镍基合金FGH95在熔融NaCl-Na2SO4中的腐蚀行为

通过静态质量损失实验、X射线物相分析、扫描电镜形貌观察及微区成分分析等手段,研究了FGH95合金在650,700和750℃下的抗熔盐热腐蚀行为及热腐蚀动力学规律.研究结果表明:FGH95合金在650℃具有较好的抗热腐蚀性;在700和750℃下,FGH95抗热腐蚀能力下降,腐蚀严重.FGH95热腐蚀层主要由NiO,Ni3S2,Cr2O3组成,在700℃下腐蚀层出现NiCr2O4,在750℃下腐蚀层出现NaCl.     

一种镍基单晶合金在不同介质中的热腐蚀行为

利用高温热处理炉、扫描电镜和X射线衍射仪等研究了镍基单晶合金在Na2SO4、NaCl以及75％ Na2SO4+25％NaCl中的热腐蚀行为.结果表明:在700℃腐蚀10h时,镍基合金在75％Na2SO4+25％NaCl溶液中的热腐蚀最为严重,其次为Na2SO4,在NaCl中的热腐蚀程度最轻;合金在Na2SO4溶液中主要发生氧化-硫化反应,腐蚀产物主要由Al2O3、NiO、Cr2S3、Ni3S2、NiCr2O4和TiS组成;在NaCl溶液中的热腐蚀主要发生氧化反应,腐蚀产物主要由Na2CrO4、NiO和Al2O3组成;在75％Na2SO4+25％NaCl溶液中的热腐蚀以氧化-硫化为主,腐蚀产物主要为Al2O3、NiO、TiO2、CrO、CrS、Ni3S2以及少许CoCr2S4.     

Al对IN718合金拉伸性能及稳定性的影响

Al对IN718合金拉伸性能及其稳定性影响的研究结果表明,在标准热处理状态下,Al增加合金中γ"和γ'相析出总量,提高合金室温和680℃的抗拉伸强度,但Al抑制晶界δ相析出,促进Laves相、M7C3相和σ相等在晶界析出,恶化合金的拉伸塑性.经680℃长期时效以后,γ"和γ'相粒子长大,其中高Al合金中析出的γ"/γ'"包覆组织"的长大速率比常规合金中的γ"相小,但两者拉伸强度下降的速度基本相同;合金晶界状态恶化,使室温拉伸塑性明显降低;强化相粒子长大,合金基体的高温强度降低,使680℃拉伸塑性升高.     

K17镍基铸造高温合金环境损伤的研究

本文研究了镍基铸造高温合金K17在真空、空气和热腐蚀环境中热暴露前后持久性能和高温拉伸性能的变化.结果表明,真空中热暴露对K17合金的持久寿命没有影响,但降低高温瞬时拉伸强度,提高持久塑性和高温瞬时拉伸塑性;空气和热腐蚀环境中热暴露明显降低持久性能和高温瞬时拉伸性能,其中尤以热腐蚀环境最严重,空气环境暴露造成晶界氧化并贫Cr,热腐蚀环境暴露引起晶界严重硫化,晶界两侧贫Cr富S,因而弱化晶界,降低性能.     

IN718合金近等温锻造研究

对IN718合金进行近等温锻造实验.结果表明:近等温锻造IN718合金微观组织和拉伸性能对温度场敏感,对变形量和应变速率不敏感,有利于IN718合金近等温加工成形.当成形温度较低时(980℃),晶粒细小,间隙相以短棒状析出,分散程度高,塑性性能高,但是屈服强度低;当成形温度较高时(1060℃),晶粒粗大,仅在晶界处有间隙相以针状析出,塑性性能较低,但是屈服强度好转;在1020℃近等温锻造IN718合金,晶粒细小,短棒状问隙相在晶内析出、针状间隙相在晶界处析出,拉伸性能优越,针状间隙相对屈服强度贡献显著.     

