A novel technique for measuring grounding capacitance and groundingfault resistance in ineffectively grounded systems

A principle for resonance measurement based on injecting resonant frequency signal is presented in this paper. The grounding capacitance of lines and equipment and the grounding fault resistance can be measured online in ineffectively grounded systems. Petersen-coil automatic tuning is implemented, and 100% stator grounding fault protection for generator stator windings is also proposed. The prototype for Petersen-coil tuning has been tested on networks for many years. In addition, the new method for generator stator grounding fault protection is verified by simulation     

Analysis of operating conditions of ground-fault protection schemes for generator stator winding

This paper presents results of simulation studies of the influence of methods of grounding the stator winding of the unit-connected generator neutral on the operating conditions of a 100-percent ground-fault protection excited by the third-harmonic voltage ratio in the generator neutral and at its terminals. The analysis was performed for a generator with the neutral grounded through a ground-fault neutralizer, a third-harmonic stop filter, a resistor, and a capacitive voltage divider. The influence of the parameters of the particular elements of the grounding circuits on the voltage-feeding measuring element of the protection was determined. The capacitance to ground of the generator breakers was taken into account. The simulations were run for 1110-MVA unit-connected generator at ground faults along the whole length of the generator stator winding. It has been found that the method of grounding the generator neutral and the parameter of the grounding elements significantly influences the operating conditions of this protection. It is shown that through the proper selection of these parameters, the ground-fault protection of whole stator winding, counting from the generator neutral to the terminals is ensured.     

注入式定子接地保护接地变压器参数设计方法及应用

为选择适合的接地变压器变比及二次侧负载电阻以提高20Hz注入式定子接地保护的测量精度,本文推导出注入信号与中性点接地变压器参数之间的数值关系,并确定二次侧负载电阻以及变比的选型原则,最后以该原则为依据编译了MATLAB/GUIDE可视化程序。以某电厂发电机组为例,通过对原始参数以及优化参数数值化结果进行对比,验证了设计原则的可行性及优越性,通过该方法得到的参数可更好地提升20Hz注入式定子接地保护的性能。     

基于DSP的发电机转子接地保护装置设计

针对发电机实际运行中常出现励磁回路接地故障,提出了一种基于微机(DSP)的发电机转子接地保护装置的设计方案.在研究发电机转子接地保护原理的基础上,给出并分析了硬件系统方案设计及转子接地检测系统软件设计,试验测试结果表明,该装置灵敏性、可靠性较高,现场运行效果良好.     

Ground-fault currents in unit-connected generators with differentelements grounding neutral

The results of the analysis of zero-sequence currents flowing in generator neutral and at ground-fault location during the generator normal operation and during ground-faults in the stator windings are presented. The influence of different methods of grounding the generator neutral on these currents in the primary circuits for different parameters of generators, transformers and additional capacitance to ground of the generator breakers was determined. This influence was analyzed for generators with ungrounded neutral, for generators with the resistance in neutral and for generators with ground-fault neutralizer (GFN) grounding the generator neutral. The analysis has been done for real resistance of the breakdown channel during ground-faults along the whole length of generator stator winding. It has been found that the applied method of grounding the generator neutral, the parameters of generator and transformer, the additional capacitance to ground of the generator breakers, level of fault resistance and ground-fault location have a substantial influence on currents flowing in the generator neutral and at ground-fault location in the breakdown channel in the main insulation of a generator stator winding     

基于光学电流互感器的发电厂保护优化研究

本文总结了采用柔性光学电流互感器的发电厂继电保护针对不同场景的优化研究和探索,介绍了发电机主保护方案优化、转子绕组匝间保护、选择性定子接地保护、核电辅助变断相监测保护、抽水蓄能等变频启动机组保护优化等保护优化方案和效果,利用柔性光学TA良好的传变特性和灵活的安装方式,较好地解决了现有发电厂保护存在的问题,可为现场类似场景的问题解决提供参考思路。     

一起大型发电机定子接地事故分析及处理

针对某大型发电机定子接地故障,建立发电机单相接地故障模型,根据故障时的现场故障录波波形和数据,利用Matlab软件分析计算出故障时的零序电压和过渡电阻,并获得零序电压随接地电阻变化的轨迹,准确定位出故障点位置,分析结果与现场故障数据相吻合,进而给出故障处理方法,对设备制造、安装等提出了参考建议,可为今后类似故障分析、处理提供参考依据。     

