纳米Al2O3/Ni复合电刷镀层的微动磨损特性

利用电刷镀技术制备了纳米Al2O3/Ni复合镀层,研究了镀层与GCr15摩擦副从室温到500℃的微动磨损特性,并采用扫描电子显微镜观察了磨痕微观形貌.结果表明:镀层的微动运行区域包括部分滑移区、混合区和滑移区;在微动初期迅速增大的摩擦因数在稳定阶段有所降低;随着试验温度的上升,摩擦因数显著降低,但当试验温度为500℃时,摩擦因数又有所上升;复合电刷镀层的显微硬度随温度升高而显著下降,导致其抗磨损性能降低.复合电刷镀层在室温下的微动损伤主要表现为剥层,而在200℃以上时主要表现为剥层和粘着.     

TiAlZr合金微动磨损性能研究

采用高精度液压式微动磨损试验机研究了TiA lZr合金在不同微动运行区域的微动磨损行为,建立了其运行工况微动图。试验结果表明:滑移区、混合区和部分滑移区的摩擦因数随循环次数变化呈现不同的规律,其中部分滑移区摩擦因数较低,磨损体积随着位移幅值的增大而增大;滑移区、混合区磨损体积随着法向载荷的增加而增大,而部分滑移区磨损体积随着法向载荷的增加而减小;滑移区磨屑堆积于中心区域,磨损以磨粒磨损和剥层机制为主;混合区磨损机制主要表现为粘着磨损与磨粒磨损并存;部分滑移区磨损轻微。     

等离子喷涂WC-12Co涂层滑移区高温微动磨损特性研究

利用等离子喷涂技术在TiAlZr钛合金基材上制备了WC-12Co涂层.XRD分析表明,等离子喷涂WC-12Co涂层主要以WC和W2C两相存在,并伴随少量的W,CoO和Co相.采用高精度高温液压式微动磨损试验机研究了涂层的微动磨损行为,用扫描电镜(SEM)、能谱仪(EDS)、激光共焦扫描显微镜(LCSM)对等离子喷涂WC-12Co涂层大气氛围中从室温(25 ℃)至400 ℃的滑移区微动磨损特性进行了研究,并与无涂层的TiAlZr钛合金基材进行了比较.结果表明:在室温(25 ℃)至400 ℃范围内,等离子喷涂WC-12Co涂层的摩擦因数随着温度的升高明显上升,而磨损体积基本不变;在此温度范围内,涂层的摩擦因数比基材低,磨损体积也比基材明显要低;等离子喷涂WC-12Co涂层提高了TiAlZr钛合金的抗高温微动磨损性能,其在室温(25 ℃)至400 ℃范围内的磨损机制主要以剥层形式为主,局部会有磨粒磨损.     

AZ91D镁合金微动磨损特性研究

采用液压高精度材料试验机考察了平面一球面接触的AZ91D镁合金摩擦副的微动磨损行为，分析了位移幅值、法向载荷和频率等参数对摩擦因数和磨损体积的影响，考察了不同实验条件下的磨斑形貌，并探讨了其磨损机理。结果表明：AZ91D镁合金的微动区域可分为部分滑移区、混合区和滑移区3个区域，粘着磨损、疲劳磨损和磨粒磨损分别是3个区域的主要磨损机制；磨损体积随着位移幅值和法向载荷的增加而增大，但却随着频率的增大而减小。在微动部分滑移区和混合区，摩擦因数随着位移增大迅速增加；在微动滑移区，摩擦因数随法向载荷的增大而减小，而位移幅值和频率对摩擦因数的影响较小。     

MoS_2涂层扭动微动磨损特性有限元分析

为探讨MoS2固体润滑涂层在抗扭动微动磨损中应用的可行性,对MoS2涂层在扭动微动下摩擦力学性能进行有限元分析,研究扭转角位移幅值、法向载荷、摩擦因数等对MoS2涂层接触表面力学行为的影响,并与基体材料扭动微动力学行为进行比较。分析结果显示:MoS2涂层扭动微动运行区域的改变消除了混合区裂纹萌生与扩展所产生的损伤;MoS2涂层在部分滑移区和滑移区,其表面塑性应变虽比基体大,但明显较小的摩擦剪应力,在部分滑移区不足以启动MoS2涂层晶体的滑移,在滑移区对塑性流动层的剪切作用不够,因此MoS2涂层表面磨损较轻微,即MoS2能有效发挥抗扭动微动磨损作用。     

