PLA/棉混纺织物一浴一步法染色

本文通过研究聚乳酸纤维的染色工艺特点,探讨国内外涤/棉、PLA/棉混纺织物染色工艺技术进展,分析分散/活性染料一浴一步法染PLA/棉混纺织物存在的技术问题,提出了适合PLA/棉一浴一步法染色的染料及染色方法,并对一浴一步法染色的前景做了展望.     

真空氧等离子体表面改性涤纶织物研究

采用真空氧等离子体对涤纶织物进行表面改性,探讨不同处理压强、处理时间下织物润湿性能和分散染料染色性能的变化。使用X射线光电子能谱技术研究了织物表面处理前后化学组成及元素含量的变化,利用扫描电子显微镜表征了处理后织物表面形貌的变化。结果表明:真空氧等离子体处理后的涤纶织物表面氧元素的含量从24.1%上升到40.7%,表面粗糙程度提高;同时织物的润湿性能提高,润湿时间由1680s下降到51s;等离子体处理后涤纶织物的分散染料染色性能改善,其表面深度值由12.3增加为15.6,透湿量由2941g/(m~2·d)增加为3282g/(m~2·d)。     

咖啡炭改性涤盖棉针织面料的染色工艺

针对咖啡炭改性涤盖棉面料染色均匀性差、涤棉色差大等问题,在不同染色工艺条件下对织物染色,通过对比试验,测试各种染色条件下织物的性能,优选出最佳染色工艺,得到染色均匀性好、涤棉染色色差小、色牢度高、强力损失小的咖啡炭改性涤盖棉针织染色面料。     

Alkaline dyeing of polyester and polyester/cotton blend fabrics using sodium edetate

An alkaline dyeing of polyester with an alkali‐stable disperse dye, Dianix® Scarlet AD‐RG, was developed using sodium edetate as an alkaline buffering agent. The results obtained indicate the suitability of using sodium edetate for alkaline dyeing of polyester when compared with the control alkaline dyeing using Dianix AD system. Selected mono and bifunctional reactive dyes were used in combination with the alkali‐stable disperse dye for dyeing of polyester/cotton blend. Different dyeing methods for cotton and polyester/cotton blend fabrics using sodium edetate were evaluated in comparison with their respective control alkaline dyeing methods. The results of using sodium edetate in one‐bath two‐stage and two‐bath dyeing of polyester/cotton blend were comparable with that of the control dyeing method. Particularly, no change in the leveling and fastness properties was evaluated for all samples irrespective of the dyeing method. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2008     

涤纶常压染色促染剂的制备及应用

以有机碱三乙醇胺为催化剂,邻苯二甲酸酐(简称苯酐)与自制阳离子改性剂WLS反应,制备苯酯助剂,并将其作为涤纶分散黑ECT染料常压染色的促染剂。通过系统研究,优化出苯酯合成工艺,并探讨苯酯助剂与N-正丁基邻苯二甲酰亚胺(简称亚胺)复配对分散黑ECT常压染色性能的影响。结果表明:苯酯与亚胺有很好的协同效应,二者质量比按2∶1复配时,可获得最佳染色效果。该复配促染剂应用于涤纶常压染色中,染色后织物先进行195℃焙烘2.5 min,再还原清洗,织物的染色深度K/S值和上染百分率较常压无助剂、同条件染色工艺显著提高,而且基本达到传统高温高压的染色效果。     

涤/棉针织物染色新工艺与染料助剂的筛选

本文重点讨论了涤/棉针织物一浴法染色新工艺,包括精炼染涤一浴法、练漂染涤一浴一步法、先染涤后棉氧漂一浴两步法、分散/活性一浴一步法、分散/活性一浴两步法。对分散/活性两浴法染色节能工艺也进行了考察。实验结果表明：合理的染色工艺和适当的染化料能很好的保障染色质量,而且对提高生产效率、降低染色成本、减小环境污染都有很大帮助。     

One-bath dyeing of a polyester/cotton blend with reactive disperse dyes from 2-hydroxypyrid-6-one derivatives

A series of temporarily solubilised reactive disperse dyes based on 1-substituted derivatives of 2-hydroxypyrid-6-one were applied to a 65;35 polyester/cotton blend using a one-bath dyeing method without dispersing agent. The dyeing behaviour of these dyes on polyester and cotton fabrics, and polyester/cotton blend fabric, were studied. The colour yields of the dyes on the polyester/cotton blend were found to be highly dependent on the initial pH, optimum results being obtained at pH 5. Good levelling and good to excellent fastness properties were obtained on the blend, with the exception of lightfastness, which was moderate.     