一种镍基合金在850℃和950℃熔融NaCl中的热腐蚀行为

采用X射线(XRD)、扫描电镜(SEM/EDAX)等手段,研究了一种镍基合金在850℃和950℃熔融Na Cl的热腐蚀行为。结果表明:腐蚀期间,合金发生了高温氧化和热腐蚀行为;合金表面腐蚀产物分为3层,外层氧化物由Al2O3、Al Ta O4和Ni Cr2O4组成,中间层氧化物为Cr Ta O4、Ni WO4和WO3,而内层形成Al2O3内氧化物;且随腐蚀温度提高,合金表面的腐蚀层厚度及Al2O3内氧化层深度增加。     

溅射IN738纳米晶涂层的涂盐热腐蚀行为

通过磁控溅射方法在IN738合金上溅射了一层与基体同成分的纳米晶涂层,研究了铸态IN738合金及其纳米晶涂层在900℃涂有75%Na2SO4+25%K2SO4的热腐蚀行为.结果表明:纳米晶涂层能生成一层连续的Al2O3内层,提高了合金的抗热腐蚀性能.     

超超临界锅炉用TP310HCbN不锈钢的热腐蚀行为研究

以80%Na2SO4+10%K2SO4+10%KCl混合熔融盐为热腐蚀介质,研究了TP310HCbN奥氏体不锈耐热钢在600℃,650℃和700℃下的热腐蚀行为。结果表明:在600℃和650℃下,腐蚀失重轻微,热腐蚀过程中腐蚀产物从样品表面剥落,样品晶界发现大量硫化物,并有明显的晶间腐蚀倾向;在700℃下,样品失重加速,腐蚀产物剥落严重。利用XRD和SEM分析样品经热腐蚀后的表面成分和结构,腐蚀产物主要由Fe3O4和(Fe,Cr)2O3组成,并含有少量的NiCr2O4和Cr2S3。     

825合金在高温高压H_2S/CO_2环境中的应力腐蚀研究

825合金在高温高压H2S/CO2腐蚀介质中,经过了720 h的应力腐蚀。试验结果表明:其腐蚀层增厚仅几十微米,试样未产生开裂现象,其耐SSCC性能优异。825合金可自钝化,钝化膜由Cr2O3和Ni O组成,钝化膜的破坏是由于Cl-等复杂介质的联合作用。腐蚀层主要由氧化物和硫化物组成,由于试验温度较低(170℃),反应较为缓慢,腐蚀层很薄,对其力学性能影响很小。     

镍基铸造高温合金K35的热腐蚀行为

研究了涂有7596Na2SO4＋25％NaCl盐膜的镍基铸造高温合金K35在800℃～900℃的热腐蚀行为．结果表明．该合金在实验条件下发生高温热腐蚀．在800℃，腐蚀动力学曲线大体遵循抛物线规律．腐蚀产物分为3个区域：即外层是以Cr2O3为主相对致密的具有保护性的氧化层，中间层是富Ti层，内层是以舢、Ti为主的氧化物．腐蚀形貌观察说明，热腐蚀的发展主要伴随着致密氧化层的增厚以及Cr2O3保护性氧化膜的挥发，且涂盐导致Cr2O3挥发温度降低．在800℃及850℃表面有少量硫化物形成，随腐蚀温度增高有内硫化物产生．腐蚀动力学和腐蚀形貌特点支持热腐蚀的硫化-碱融机理模型。     

Effects of Post-weld Heat Treatment on Microstructure,Mechanical Properties and the Role of Weld Reinforcement in 2219 Aluminum Alloy TIG-Welded Joints

In as-welded state, each region of 2219 aluminum alloy TIG-welded joint shows diff erent microstructure and microhardness due to the diff erent welding heat cycles and the resulting evolution of second phases. After the post-weld heat treatment, both the amount and the size of the eutectic structure or θ phases decreased. Correspondingly, both the Cu content in α-Al matrix and the microhardness increased to a similar level in each region of the joint, and the tensile strength of the entire joint was greatly improved. Post-weld heat treatment played the role of solid solution strengthening and aging strengthening. After the post-weld heat treatment, the weld performance became similar to other regions, but weld reinforcements lost their reinforcing eff ect on the weld and their existence was more of an adverse eff ect. The joint without weld reinforcements after the post-weld heat treatment had the optimal tensile properties, and the specimens randomly crack in the weld zone.     

