留守儿童活动中心互动性儿童家具设计研究

目的 将留守儿童的生理和心理特点进行分析,在互动场景调研中得出留守儿童的行为和语言互动数据,结合儿童的互动层次和需求分析,将互动性家具分为4种类型,使留守儿童借助互动家具从而促进身心健康成长。方法 分析不同年龄留守儿童对场景中互动家具的需求,探索和解决留守儿童互动性家具缺失的现实问题。结论 从使用者（留守儿童）—物（儿童家具）两个方面论证陪伴、趣味、协作、引导式的互动性家具对留守儿童的重要性。总结出留守儿童的互动家具新形式、新功能,新思路,即,既要满足使用者（留守儿童）的情感需求又要满足活动中心教师的需求,同时还应考虑此类家具的具体使用场合,从而真正达到陪伴孩子快乐成长的初衷。本次研究以互动家具设计为切入点,为身处留守儿童活动中心的孩子们提供贴心设计的同时,促进互动式家具的长足发展。     

游戏性在儿童家具设计中的表现

游戏是儿童成长过程中不可缺少的活动方式,家具在儿童认知发展和生理发展起了良好的辅助作用。本文通过对当前国内儿童家具的现状,通过儿童生理、心理中对于游戏的需求,论述了当前儿童家具在形态、色彩、材质、功能结构中游戏性的表现方式,阐述在儿童家具中实现游戏性的具体表现方法。     

学龄前儿童合作行为养成系统游戏化设计研究

目的 当前儿童合作行为主动发生及持续发生率较低,通过产品设计促进儿童合作行为养成。方法 通过观察、深入访谈和问卷调研的方式分别对儿童、教师和家长进行需求调研,结合儿童发展心理学总结出学龄前儿童合作行为养成难点并提出解决策略;对行为养成相关产品进行市场调研,产生设计定位,结合机制元素和组建元素调研排序结果,进行游戏化设计实现;通过八角行为分析法框架对产品信息架构进行分析及优化,进而进行产品UI界面设计和学龄前儿童课堂交互机器人设计。结果 构建了基于DMC的游戏化设计流程,完成了学龄前儿童合作行为养成系统游戏化设计,得到被测试者认可。结论 将设计方案进行用户测试并针对评价结果提出优化方案,验证了基于DMC的游戏化设计流程在学龄前儿童合作行为养成系统设计中的可行性和有效性。     

基于儿童需求的儿童家具设计研究

目的 探讨符合儿童需求的儿童家具设计方法,更好地满足儿童身心发展需求,使儿童家具更好地为儿童群体服务。方法 分析儿童的生理和心理特征,同时结合身心特征分析儿童群体对儿童家具的需求,并基于用户需求来探讨儿童家具设计的策略。结论 儿童群体对儿童家具的需求主要包括安全需求、功能需求、造型需求和色彩需求,家具设计的过程中应该遵循儿童的身心发展规律和对家具的需求,才能设计出高质量、高水平的作品。     

“游戏性”在儿童家具的延展性空间中的实现

基于对儿童的生理、心理和行为的研究,提出"游戏"对儿童成长的重要性。讨论如何在以儿童家具为中心的延展性空间中实现"游戏性",结合实例,从功能的开发、材料的开发和构造的开发3个方面,阐述了在儿童家具的延展性空间里实现"游戏性"的具体方法。     

学龄前儿童家具设计的环保原则

现当今,在家长眼中最重要的就是孩子的健康成长,学龄前儿童家具是孩子成长的过程中必须接触到的,合理的布局、环保的选材、安全周到的考虑,是每一个家长都会认真考虑和选择的。本文由学龄前儿童家具的功能分析入手,首重介绍了学龄前儿童家具的环保设计原则。     

儿童家具的趣味性与可成长性设计

目的 解决当前儿童家具产业涌现出的缺乏创新、造型老套、趣味性不足,以及在实用功能和安全性能等各个方面无法契合儿童特征等问题,使儿童家具更符合儿童的需求。方法 基于儿童家具设计应该考虑的情况和现有儿童家具存在的几点问题,对儿童家具设计的趣味性设计及儿童家具的可成长性设计进行探索。结论 儿童的发育情况和儿童的认知能力决定了儿童家具区别于成人家具,为了更好地满足儿童用户的家具使用需求,应该关注家具设计中的趣味性与可成长性。     

