具有不同黏附力Al-Mg-Si合金超疏水表面的制备与表征

基于位错刻蚀理论利用溶液浸泡处理A1-Mg-Si合金在其表面形成微观粗糙表面结构,采用自组装技术在此表面制备FDTS自组装分子膜.采用X射线衍射仪、扫描电子显微镜和表面粗糙度仪对试样表面形貌进行了表征;采用接触角测量仪对试样表面接触角进行了测量.结果表明,试样经溶液浸泡处理和沉积自组装分子膜后,其表面润湿性实现了由亲水到超亲水再到超疏水的转变;改变溶液浸泡时间得到具有不同微观结构的表面,沉积自组装分子膜后得到的超疏水表面具有不同的滚动接触角,其表面黏附力具有明显差异.分析认为,超疏水表面的获得是溶液浸泡处理得到的粗糙表面结构和低表面能物质FDTS自组装分子膜共同作用的结果;表面黏附力的差异是试样表面微观形貌的不同造成水滴在其表面所处状态的差异引发的.     

水热法制备石墨烯/氧化铈复合材料及其可见光催化性能

采用水热法在140℃制备了石墨烯/氧化铈复合粉体及其前驱体。通过XRD、TG、SEM、TEM、UV-vis光谱等分析手段对产物的结构和形貌进行了表征,并以甲基橙溶液为模拟废水测试了所得石墨烯/氧化铈催化剂在可见光照射下的光催化性能。实验结果表明:氧化石墨烯的含量影响了产物的成分,在石墨烯/氧化铈复合粉体中,石墨烯表面修饰的氧化铈的含量较高,颗粒尺寸在15nm左右,并且分布均匀,且对甲基橙溶液表现出了良好的光催化活性。     

MB8镁合金化学转化膜的耐蚀性能

通过化学氧化工艺在MB8镁合金表面制备了化学转化膜,研究了氧化液种类、浓度对镁合金及表面转化膜的电化学腐蚀行为的影响,用扫描电镜观察了表面转化膜电化学腐蚀前后的微观形貌,用电化学分析系统测试了不同溶液中的塔菲尔极化曲线,并对MB8镁合金的氧化及电化学腐蚀行为进行了分析.结果表明,经1.5 min处理可以得到防护性能较好的氧化膜层,在0.5 mol/L H2SO4、0.5 mol/L NaOH和3.5%NaCl溶液中,带氧化膜镁合金的耐蚀性都比镁合金基体的耐蚀性好.     

聚乳酸表面处理的AFM观察及对细胞粘附性的影响

利用NaOH对溶液浇铸法制备的聚L-乳酸膜（PLLA）进行不同时间的表面处理,采用接触角仪和原子力显微镜（AFM）对处理前、后的材料表面进行亲水性和形貌表征,并初步研究了表面处理的材料对细胞粘附性的影响.结果表明,NaOH处理后的PLLA膜的亲水性明显改善,并且其表面平均粗糙度（Ra）由20 nm增加到40 nm～150 nm.成纤维细胞在改性后的材料表面的粘附和生长较改性前有了很大提高。     

镁稀土合金表面氧化铈-氧化钇稳定氧化锆涂层的耐高温及抗腐蚀性能

为提高镁稀土合金Mg-Gd-Y-Zr的耐高温和抗腐蚀能力,采用溶胶-凝胶法在该合金板表面制备了氧化铈掺杂氧化钇稳定氧化锆(CYSZ)的耐蚀涂层.X射线衍射和红外光谱等分析结果显示该涂层主要由CeO2-Y2O3-ZrO2等氧化物组成.析氢法和交流阻抗等电化学测试表明CYSZ涂层在5%NaCl溶液中比铬酸盐转化膜耐蚀性能更好,溶胶-凝胶膜贮藏和缓慢释放缓蚀剂显著增强了耐蚀涂层对基体镁合金板的耐盐水腐蚀能力.高温氧化动力学行为表明,在623 K时该膜对基体镁合金能够进行长时间保护.     

短直链淀粉纳米颗粒涂层制备超亲水淀粉膜

采用蜡质玉米淀粉为原料,经普鲁兰酶脱支处理,制备短直链淀粉.将短直链淀粉糊化后的溶液,通过膜材浸泡的方式,使淀粉膜表面形成短直链淀粉涂层,再通过4℃的老化处理,制备超亲水淀粉膜.对超亲水淀粉膜的表面形貌、结晶结构、红外光谱及亲水性进行了研究.结果表明,短直链淀粉在淀粉膜表面自组装成了纳米颗粒结构,增加了膜材表面的粗糙度,改善了淀粉膜的亲水性能.当短直链淀粉溶液质量浓度为0.010 g/mL时,可获得水接触角接近于0°的超亲水淀粉膜.     

