均衡算法

针对非线性卫星信道Volterra盲均衡系统收敛缓慢、计算复杂高等不足,提出了基于多小波双变换的非线性卫星信道盲均衡算法.该算法用Wiener均衡器代替Volterra均衡器,减小了均衡器结构的复杂性;用平衡正交多小波对Wiener均衡器的输入信号进行变换,降低了输入信号的自相关性;在Wiener均衡器输出端增加一级判决反馈滤波器,同时对其输入信号作平衡多小波变换,又降低了判决反馈滤波器输出信号的自相关性.仿真结果验证了该算法的有效性.     

基于序列检测的块判决辅助Turbo均衡器

该文针对高斯分布假设条件下逐符号检测均衡器的不足,提出了一种基于序列检测的块判决辅助Turbo均衡器(Turbo-BDAE)。新算法利用译码全信息估计发送序列,提高了序列估计的可靠性,引入软判决可以降低硬判决引起的错误扩散,同时结合序列检测为均衡器输出的后验概率(APP)估计提供了更可靠的信息。仿真表明,该均衡器在保持相近复杂度的同时,进一步提升了均衡系统性能,优于逐符号LMMSE均衡器和硬反馈BDFE。     

反馈联合检测算法性能上限研究

反馈联合检测算法通常可为迫零数据块判决反馈均衡器(ZF-BDFE)和最小均方差数据块判决反馈均衡器(MMSE-BDFE)算法。本文研究了反馈联合检测算法性能及其上限,提出了算法性能上限的分析结构。研究表明,MMSE- BDFE算法性能优于ZF-BDFE；ZF-BDFE和MMSE-BDFE分别与各自算法性能上限之间相差均不会超过0．5dB。反馈联合检测算法可以满足实际通信系统的要求,应用前景良好。     

The Parallel Decision Feedback and Feedforward Equalizer

We illustrate a new type of nonlinear equalizer, obtained by placing a decision feedback equalizer and a decision feedforward equalizer in parallel. This type of equalizer, called a "parallel decision feedback and feedforward equalizer" or, briefly, a "composite equalizer," is characterized by substantially reduced error propagation if the eye diagram is open at the input of the decision device of the decision feedback equalizer and of the first decision device of the decision feedforward equalizer. The composite equalizer may be conveniently built up using a single decision device in the decision feedforward equalizer.     

Low complexity soft-input soft-output block decision feedback equalization

A low complexity soft-input soft-output (SISO) block decision feedback equalizer (BDFE) is presented for turbo equalization. The proposed method employs a sub-optimum sequence-based detection, where the soft-output of the equalizer is calculated by evaluating an approximation of the sequence-based a posteriori probability (APP) of the data symbol. The sequence-based APP approximation is enabled by the adoption of both soft a priori information and soft decision feedback, and it leads to better performance and faster convergence compared to symbol-based detection methods as used by most other low complexity equalizers. The performance and convergence property of the proposed algorithm is analyzed by using extrinsic information transfer (EXIT) chart. Both analytical and simulation results show that the new equalizer can achieve a performance similar to that of trellis-based equalization algorithms, with a complexity similar to linear SISO minimum mean square error equalizers.     

基于小波包变换和判决反馈RBF网络的组合均衡器

本文提出了一种基于小波包变换和判决反馈RBF网络的组合非线性均衡器的结构和算法.首先将信号进行小波包分解,再将分解后的信号分量送入带有判决反馈结构的RBF神经网络进行均衡.一方面,小波包具有很强的去相关能力,可以提高均衡器的收敛速度;另一方面,RBF神经网络具有较强的非线性模式分类能力,可降低均衡器的均方误差.在仿真实验中,针对无线通信数字信号传输过程中由于多径效应和信道衰落而产生的码间干扰(ISI)问题,比较了最小均方(LMS)算法和组合均衡器算法的均衡效果,结果表明,组合均衡算法具有更快的收敛速度,更低的误码率.     

An adaptive line equalizer LSI for ISDN subscriber loops

An adaptive line equalizer LSI applied to a time-compression multiplexing transmission system, which transfers 320-kb/s AMI coded signals to provide the 144-kb/s (2B+D) transmission capacity recommended by CCITT, is described. The √f equalizer can adaptively equalize up to 53-dB cable loss at Nyquist frequency (160 kHz), using switched-capacitor filter (SCF) technology. The equalizer transfer function is optimized in the time domain. The coarse automatic gain control circuit is composed of a fourth-order SCF. A high-speed operational amplifier, with wide output voltage swing and excellent stability against load capacitance variation, has been developed. The equalizer enables 5.5-km transmission over 0.5-mm diameter cable with two bridged taps because of its wide gain dynamic range and the use of decision feedback. A small chip size, 6.2×6.6 mm, and low power consumption, 80 mW (from a 5-V single supply), are achieved in 3-μm CMOS technology