TiN/Ti涂层在波箔轴承中的摩擦磨损性能

采用真空离子镀的方法在304不锈钢基体上喷涂厚度为3μm的TiN/Ti薄层,利用硬度计、三维形貌仪、划痕试验仪对涂层基本力学性能进行分析,通过球盘试验机分析涂层试样的摩擦磨损性能,根据波箔轴承性能测试实验台的测试结果:研究TiN/Ti涂层对基体表面耐磨减摩性能的影响。研究结果表明:TiN涂层硬度可达HV1 500,是基材硬度的5.5倍;TiN/Ti涂层平均摩擦因数为0.23,相对不锈钢304基材的平均摩擦因数0.71,降低了68%,磨损量也仅为基材的18.75%;GCr15与PTFE对磨的最大摩擦力矩可达2.4 N·mm,而TiN/Ti与PTFE对磨的最大摩擦力矩仅为1 N·mm,仅为GCr15的41.7%。TiN/Ti涂层表现出了优异的承载能力和耐磨减摩性能。     

温度对不同运行工况下Zr-4锆合金微动磨损行为的影响

采用高温微动磨损试验机对Zr-4合金管进行切向微动磨损试验，通过改变法向载荷研究了试验温度(25,100,200,325℃)对不同运行工况(完全滑移区和部分滑移区)下微动磨损行为的影响。结果表明：在相同试验温度下完全滑移区的摩擦因数高于部分滑移区，不同运行工况下200,325℃时的摩擦因数更早达到稳定状态。在完全滑移区，合金的磨损机制包括磨粒磨损、氧化磨损和剥层，温度的升高对合金微动磨损程度的影响较大，325℃时的微动磨损程度最大；而在部分滑移区，磨损机制包括剥层、黏着磨损和氧化磨损，试验温度的升高对微动磨损程度的影响很小。在相同试验温度下，部分滑移区的微动磨损量远低于完全滑移区；试验温度的升高对完全滑移区微动磨损量的影响较明显，而对部分滑移区的影响不大。     

LZ50车轴钢转动微动摩擦学特性研究

在新型转动微动磨损试验机上,进行LZ50车轴钢/GCr15钢在法向载荷为10N、转动角位移幅值为0.125°～0.5°的转动微动磨损试验。在摩擦动力学行为分析的基础上,结合磨痕的微观分析,研究材料的转动微动磨损机理。结果表明,LZ50车轴钢的微动运行区域仅呈现部分滑移区和滑移区,未观察到混合区。滑移区的摩擦因数明显高于部分滑移区;摩擦因数随着转动角位移幅值的增加而增大。车轴钢在部分滑移区损伤轻微,磨痕呈环状;而在滑移区,接触中心呈现材料塑性流动累积造成"隆起"特征,LZ50钢的转动微动磨损机制主要为磨粒磨损、剥层和氧化磨损。     

离子渗氮／ 渗硫层转动微动摩擦学行为研究

利用渗氮/渗硫复合处理在LZ50钢表面制备离子渗氮/渗硫层,在干态及不同角位移幅值下对渗层及其基体材料进行转动微动磨损试验,利用扫描电子显微镜、能谱仪和2D/3D轮廓仪对磨痕进行微观分析。试验结果表明：渗氮/渗硫层改变了基体材料的微动运行工况图,部分滑移区和滑移区边界向部分滑移区移动,滑移区运行范围增大;在部分滑移区,渗层的摩擦因数明显低于基体材料,其损伤十分轻微;在滑移区,次表层剥落的硬质颗粒使得稳定阶段摩擦因数高于基体材料,磨损机制为磨粒磨损、氧化磨损和剥层。     