壳聚糖膜表面的氦等离子体改性研究

采用溶液浇铸法制备了壳聚糖膜,通过氮等离子体对壳聚糖膜进行表面改性以提高其表面亲水性.采缮用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、表面接触角分析仪和X射线光电子能谱(XPS)对改性前后壳聚糖膜的表面结构和性能进行分析和表征,研究了不同等离子体处理时间和不同放电功率对壳聚糖膜表面结构和性能的影响.结果表明:经氮等离子体处理后,壳聚糖膜的表面接触角可由103.0°降为48.8°,表面亲水性得到明显改善.由XPS分析得知,膜表面的氧、氮含量及氧碳比增加,表面的C-C键发生了断裂而生成新的>C=O(COOR、COOH或CONH)等极性基团,从而使其亲水性增强.     

溶胶-凝胶法涂覆氧化铈对铬表面氧化膜生长机制的影响

采用溶胶-凝胶法在纯铬表面涂覆纳米氧化铈，并对其在1000℃空气中的氧化行为进行了研究，对于了解稀土元素改善合金抗氧化机理及开发新型稀土掺杂陶瓷防护涂层具有重要意义．采用扫描电子显微镜（SEM）和透射电子显微镜（TEM）对铬表面氧化膜的微观形貌与结构进行观测，用激光拉曼（Raman）和X射线衍射（XRD）对铬及其涂覆纳米氧化铈样品表面氧化膜的应力水平进行测试；并用二次离子质谱（SIMS）对氧化膜内元素Cr、O及Ce的深度分布情况进行了测试．结果表明，纳米氧化铈涂层降低了铬的氧化速率，其抛物线速率常数由涂覆前的2．6×10^-6mg^2／（cm^4·s）下降为涂覆后的7．4×10^-7mg^2／（cm^4·s），并且显著细化了表面Cr2O3膜的晶粒尺寸．这种细晶氧化膜可以通过高温蠕变的方式释放掉部分膜内压应力，并呈现出褶皱特征纳米氧化铈的存在使Cr2O3膜的生长机制由原来的Cr^3＋向外扩散控制转变为O^2-向内扩散控制．X射线衍射和激光拉曼测量均反映出表面涂覆氧化铈所引起的Cr2O3膜内应力降低；此外，结合氧化膜生长机制的转变对两种应力测量结果之间的偏差进行了分析．     

两亲性共聚物与PVDF共混合金膜的结构控制与表面自组装行为

从分子结构设计出发,合成了一系列可用于聚偏氟乙烯(PVDF)膜共混改性的两亲性共聚物,这些共聚物具有不同的分子结构(包括接枝、嵌段、交替、超支化等)和链形态(包括梳状、哑铃状、链球状等).将这些两亲性共聚物与PVDF膜材料进行溶液共混,通过溶液相转化法制备共混合金膜.在对成膜体系热力学和动力学分析的基础上,调控成膜工艺参数,实现了对PVDF共混合金膜的结构控制.通过研究发现:两亲性共聚物在成膜过程中自发地向膜表面迁移富集,并进行自组装,显著改善了PVDF膜的亲水性和抗污染性能.通过两亲性共聚物中的反应性基团,还可在膜表面固定某些功能分子或基团,进一步对膜进行表面修饰.     

双层刮膜法中聚砜膜结构的控制和性能研究

同时刮膜法是一种利用涂层与支撑层分离来制备高表面开孔率微孔膜的方法.本文采用同时刮膜法制备PSf微孔膜,考察了底层制膜液中聚砜的浓度、添加剂PVPK-90含量、凝胶浴温度以及PEI涂层厚度等参数对膜结构和性能的影响.结果表明,PSf溶液中聚合物浓度增大使溶液的黏度明显增大,同时膜表面凹洞数目减少,孔径减小,且水通量减少...     

AM355不锈钢在酸性溶液中的腐蚀电化学行为

结合腐蚀形貌,通过极化曲线、交流阻抗谱(EIS)和莫特肖特基(MS)曲线的测定,分析了溶液pH值对AM355不锈钢腐蚀电化学行为的影响。结果表明:随溶液pH值的减小,腐蚀电位正移,腐蚀电流密度增大,致钝电位发生了正移,致钝电流密度、维钝电流密度增大。钝化膜由铬氧化物和铁氧化物组成,酸性增加使得铁氧化物施主浓度增大,钝化膜表面吸附氢离子电荷密度增加。钝化膜的厚度及其电阻随pH值的减小而减小,钝化膜更容易被破坏,酸性达到一定程度,钝化膜局部区域优先腐蚀。溶液pH值减小,AM355在溶液中保持自钝化性能降低,材料的腐蚀速率增加。     

Deposition and corrosion behavior of silicate conversion coatings on aluminum alloy 2024

Potassium silicate was deposited on AA2024 aluminum alloy as environmentally friendly conversion coatings and its corrosion behavior were examined by means of electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, potentiodynamic polarization and surfaces techniques. Potentiodynamic polarization curves show significant decrease in corrosion current density of silicate coated aluminum in NaCl solution. The corrosion resistance was increased with increasing silicate concentration of coating baths. The results indicated that the coating applied from 3 molar silicate baths is more uniform and continuous. The X‐ray diffraction (XRD) and energy discharge spectroscopy (EDS) spectra confirm the existence of silicate film on the AA2024 surface. The coating performance was evaluated in acidic and basic NaCl solution and the results show the stability of silicate conversion coating in these solutions.     