The First Phase of the SRIF Industrialized Base in ＂West Area＂ Has Been Put into Operation

After nearly two years＇ tense construction, the first phase of industrialized base of Shenyang Research Institute of Foundry （SRIF）, located at the Tiexi Casting and Forging Industrial Park in the west of Tiexi District, has now been completed and formally put into operation.     

Thermodynamics Study on the Decomposition of Chromite with KOH

Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China, has proposed a method for oxidative leaching of chromite with potassium hydroxide. Understanding the mechanism of chromite decomposition, especially in the potassium hydroxide fusion, is important for the optimization of the operating parameters of the oxidative leaching process. A traditional thermodynamic method is proposed and the thermal decomposition and the reaction decomposition during the oxidative leaching of chromite with KOH and oxygen is discussed, which suggests that chromite is mainly destroyed by reactions with KOH and oxygen. Meanwhile, equilibrium of the main reactions of the above process was calculated at different temperatures and oxygen partial pressures. The stable zones of productions, namely, K2CrO4 and Fe2O3, increase with the decrease of temperature, which indicates that higher temperature is not beneficial to thermodynamic reactions. In addition, a comparison of the general alkali methods is carried out, and it is concluded that the KOH leaching process is thermodynamically superior to the conventional chromate production process.     

Influence of Heat Treatment on Damping Behaviour of the Magnesium Wrought Alloy AZ61

The effect of isochronal heat treatments for 1h on variation of damping, hardness and microstructural change of the magnesium wrought alloy AZ61 was investigated. Damping and hardness behaviour could be attributed to the evolution of precipitation process. The influence of precipitation on damping behaviour was explained in the framework of the dislocation string model of Granato and Lücke.     

Effect of Rare Earth Doping on Impedance,Modulus and Conductivity Properties of Multiferroic Composites:0.5(BiLa_xFe_(1-x)O_3)–0.5(PbTiO_3)

The Lanthanum-doped bismuth ferrite–lead titanate compositions of 0.5(Bi LaxFe1-xO3)–0.5(Pb Ti O3)(x = 0.05,0.10,0.15,0.20)(BLxF1-x-PT) were prepared by mixed oxide method.Structural characterization was performed by X-ray diffraction and shows a tetragonal structure at room temperature.The lattice parameter c/a ratio decreases with increasing of La(x = 0.05–0.20) concentration of the composites.The effect of charge carrier/ion hopping mechanism,conductivity,relaxation process and impedance parameters was studied using an impedance analyzer in a wide frequency range(102–106Hz) at different temperatures.The nature of Nyquist plot confirms the presence of bulk effects only,and non-Debye type of relaxation processes occurs in the composites.The electrical modulus exhibits an important role of the hopping mechanism in the electrical transport process of the materials.The ac conductivity and dc conductivity of the materials were studied,and the activation energy found to be 0.81,0.77,0.76 and 0.74 e V for all compositions of x = 0.05–0.20 at different temperatures(200–300 °C).     

Quantitative Analysis of the Crystallographic Orientation Relationship Between the Martensite and Austenite in Quenching–Partitioning–Tempering Steels

The orientation relationships(ORs)between the martensite and the retained austenite in low-and medium-carbon steels after quenching–partitioning–tempering process were studied in this work.The ORs in the studied steels are identified by selected-area electron diffraction(SAED)as either K–S or N–W ORs.Meanwhile,the ORs were also studied based on numerical fitting of electron backscatter diffraction data method suggested by Miyamoto.The simulated K–S and N–W ORs in the low-index directions generally do not well coincide with the experimental pole figure,which may be attributed to both the orientation spread from the ideal variant orientations and high symmetry of the low-index directions.However,the simulated results coincide well with experimental pole figures in the high-index directions{123}_(bcc).A modified method with simplicity based on Miyamoto’s work was proposed.The results indicate that the ORs determined by modified method are similar to those determined by Miyamoto’method,that is,the OR is near K–S OR for the low-carbon Q–P–T steel,and with the increase of carbon content,the OR is closer to N–W OR in medium-carbon Q–P–T steel.     