Effect of Sandospace R on the dyeability of gamma-irradiated wool,wool/polyester and polyester fabrics with some disperse dyes containing amino groups

The effect of Sandospace R on the dyeability of gamma-irradiated wool, wool/polyester and polyester fabrics towards disperse dyes has been investigated. The effects of the different factors that may affect the colour yield of the dyed samples (such as radiation dose, Sandospace R concentration, pH strength of the dye bath, dye concentration, dyeing temperature and time were studied. In general, and regardless of the studied factor, the irradiated fabric showed a significant dye affinity for the disperse dyes employed compared/to the unirradiated fabrics. However, the different fabrics irradiated to a dose of 2Mrad showed the highest colour strength with a high level of dyeing. Also, it was observed that a concentration of Sandospace R as low as 0·5% effectively enhances the dye affinity for the disperse dyes used here. Moreover, it was found that the pH of the dyeing bath at which the highest colour strength obtained was 3. Increasing the dye concentration up to 4% based on fabric weight, caused a significant enhancement in the colour strength, whilst raising/the dyeing bath temperature from 60°C to 100°C appreciably accelerated the rate of dye uptake. Complete exhaustion absorption of the disperse dye occurred over a period of 2h. © 1998 Society of Chemical Industry     

Novel hydrolysable azo disperse dyes based on N‐ester‐1,8‐naphthalimide: dyeing of polyester–cotton blends

The dyeing of polyester–cotton blends with new alkali‐hydrolysable azo disperse dyes based on N‐ester‐1,8‐naphthalimide was investigated. Polyester–cotton blend fabrics were dyed using both one‐ and two‐bath methods. Dyes 3 and 4 offered lower colour yield on polyester using the one‐bath method. For the rest of the dyes, employing either the one‐ or two‐bath method resulted in a similar colour yield on polyester fabric. The results for fastness properties and colour yield of the dyeings showed that the dyes were suitable for dyeing polyester–cotton blends using the one‐bath method. The kinetic study of hydrolysis of the dyes in alkali media obeyed the pseudo first‐order reaction rate.     

硫化黑染涤/棉织物的两浴法染色工艺研究

本文研究了固体硫化黑染料对涤/棉织物的染色工艺,讨论了硫化黑染料和分散黑染料用量、染棉和染涤的先后顺序、是否经过前处理等工艺对涤/棉织物染色深度和染色牢度的影响,结果证明,使用两浴法用硫化黑染涤/棉的染色效果很好,并且可省去前处理工艺.     

涤纶织物原位矿化染色新技术

使用分散红玉S-5BL、分散黄棕S-4RL、分散黑ECT三种分散染料对涤纶织物进行染色,将分散染料原位矿化染色工艺与传统染色工艺进行比较,通过染色后残液的吸光度、化学需氧量、染品色差、色牢度、染色工艺耗水量等指标对矿化效果进行评定,从而评价原位矿化技术生产应用的可行性。     

The roles of polymer relaxation phenomena,aqueous dye solubility and the physical properties of water in the mechanism of adsorption of a disperse dye on poly(ethylene terephthalate) fibres: Part 4 further aspects related to polymer relaxation phenomena

To further investigate the contribution of polymer relaxation times to the mechanism of disperse dye adsorption on poly(ethylene terephthalate) fibres, the temperature-dependent uptake of Teratop Yellow HL-G 150% on both cotton and polyamide 66 fabrics at temperatures between 30 and 130°C was compared with that on poly(ethylene terephthalate) fabric. Although uptake of the commercial grade dye on polyester fabric is governed by the thermally regulated, broad glass transition of the water-saturated poly(ethylene terephthalate) substrate, as this was not observed for either cotton or nylon 66 fabrics, the respective cellulose or polyamide 66 polymer glass transition does not present a major thermal impediment to dye uptake over the wide range of dyeing temperatures used. This is because the onset and end-set temperatures of the glass transition of the water-plasticised poly(ethylene terephthalate) material reside within the range of dyeing temperatures employed, whereas those of the water-plasticised cotton and polyamide materials occur below the lowest dyeing temperature examined (30°C). The thermal dependency of disperse dye solubility also likely makes a meaningful contribution to the temperature-dependent dye uptake observed for each type of fibre.     