钛合金球与骨水泥界面之间的微动磨损机制研究

采用钛合金球与自制骨水泥试样以球/平面接触方式,在自制的微动摩擦磨损试验机上开展干摩擦和25%小牛血清介质中切向微动磨损试验研究,考察钛合金球与骨水泥界面之间的微动运行特性,并采用S-3000N型扫描电镜观察磨痕形貌来分析其微动磨损机制。结果表明:随着微动振幅的增加,微动运行由部分滑移区向混合区转变。随着接触载荷的增加,试样接触面之间更容易发生黏着。与干摩擦相比,在小牛血清溶液中部分滑移区向较大振幅区扩展。部分滑移区摩擦因数值较低且保持稳定,混合区的摩擦因数先增大后保持不变。稳定摩擦因数随着接触载荷的增加而减小,随微动振幅增大而增大。骨水泥试样的磨损量在小牛血清介质中比在空气中大,并且随接触载荷增大而增大。骨水泥在小牛血清介质中微动磨损的损伤机制主要为黏着磨损和疲劳磨损,溶液分子在应力作用下对骨水泥基体有削弱作用。     

Minimal Realization of Linear Graph Models for Multi-physics Systems

An engineering system may consist of several different types of components,belonging to such physical"domains"as mechanical,electrical,fluid,and thermal.It is t...     

INTEGRAL EQUATION METHOD＇S APPLICATION IN HOLE-EDGE STRESS OF COMPOSITE MATERIAL PLATE WITH DIFFERENT SHAPED HOLES

The strength of composite plate with different hole-shapes is always one of the most important but complicated issues in the application of the composite material. The holes will lead to mutations and discontinuity to the structure. So the hole-edge stress concentration is always a serious phenomenon. And the phenomenon makes the structure strength decrease very quickly to form dangerous weak points. Most partial damage begins from these weak points. According to the complex variable functions theory, the accurate boundary condition of composite plate with different hole-shapes is founded by conformal mapping method to settle the boundary condition problem of complex hole-shapes. Composite plate with commonly hole-shapes in engineering is studied by several complex variable stress fimction. The boundary integral equations are founded based on exact boundary conditions. Then the exact hole-edge stress analytic solution of composite plate with rectangle holes and wing manholes is resolved. Both of offset axis loadings and its influences on the stress concentration coefficient of the hole-edge are discussed. And comparisons of different loads along various offset axis on the hole-edge stress distribution of orthotropic plate with rectangle hole or wing manhole are made. It can be concluded that hole-edge with continuous variable curvatures might help to decrease the stress concentration coefficient; and smaller angle of outer load and fiber can decrease the stress peak value.     

Non-monotonic material contrast in scanning ion and scanning electron images

30 keV Ga⁺ focused ion beam induced secondary electron (iSE) imaging was used to determine the relative contrast between several materials. The iSE signal compared from C, Si, Al, Ti, Cr, Ni, Cu, Mo, Ag, and W metal layers does not decrease with an increase in target atomic number Z₂, and shows a non-monotonic relationship between contrast and Z₂. The non-monotonic relationship is attributed to periodic fluctuations of the stopping power and sputter yield inherent to the ion–solid interactions. In addition, material contrast from electron-induced secondary electron (eSE) and backscattered electron (BSE) images using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) also shows non-monotonic contrast as a function of Z₂, following the periodic behavior of the stopping power for electron–solid interactions. A comparison of the iSE and eSE results shows similar relative contrast between the metal layers, and not complementary contrast as conventionally understood. These similarities in the contrast behavior can be attributed to similarities in the periodic and non-monotonic function defined by incident particle–solid interaction theory.     

Application of Feature Extraction through Convolution Neural Networks and SVM Classifier for Robust Grading of Apples

This paper proposes a novel grading method of apples,in an automated grading device that uses convolutional neural networks to extract the size,color,texture,an...     