含H2S的NaCl溶液中溶解氧对PH13-8Mo钢腐蚀性能的影响

为研究新型马氏体沉淀硬化不锈钢PH13-8Mo在含饱和H_2S的NaCl溶液中的腐蚀行为,利用极化曲线、电化学阻抗谱等电化学测试和浸泡实验相结合的方法,通过扫描电子显微镜(SEM)和X射线光电子能谱分析技术(XPS),观察了该高强钢在含H_2S的除氧和不除氧的NaCl溶液中的腐蚀形貌,并对其腐蚀产物的成分进行了分析.结果表明:在除氧的NaCl溶液中,阳极极化曲线的形状发生了明显的变化,电化学阻抗谱的容抗弧的幅值也较未除氧的溶液中变小;在除氧的NaCl溶液中浸泡7 d后,由于H_2S水解后的S~(2-)或HS~-离子侵入到钝化膜的内部,并与钝化膜或金属基体发生反应,使得试样表面发生全面腐蚀,腐蚀产物主要为Fe、Cr、Ni、Mo的氧化物和硫化物;而在未除氧的NaCl溶液中浸泡后,试样表面仅发生局部腐蚀.     

超级铁素体不锈钢表面超疏水结构的制备及其耐腐蚀性能

将多巴胺的自发聚合反应与低表面能物质ODA和PFDT结合,在超级铁素体不锈钢表面制备了均匀致密的超疏水薄膜.用水雾凝聚实验、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)和X射线能谱分析(EDS)等手段表征了涂层修饰前后的润湿性、表面形貌以及化学结构,并使用三电极体系电化学工作站测试了超级铁素体不锈钢表面修饰前后涂层的阻抗谱和极化曲线.结果...     

Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy investigation on indium tin oxide films under cathodic polarization in NaOH solution

The electrochemical corrosion behaviors of indium tin oxide (ITO) films under the cathodic polarization in 0.1 M NaOH solution were investigated by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. The as-received and the cathodically polarized ITO films were characterized by scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction for morphological, compositional and structural studies. The results showed that ITO films underwent a corrosion process during the cathodic polarization and the main component of the corrosion products was body-centered cubic indium. The electrochemical impedance parameters were related to the effect of the cathodic polarization on the ITO specimens. The capacitance of ITO specimens increased, while the charge transfer resistance and the inductance decreased with the increase of the polarization time. The proposed mechanism indicated that the corrosion products (metallic indium) were firstly formed during the cathodic polarization and then absorbed on the surface of the ITO film. As the surface was gradually covered by indium particles, the corrosion process was suppressed.     

In vitro corrosion behaviour of Ti–Nb–Sn shape memory alloys in Ringer’s physiological solution

The nearly equiatomic Ni–Ti alloy (Nitinol) has been widely employed in the medical and dental fields owing to its shape memory or superelastic properties. The main concern about the use of this alloy derives form the fact that it contains a large amount of nickel (55% by mass), which is suspected responsible for allergic, toxic and carcinogenic reactions. In this work, the in vitro corrosion behavior of two Ti–Nb–Sn shape memory alloys, Ti–16Nb–5Sn and Ti–18Nb–4Sn (mass%) has been investigated and compared with that of Nitinol. The in vitro corrosion resistance was assessed in naturally aerated Ringer’s physiological solution at 37°C by corrosion potential and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) measurements as a function of exposure time, and potentiodynamic polarization curves. Corrosion potential values indicated that both Ni–Ti and Ti–Nb–Sn alloys undergo spontaneous passivation due to spontaneously formed oxide film passivating the metallic surface, in the aggressive environment. It also indicated that the tendency for the formation of a spontaneous oxide is greater for the Ti–18Nb–5Sn alloy. Significantly low anodic current density values were obtained from the polarization curves, indicating a typical passive behaviour for all investigated alloys, but Nitinol exhibited breakdown of passivity at potentials above approximately 450 mV(SCE), suggesting lower corrosion protection characteristics of its oxide film compared to the Ti–Nb–Sn alloys. EIS studies showed high impedance values for all samples, increasing with exposure time, indicating an improvement in corrosion resistance of the spontaneous oxide film. The obtained EIS spectra were analyzed using an equivalent electrical circuit representing a duplex structure oxide film, composed by an outer and porous layer (low resistance), and an inner barrier layer (high resistance) mainly responsible for the alloys corrosion resistance. The resistance of passive film present on the metals’ surface increases with exposure time displaying the highest values to Ti–18Nb–4Sn alloy. All these electrochemical results suggest that Ti–Nb–Sn alloys are promising materials for biomedical applications.     