Antimicrobial protection of cotton and cotton/polyester fabrics by radiation and thermal treatments. I. Effect of ZnO formulation on the mechanical and dyeing properties

Cotton and cotton/polyester fabrics were treated against microbial attack by applying a formulation based essentially on ZnO under high‐energy radiation and thermal curing. To achieve the homogeneity and the reactivity of the treating formulation, a binder (Impron MTP) and a dispersing agent (Setamol WS) were used with ZnO. The antimicrobial property of the fabrics was evaluated, in terms of mechanical properties, by a soil burial test. Moreover, the effect of antimicrobial finishing on the dyeing properties in terms of color strength was investigated. It was found that the best composition that affords the best antimicrobial protection to cotton fabrics contains 2% ZnO, 2% binder, and 1% dispersing agents. For the cotton/polyester blend, the best results were achieved at the same conditions except the ZnO was 1%. It was found that the treatment under the effect of electron‐beam irradiation is better than that of gamma irradiation and thermal curing. The results showed that when the finishing process was carried out before dyeing with a reactive dye, it affects the color strength rather than performing the finishing after the dyeing process. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 88: 1129–1137, 2003     

Flame retardant finishing of the polyester/cotton blend fabric using a cross‐linkable hydroxy‐functional organophosphorus oligomer

Blend fabrics of cotton and polyester are widely used in apparel, but high flammability becomes a major obstacle for applications of those fabrics in fire protective clothing. The objective of this research was to investigate the flame retardant finishing of a 50/50 polyester/cotton blend fabric. It was discovered previously that N,N′‐dimethyloldihydroxyethyleneurea (DMDHEU) was able to bond a hydroxy‐functional organophosphorus oligomer (HFPO) onto 50/50 nylon/cotton blend fabrics. In this research, the HFPO/DMDHEU system was applied to a 50/50 polyester/cotton twill fabric. The polyester/cotton fabric treated with 36% HFPO and 10% DMDHEU achieved char length of 165 mm after 20 laundering cycles. The laundering durability of the treated fabric was attributed to the formation of polymeric cross‐linked networks. The HFPO/DMDHEU system significantly reduced peak heat release rate (PHRR) of cotton on the treated polyester/cotton blend fabric, but its effects on polyester were marginal. HFPO/DMDHEU reduced PHRR of both nylon and cotton on the treated nylon/cotton fabric. It was also discovered that the nitrogen of DMDHEU was synergistic to enhance the flame retardant performance of HFPO on the polyester/cotton fabric.     

硅氧烷低聚物的合成及其在泡沫染色中的应用

为了通过泡沫染色和光固化改善棉织物的染色性能，合成了一种含有不饱和双键的硅氧烷低聚物，设计了合适的含有聚合型黄色蒽醌染料、硅氧烷低聚物、光引发剂2,4,6-三甲基苯甲酰基-二苯基氧化膦（TPO）、表面活性剂十二烷基硫酸钠（SDS）的泡沫体系对棉织物进行泡沫染色。采用1HNMR和GPC分析了硅氧烷低聚物的化学结构和相对分子质量分布，采用FTIR表征了硅氧烷低聚物和染色棉织物的化学结构，采用SEM观察染色棉织物的表面形态。探讨了硅氧烷低聚物用量、染料用量、SDS质量浓度、TPO用量对泡沫性能和染色性能的影响，分析了硅氧烷低聚物的固色机理。结果表明，染料质量浓度30 g/L、硅氧烷低聚物用量为染料质量的2倍、SDS质量浓度2.0 g/L、TPO用量为染料质量的5%、紫外光照时间5 min时，染色织物染色深度可达5.70，耐皂洗色牢度和干/湿摩擦色牢度均为4～5级，水接触角为110.1°，紫外防护系数>50。硅氧烷低聚物通过侧基上的不饱和双键发生自由基聚合和硅醇基偶合交联实现固色，并赋予织物良好的疏水性能和抗紫外线性能。     

Digital alkali resist prints on polyester

In earlier papers we have described sulphite‐based and secondary amine‐based resist printing of cotton using ink‐jet procedures. This paper describes the chemical resist printing of polyester fabrics padded with disperse dyes to create a white image on a coloured background. Polyester grounds have been prepared by the pad‐dry ‘dyeing’ of polyester fabrics with alkali‐clearable disperse dyes, such as a Dianix PC (DyStar) or a Dianix SF (DyStar) dye, and subsequently ink‐jet printed with sodium carbonate based ink formulations to yield a white image on a solid ground following high temperature steaming and appropriate wash‐off procedures. Coloured images have been achieved by a two‐step process whereby the coloured ground fabric was initially printed with an alkali‐based ink and then overprinted in a second step with an illuminating ink formulation containing an alkali stable disperse dye, such as a Dianix AD (DyStar) or Serilene ADS (Yorkshire Chemicals).     