分布动态载荷识别的抗噪处理

针对正交多项式频域法在用多种响应对矩形薄板进行载荷识别中抗噪性较差的问题,综合运用平均法、矩阵预处理和奇异值截断法等方法对之进行改善,并引入空间映射的思想,将该方法的应用范围拓展为复杂的模型.利用仿真算例,证实了该方法具有较好的抗噪性.     

基于MELTAC-N平台的核电厂安全级DCS环网研究与测试

针对工程实践中环网通讯相关问题的处理缺乏理论基础及国产化安全级DCS平台的开发缺乏成熟经验借鉴问题,对基于MELTAC-N平台核电厂安全级DCS环网的软硬件实现进行了研究。提出了安全级DCS环网双环网冗余设计、光切换开关设计等硬件设计方法,以及以RPR协议为基础,采用全数据收发策略的软件设计方法。在CPR1000安全级DCS平台上对安全级DCS环网的可靠性及实时性进行了评价,并进行了容错能力、响应时间及响应时间稳定性测试验证实验。结果表明,基于MELTAC-N平台安全级DCS环网软硬件设计具有较好的容错能力及响应时间稳定性。     

Short-Term Relay Quality Prediction Algorithm Based on Long and Short-Term Memory

The fraction defective of semi-finished products is predicted to optimize the process of relay production lines, by which production quality and productivity ar...     

End-to-End Multiview Gesture Recognition for Autonomous Car Parking System

The use of hand gestures can be the most intuitive human-machine interaction medium.The early approaches for hand gesture recognition used device-based methods....     

The laboratory simulation of abrasive wear

Abrasive wear has long been recognised as one of the most potentially serious tribological problems facing the operators of many types of plant and machinery; several industrial surveys have indicated that wear by abrasion can be responsible for more than 50% of unscheduled machine and plant stoppages. Locating the operating point of a tribological contact in an appropriate operational ‚map’︁ can provide a useful guide to the likely nature and origins of the surface degradation experienced in use, though care must be exercised in choosing the most suitable parameters for the axes of the plot. Laboratory testing of materials and simulations of machine contacts are carried out for a number of purposes; at one level for the very practical aims of ranking candidate materials or surface hardening treatments in order of their wear resistance, or in an attempt to predict wear lives under field conditions. More fundamentally, tests may be aimed at elucidating the essential physical mechanisms of surface damage and loss, with the longer term aim of building an analytical and predictive model of the wear process itself. In many cases, component surface damage is brought about by the ingress of hard, particulate matter into machine bearing or sealing clearances. These may be running dry although, more usually, a lubricant or service fluid is present at the interface. A number of standardised wear test geometries and procedures have been established for both two- and three-body wear situations, and these are briefly described. Although abrasive wear is often modelled as following an ‚Archard’︁ equation (i.e. a linear increase in material loss with both load and time, and an inverse dependence on specimen hardness) both industrial experience and laboratory tests of particularly lubricated contacts show that this is not always the case: increasing the hardness differential in an abrasively contaminated lubricated pair may not always reduce the rate of damage to the harder surface.     

ANGULAR DISTORTION ALLOWABLE VALUE AND ASSESS METHOD OF WELD ON COKE TOWER

A graph as the new engineering method for estimate the safety of bulging deformation of coke tower is proposed. Through stresses analysis of circumferential weld of coke tower and comparing the stresses produced by pressure with heat stress of steady state, residual stress, bending stress produced by both itself weight and wind loads, it showed that the stresses produced by pressure on the angle distortion are the main factor of equivalent stress of the combined stress. After comparing four kinds of stress controlling conditions, the relation to stress with depth of angular distortion, grade of curvature of angular distortion and half of region of angular distortion has been inferred. Graph of deformation allowable value of coke tower for different condition by angular distortion and half of region of angular distortion has been plotted. The five steps for its engineering use have been explained. The lighter the grade of curvature is, the larger of bulge allowance, may be, and the bigger of depth of angular distortion may pose too. For the coke tower with a popular structure of Dg 5 400 mm×28 mm, the result by graph is nearly more than the result of two formulas formed by other research, the error is less than 7.0%. But, the graph can be easily applied to different size of angular distortion.