方波恒电位着色时间对不锈钢着色膜耐蚀性能的影响

以方波电位着色法在不锈钢表面制备彩色膜,可获得较快的膜生长速率,现有的硫酸方波电位着色研究未涉及着色时间对彩色膜耐蚀性的影响。采用无铬硫酸体系对304不锈钢进行交流方波恒电位电化学着色,运用色差计、扫描电镜及能谱仪、腐蚀加速浸泡试验和交流阻抗测试等方法,重点研究了硫酸介质中交流方波着色时间对着色膜着色性能和膜耐腐蚀性能的影响。结果表明:在高低电位幅值分别为0 V和1 V的方波脉冲条件下,20～120 min的着色时间范围内,膜的厚度随着着色时间增加而增厚,呈现不同色彩;但膜的耐腐蚀性能随时间增加并不呈线性增加关系,着色时间超过80 min,着色膜耐腐蚀性能反而下降,这与膜的双层结构有关:当着色时间超过80 min后,膜层由微孔钝化膜单层结构转变为顶层覆盖岛状富铬氧化物层的双层膜结构,顶层膜小岛之间的缝隙导致膜的微观电化学非均匀性,从而使膜的耐腐蚀性能降低。     

Ti基金属玻璃复合材料的腐蚀行为

采用水冷铜坩埚悬浮熔炼-铜模吸铸法制备了直径为3mm的(Ti0.5Ni0.5)80Cu20金属玻璃复合材料试样,对合金的组织结构进行表征,用电化学工作站三电极体系测试了不同腐蚀介质中的动电位极化曲线,并分析表征电化学腐蚀后的形貌和腐蚀产物。结果表明:合金组织由非晶基体+形状记忆晶体相组成,在铸造过程的温度梯度下呈现梯度组织,边缘为快冷形成的无序密堆非晶结构,心部主要析出相为过冷奥氏体相。在人工海水和模拟人体的PBS溶液中,合金均表现出良好的耐蚀性。与晶态TC4合金相比,自腐蚀电位高,腐蚀的热力学倾向小;自腐蚀电流密度低,极化电阻高,腐蚀的动力学速率低。合金在PBS溶液中由于介质中活性阴离子浓度低,比在人工海水中表现出更优异的抗蚀性。在腐蚀形貌中未发现点蚀坑,边缘区的氧化膜较心部区域更为致密均匀。     

6061铝合金表面硅烷-镧盐杂化膜制备工艺参数的正交优化

为探索硅烷-稀土盐复合膜的最佳制备工艺,以La(NO_3)_3·6H_2O为成膜物质,H_2O_2为促进剂,在铝合金表面制备硅烷-镧盐杂化膜,以膜层的极化电阻作为评价指标,采用正交试验法对制备工艺进行优选,采用电化学极化曲线和交流阻抗谱分析膜层的耐腐蚀性能,采用扫描电镜观察膜层的形貌,并与单一硅烷膜和镧盐膜的性能进行比较。结果表明:杂化膜的最佳制备工艺中镧盐沉积条件为10 g/L La(NO_3)_3·6H_2O,15 mL/L H_2O_2,成膜温度50℃,成膜时间40 min;镧盐掺杂有效提高了膜层的均匀度与致密度;杂化膜较单一硅烷膜和镧盐膜具有更好的致密性和疏水性,且能明显发挥镧盐膜和硅烷膜的协同作用,可有效降低6061铝合金的腐蚀速率,提高其耐蚀性。     

Effect of bias voltage on the electrochemical properties of TiN coating for polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cell

The electrochemical properties of TiN film coated on AISI 316 stainless steel (SS) by the magnetron sputtering physical vapor deposition (PVD) were studied for application as a bipolar plate. The crystal structure and surface morphology of the coatings were examined by x-ray diffractometry (XRD) and atomic force microscopy (AFM), respectively. The corrosion behaviors of the TiN films were investigated by electrochemical methods, including potentiodynamic polarization test and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) under + 600 mV_SCE application. The electrochemical behavior of the TiN coatings was enhanced with increasing bias voltage due to lower corrosion current density and higher R_ct values during an immersion time of 168 h. This result was attributed to the formation of crystalline-refined TiN(200) at high bias voltage, which increased the coating compactness and the protective efficiency, and decreased passive current density.