丽赛织物洗涤性能研究

测试了纯棉织物以及棉／丽赛、棉／涤纶和棉／粘交织物洗涤一定次数后拉伸性能和悬垂性能的变化，试验结果表明，经过10次洗涤后棉／丽赛交织物的耐洗涤性能较纯棉织物好，比棉／粘交织物有明显提高。     

Dyeing fine denier polypropylene fibers with phenylazo- β -naphthol-containing sulfonamide disperse dyes

A series of phenylazo-β-naphthol-containing sulfonamide disperse dyes were prepared from C.I. Acid Orange 7 by successive reactions of chlorination and amination, and their chemical structures were characterized by FTIR, ¹H NMR, and mass spectrometry. The dyes were applied to coloring of knitted fabrics from fine denier polypropylene fibers by exhaust dyeing and their optimal dyeing conditions, such as dyebath pH, dyeing temperature, dyeing time, and dye concentration were investigated in detail. Then, dye exhaustion, color strength, and color fastnesses of the dyes on the fibers were assessed and summarized. In view of dye exhaustion and color strength of the sulfonamide dyes on fine denier PP fabrics, 90°C was selected as the best dyeing temperature at dye concentration below or equal to 3.0% owf. For achieving higher color strength, 130°C was the better choice when the dye concentration was above 3.0% owf. The sulfonamide dyes, especially secondary sulfonamide dyes, exhibited superior dye exhaustion and color fastnesses to washing, sublimation, and rubbing on fine denier PP fabrics in comparison to C.I. Solvent Yellow 14 bearing the same chromophore but without sulfonamide group.     

The roles of polymer relaxation phenomena,aqueous dye solubility and the physical properties of water in the mechanism of adsorption of a disperse dye on poly(ethylene terephthalate) fibres: part 5 analysis of polymer relaxation phenomena for different polymers

The temperature dependent uptake of a commercial disperse dye on cotton and polyamide 66 fabrics at dyeing temperatures between 30°C and 130°C adhered to the Williams–Landel–Ferry equation, insofar as, very good correspondence was observed between plots of experimentally determined colour strength data points (log1/f_k) and the respective structural relaxation times of the cellulose and nylon 66 polymers (loga_T data points), as a function of the parameter (T − T_g). Adsorption of the dye on both types of fibre therefore concurs with the fundamental precept of the free volume model of dye diffusion. Comparison of the adherence of the uptake of the commercial dye on cotton and polyamide 66 fabrics with that secured on polyester fabric revealed that despite the major chemical and physical differences between the three types of fibre, the same dyeing mechanism likely applies to each fibre type. The marked temperature dependent uptake of the commercial grade disperse dye each of the three types of substrate is the consequence of two, different, but inherently interconnected, thermally activated phenomena, namely the relaxation times of the molecular rearrangements occurring within the respective cellulose, nylon 66 or poly(ethylene terephthalate) macromolecule, in which polymer glass transition assumes the principal role, and the aqueous solubility of the commercial grade disperse dye.     

Dyeing fine denier polypropylene fibers with phenylazo-β-naphthol-containing sulfonamide disperse dyes

A series of phenylazo-β-naphthol-containing sulfonamide disperse dyes were prepared from C.I. Acid Orange 7 by successive reactions of chlorination and amination, and their chemical structures were characterized by FTIR, ¹H NMR, and mass spectrometry. The dyes were applied to coloring of knitted fabrics from fine denier polypropylene fibers by exhaust dyeing and their optimal dyeing conditions, such as dyebath pH, dyeing temperature, dyeing time, and dye concentration were investigated in detail. Then, dye exhaustion, color strength, and color fastnesses of the dyes on the fibers were assessed and summarized. In view of dye exhaustion and color strength of the sulfonamide dyes on fine denier PP fabrics, 90°C was selected as the best dyeing temperature at dye concentration below or equal to 3.0% owf. For achieving higher color strength, 130°C was the better choice when the dye concentration was above 3.0% owf. The sulfonamide dyes, especially secondary sulfonamide dyes, exhibited superior dye exhaustion and color fastnesses to washing, sublimation, and rubbing on fine denier PP fabrics in comparison to C.I. Solvent Yellow 14 bearing the same chromophore but without sulfonamide group.