Growth Kinetics of Single Inclusion Particle in Molten Melts

On the basis of the single-particle framework, a new theory on inclusion growth in metallurgical melts is developed to study the kinetics of inclusion growth on account of reaction and collision. The studies show that the early growth of inclusion depends on reaction growth and Brawnian motion collision, and where the former is decisive, the late growth depends on turbulence collision and Stokes＇ collision, and where the former is dominant; collision growth is very quick during the smelting process, lessened in the refining process, but nearly negligible in the continuous casting process.     

Theoretical Analysis for the Motion and Temperature of Melt Droplets in Spray Degassing Process

The motion of melt droplets in spray degassing process was analyzed theoretically. The height of the treatment tank in spray degassing process could be determined by the results of theoretical calculation of motion of melt droplets. To know whether the melt droplets would solidify during spraying process, the balance temperature of melt droplets was also theoretically analyzed. Then proof experiments for theoretical results about temperature of melt droplets were carried. In comparison, the experimental results were nearly similar to the calculation results.     

Using Finite Element and Contour Method to Evaluate Residual Stress in Thick Ti-6Al-4V Alloy Welded by Electron Beam Welding

This work was to reveal the residual stress profile in electron beam welded Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates(50 mm thick) by using finite element and contour measurement methods.A three-dimensional finite element model of 50-mmthick titanium component was proposed,in which a column–cone combined heat source model was used to simulate the temperature field and a thermo-elastic–plastic model to analyze residual stress in a weld joint based on ABAQUS software.Considering the uncertainty of welding simulation,the computation was calibrated by experimental data of contour measurement method.Both test and simulated results show that residual stresses on the surface and inside the weld zone are significantly different and present a narrow and large gradient feature in the weld joint.The peak tensile stress exceeds the yield strength of base materials inside weld,which are distinctly different from residual stress of the thin Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates presented in references before.     

Microstructures and Tensile Properties of Ultrafine-Grained Ni–(1–3.5) wt% SiC_(NP) Composites Prepared by a Powder Metallurgy Route

Silicon carbide nanoparticle-reinforced nickel-based composites(Ni–Si CNP),with a Si CNPcontent ranged from1 to 3.5 wt%,were prepared using mechanical alloying and spark plasma sintering.In addition,unreinforced pure nickel samples were also prepared for comparative purposes.To characterize the microstructural properties of both the unreinforced pure nickel and the Ni–Si CNPcomposites transmission electron microscopy(TEM) was used,while their mechanical behavior was investigated using the Vickers pyramid method for hardness measurements and a universal tensile testing machine for tensile tests.TEM results showed an array of dislocation lines decorated in the sintered pure nickel sample,whereas,for the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the presence of nano-dispersed Si CNPand twinning crystals was observed.These homogeneously distributed Si CNPwere found located either within the matrix,between twins or on grain boundaries.For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,coerced coarsening of the Si CNPassembly occurred with increasing Si CNPcontent.Furthermore,the grain sizes of the Ni–Si CNPcomposites were much finer than that of the unreinforced pure nickel,which was considered to be due to the composite ball milling process.In all cases,the Ni–Si CNPcomposites showed higher strengths and hardness values than the unreinforced pure nickel,likely due to a combination of dispersion strengthening(Orowan effects) and particle strengthening(Hall–Petch effects).For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the strength increased initially and then decreased as a function of Si CNPcontent,whereas their elongation percentages decreased linearly.Compared to all materials tested,the Ni–Si CNPcomposite containing 1.5% Si C was found more superior considering both their strength and plastic properties.