基于“五感”体验理论的学龄前儿童家具设计探析

目的 基于“五感”体验设计理论,探析适用于学龄前儿童身心发展需要的家具设计思路,针对当前儿童家具设计中“缩小版成人式家具”的单一设计现状,提供一种新的设计方向和思路。方法 基于“五感”体验理论和案例分析,以学龄前儿童身心发展特征诉求为依据,通过问卷调查、抽样实验和数据分析,探析学龄前儿童感官偏好,厘清设计关键。结果 学龄前儿童家具设计应通过引入“五感”体验设计理论,从家具形态构建、材质倾向、色彩偏好、气息特征、味觉感知转换等角度出发,形成以五感体验为目标的设计思路来优化学龄前儿童家具的用户体验与益智功能。结论 “五感”感知是人类与外界环境信息交流的基本方式与媒介,借助基于感官感知启发、体验与创造的“五感”体验理论,可以丰富儿童家具的产品设计理论,拓展设计思路与方法。     

基于D4S理论的可成长型婴儿床设计

从婴童不同年龄阶段对家具的需求出发,探寻能够伴随婴童共同成长的家具,满足相应年龄阶段的使用需求。以D4S理论(Design For Sustainability)和可成长型理念为指导,通过用户市场调研与分析,对儿童的生理及心理特性、儿童产品的需求与功能进行分析,在此基础上总结可成长型儿童家具设计原则,做出合理的功能设计,包括可调节的结构、尺寸及功能。通过零件的组合、变化和转换实现最少资源的多功能化,以多功能的使用方式延长家具的使用寿命。运用可持续设计理念和可成长型设计的原则设计儿童家具,可有效延长婴儿床的使用生命周期,有利于满足不同阶段儿童使用需求的变化,丰富婴幼儿的使用体验感,培养儿童独立性帮助儿童健康成长,同时可提高儿童家具产品的利用率及同类产品的竞争力。     

基于可成长理念的学前儿童家具设计

目的研究可成长式的学前儿童家具设计。方法借助儿童心理学、设计心理学和人体工程学知识,分析了学前儿童的生理和心理特性,提出了学前儿童家具的一些设计原则,即安全舒适、简单易用、组合变换、益智趣味等。并在此基础上结合具体案例,总结和阐述了可拆卸调节设计和组合模块化等可成长设计方法及其具体运用思路。结论将可成长理念应用到学前儿童家具设计是一种应对儿童不断变化的需求的有效方法,它不仅能够满足儿童的使用需求,而且还能促进其心智的发展。     

Insertion of triangulated surfaces into a meccano tetrahedral discretization by means of mesh refinement and optimization procedures

In this paper, we present a new method for inserting several triangulated surfaces into an existing tetrahedral mesh generated by the meccano method. The result is a conformal mesh where each inserted surface is approximated by a set of faces of the final tetrahedral mesh. First, the tetrahedral mesh is refined around the inserted surfaces to capture their geometric features. Second, each immersed surface is approximated by a set of faces from the tetrahedral mesh. Third, following a novel approach, the nodes of the approximated surfaces are mapped to the corresponding immersed surface. Fourth, we untangle and smooth the mesh by optimizing a regularized shape distortion measure for tetrahedral elements in which we move all the nodes of the mesh, restricting the movement of the edge and surface nodes along the corresponding entity they belong to. The refining process allows approximating the immersed surface for any initial meccano tetrahedral mesh. Moreover, the proposed projection method avoids computational expensive geometric projections. Finally, the applied simultaneous untangling and smoothing process delivers a high‐quality mesh and ensures that the immersed surfaces are interpolated. Several examples are presented to assess the properties of the proposed method.     

Certification Institutions Expected to Update and Transfer Information on Present Standards

Standards are the basis for production enterprises to organize production, ex-factory inspection, trade (delivery) and technical exchanges, product certification, quality arbitration and supervision.……     

Flow calorimeter for enthalpy increment measurements on condensed gases

A flow calorimeter for enthalpy increment measurements on condensed gases is presented. A better knowledge of the properties of the liquefied natural gas is needed, and therefore a liquid loop has been designed for our flow calorimeter. The fluid loop in the calorimeter is designed in order to avoid the two-phase region, since two phases would give compositional disturbances in the measurements. The avoidance of the two-phase region is made possible by increasing the pressure of the test fluid after the measurement section, then heating the fluid at super-critical pressure past the critical point. Finally, the fluid is throttled to the low-pressure gas state at the inlet condition of the compressor that circulates the fluid. To perform the pressure increase, a new cryogenic pump has been designed. To evaluate the new equipment, measurements were taken on liquid ethane over the temperature range 146–256 K at pressure between 0.9 and 5.1 MPa.     