谐振补偿在大型发电机中性点接地中的应用

详细分析了发电机中性点经消弧线圈谐振补偿接地方式的应用原理,提出一种发电机中性点接地方式,并且与中性点经接地变压器高电阻接地方式进行比较。这种中性点接地方式可以更好地限制定子单相接地时的故障电流,从而保护了定子铁心和绕组。采用多回路分析方法对三峡左岸一种700 MW的大型发电机进行仿真计算,仿真结果表明此方法是可行的。     

一起机端断路器非全相合闸案例的分析与思考

本文介绍了一起带机端断路器(GCB)机组非全相合闸并网的实例,分析了并网前后的零序电压接地保护动作情况,对故障时GCB两侧电压特征量进行了理论分析,并结合实际录波数据进行了验证.通过分析与研究,提出了增设机端断路器非全相保护的必要性与可行性,给同类型接线方式的发变组运行维护提供参考,提升发电机安全运行水平.     

交流侧接地方式对多端柔性直流配电网保护配置的影响

  [目的]  为了提高多端环形柔性直流配电网的供电可靠性,研究了交流侧不同接地方式下的故障特征及其对保护配置的影响。  [方法]  首先确定了两电平、模块化多电平等不同类型换流设备的交直流故障等效通路,从故障过压、过流水平及故障恢复等方面分析了不同接地方式下交直流不对称故障对保护配置的影响。随后从保护原理配置、定值整定、出口方式及配合原则等方面,给出了多端环形柔性直流配电网典型保护配置方案。最后,在PSCAD/EMTDC仿真软件下搭建了三端柔性直流配电网的电磁暂态模型。  [结果]  仿真结果表明:当交流侧采用高电阻接地方式时,通过合理的保护配置可提高交流不对称故障时系统的稳定性、实现直流不对称故障的零停电时间故障穿越。  [结论]  研究成果为多端柔性直流配电网的接地方式设计、保护配置研究提供了一定参考。     

多对极发电机励磁绕组匝间短路故障在线定位理论研究

大型水轮发电机和抽水蓄能发电电动机均为多对极,现场迫切希望实现故障磁极的在线定位.本文基于一台3对极、12kW的发电机动模样机研究在线定位的理论基础.首先,采用场路结合法对该样机在联网工况下的励磁绕组匝间短路故障进行了计算,并与实验结果进行了对比和分析,验证了计算模型的正确性.然后,利用故障数学模型对该样机一极短路故障进行了计算,基于仿真结果,研究故障磁极、励磁磁动势、定子电动势和定子分支环流之间的相位关系.研究表明:定子分支环流的1/P次谐波相位角(P为发电机的极对数)可以用于对故障磁极的判断.本文为实现多对极大型发电机励磁绕组匝间短路故障的在线定位奠定了理论基础.     

发电电动机定子端部绕组电磁-结构耦合场计算

针对发电电动机定子端部绕组在电磁力作用下易发生故障的问题,以广州抽水蓄能电站B厂的发电电动机为例,建立了发电电动机定子端部绕组的三维模型,通过有限元法对模型电磁与结构顺序耦合进行仿真计算,得到了额定运行时电机端部绕组的应力和应变分布。结果表明,该方法能够有效地分析发电电动机定子端部绕组在电磁力作用下的应力应变分布,计算精确度比较高。     

660 MW发电机漏氢原因分析与处理对策

鸳鸯湖电厂1号发电机为QFSN6602型汽轮发电机,采用水氢氢冷却方式,正常运行时发电机内氢压高于定子冷却水压力;当定子线棒存在裂纹并发生泄露时,将会导致定子冷却水含氢量急剧升高,从而使定子冷却水进入发电机造成发电机烧损.定子冷却水箱安装氢气泄露检测仪,在线检测定子冷却水箱内氢气含量,当氢气浓度达2%时就会报警.讨论了发电机定子冷却水箱内检测仪报警后的原因分析及处理,为同类机组类似故障处理提供参考.     

390H全氢冷发电机定子接地故障的分析及处理

介绍了390H全氢冷发电机结构特点,分析了定子线圈端部接地故障的原因,采取了合理的修复措施,提出日常维护中需加强定子槽楔和铁芯紧密度的检查.     

发电机转子绕组一点接地故障的快速检查及处理

以实例介绍了应用电位分布法对小峡水电站发电机转子绕组一点接地故障快速检查及处理,对故障原因进行了分析,指出发电机转子绕组一点接地故障的危害。强调了在机组安装及检修过程中应严格执行相关工序工艺标准以及发电机风洞管理规定,对新安装及检修机组在投运前对发电机风洞认真检查验收,防止转子一点接地故障的发生。     

基于任意时刻电网故障下的双馈风力发电机定子磁链全响应研究

为研究双馈风力发电机(DFIG)定子磁链的全响应与电网故障发生时刻的关系,通过求解DFIG状态方程,得到任意时刻故障下DFIG定子磁链的解析表达式;利用坐标分解方式研究了定子磁链稳态响应与故障时刻的关系;通过分析定子磁链直流分量的大小,研究了定子磁链自由响应与故障时刻的关系。结果表明,定子磁链稳态响应与故障时刻无关,且其大小随故障时刻的变化呈现2倍工频周期的变化规律。最后通过搭建Matlab/Simulink模型仿真验证了推导公式的准确性和理论分析的正确性,为DFIG低电压穿越时转子侧的控制策略提供了一定的理论依据。     

双层叠绕组发电机单元件横差保护特性分析

通过1号机横差保护动作的现象,对故障进行分析,得出测量双星形中性点电流作为双层叠绕组发电机单元件横差保护的,横差动作的原因可能是定子绕组匝间发生短路,也可能是转子匝间短路或者转子偏心引起磁场不均匀也会引起的结论,该结论对现场维护人员有一定得指导意义。     

A robust power control strategy to enhance LVRT capability of grid‐connected DFIG‐based wind energy systems

This paper presents a new robust and effective control strategy to mitigate symmetrical voltage dips in a grid‐connected doubly fed induction generator (DFIG) wind energy conversion system without any additional hardware in the system. The aim is to control the power transmitted to the grid so as to keep the electrical and mechanical quantities above their threshold protection values during a voltage dip transient. To achieve this, the references of the powers are readjusted to adapt the wind energy conversion system to the fault conditions. Robust control strategies, combining the merits of sliding mode theory and fuzzy logic, are then proposed in this paper. These controllers are derived from the dynamic model of the DFIG considering the variations in the stator flux generated by the voltage drop. This approach is found to yield better performance than other control design methods which assume the flux in the stator to remain constant in amplitude. This control scheme is compliant with the fault‐ride‐through grid codes which require the wind turbine generator to remain connected during voltage dips. A series of simulation scenarios are carried out on a 3‐MW wind turbine system to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed control schemes under voltage dips and parameter uncertainty conditions.     

一种适用于同杆四回线单相接地距离保护的新算法

针对传统的距离保护直接应用于同杆四回线时易受零序互感的影响,使其测量阻抗精度达不到要求,从而造成保护继电器的误动或拒动,提出了一种单相接地距离保护新算法,利用12序分量法对同杆四回线进行参数解耦,结合同杆四回线单相接地故障模型,推导出保护安装处与故障点相电压之间的关系。在此基础上,根据接地故障时故障电压与故障分支电流间相角关系,分析了故障位置的零序电流与保护安装处的零序电流之间的关系式,并代入故障位置计算,从而消除故障电压对其算法的影响。大量的PSCAD/EMTDC仿真结果表明,该保护在各种单相接地情况下均具有较高灵敏度及可靠性。     

Experimental study of inter-laminar core fault detection techniques based on low flux core excitation

A comparison between two inter-laminar stator core insulation failure detection techniques for generators based on low flux core excitation is presented in this paper. The two techniques under consideration are: 1) the iron core probe based method developed recently and 2) the existing air core probe based method. A qualitative comparison of the two techniques is presented along with an experimental comparison on a 120-MW generator stator core. The test results are compared in terms of fault detection sensitivity, signal to noise ratio, and ease of interpretation, which are the main requirements for stator core inspection. In addition to the comparison, the performance of the iron core probe technique for machines with short wedge depression depth is presented along with the recent improvements in the algorithm. It is shown that the main requirements for stator core inspection are significantly enhanced with the new iron core probe-based core fault detector.