From Industry 4.0 to Research 4.0. Development of High Performance Fibers in the Light of Digitization

We associate a variety of innovations with the term ＂Industry 4.0＂. The pioneer of many 4.0 modifications forms the basisfor the trend towards the integrated di...     

Refrigerators Enter a New Era of Health Preservation Frestech initiates the establishment of China's first standard for household sterilization refrigerators

On November 30, 2007, the China Association for Standardization (CAS) held a press conference at Beijing Diaoyutai State Guest House. Leaders from the China Household Electric Appliance Research Institute, the China Household Electric Appliance Association, and the China Consumers' Association attended and made speeches.……     

Optimum-Simulation von Ernteprozessen

Zusammenfassung Bei der Gestaltung von Ernteprozessen — beispielsweise des Prozesses Mähdrusch, Körnertransport und -abnahme — als transportverbundene Fließarbeitsverfahren mit mindestens zwei verschiedenen Arbeitsmitteln gibt es einen großen Optimierungsspielraum. Solche Prozesse sind mehrstufige Bedienungsprozesse mit gemischter Anordnung der Bedienungseinrichtungen. Außerdem besitzen sie stark ausgeprägte räumliche Aspekte. Es wird vor allem gezeigt, welche Merkmale solcher Prozesse in Simulationsmodellen abgebildet sein müssen, welche Zielgrößen in Abhängigkeit von welchen Einflußgrößen unter Berücksichtigung welcher Prozeßbedingungen ermittelt werden sollten und wie der Bewertungsprozeß zur Ermittlung der gewünschten Informationen gestaltet werden muß.     

Roman iron and steel: A review

ABSTRACT

The production of ferrous metal increased during the Roman Late Republican period, Principate and Empire. The direct bloomery process was used to extract the metal from its ores using slag-tapping and slag-pit furnaces. The fuel was charcoal and an air blast was introduced by bellows-operated tuyères. Iron formed as a bloom, often as a spongy mass of metal, which contained impurities from the smelting process, including unreacted ore, fuel, slag and fragments from the furnace walls, while the metal was often inhomogeneous with varied carbon contents. Blooms were either smithed directly into bars or ingots or they were broken up, which also allowed the removal of gross impurities and a selection of pieces with similar properties to be made. These could then be forge-welded together and formed into characteristically shaped ingots. Making steel in the furnace seems to have been achieved: it depended on the ore and the furnace and conditions within it. Surface carburization was also carried out. Iron and steel were used extensively in construction and for tools and weapons. Fire welding was often used to add pieces of steel to make the edges of tools and weapons, which could be heat-treated by quenching to harden them.     

A study of centrifugal cast high boron high speed steel

In the present study a high‐boron high speed steel (HSS) roll material was designed. Many expensive alloy elements have been substituted by cheap boron alloy, and high‐boron high speed steel roll has been manufactured by centrifugal casting method. The microstructures, mechanical properties and wear resistance of centrifugal casting high‐boron high speed steel roll have been investigated by optical microscopy (OM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and X‐ray diffraction (XRD) analysis, hardness test, impact test and wear test. The results indicated that the solidification microstructures of high‐boron high speed steel roll consisted of M₂(B,C), (W,Mo)₂(B,C), M₃(B,C), M₂₃(B,C)₆ type borocarbides and martensite, a small amount of retained austenite. Borocarbides were continuously distributed over the grain boundary. After quenching from 1050 °C, local broken network appeared in partial borocarbides, and fine secondary borocarbide precipitated from the matrix. After tempering from 525 °C, the amount of precipitated borocarbide increased significantly. After heat treatment, the hardness of high‐boron high speed steel roll excelled 60 HRC, and its impact toughness excelled 8.0 J/cm². The single groove steel rolling amount of high‐boron high speed steel rolls increases by 500% than that of bainite cast iron roll, when the rolls are used in K₁ mill housing of bar mill.     

Brainstorming for ISO Strategy 2016-2020

正Responding to ISO’s appeal for survey for the to-be-developed ISO Strategy Plan for 2016-2020,SAC hosted a special workshop over the needs and comments of various fi elds on June 8 in Beijing.The workshop was attended by ISO President-elect and Ansteel General Manager Zhang Xiaogang,SAC Vice-Administrator Yu Xinli,and 30 experts from