Development and Validation of a Method for the Determination of Quinolones in Muscle and Eggs by Liquid Chromatography-Tandem Mass Spectrometry

In this study, the development and validation of a multiresidue method for the detection of 11 quinolones (marbofloxacin, norfloxacin, ciprofloxacin, danofloxacin, lomefloxacin, enrofloxacin, sarafloxacin, difloxacin, oxolinic acid, nalidixic acid, flumequine) in muscle and eggs were reported. The method involved an extraction with a methanol/metaphosphoric acid mixture and a clean up by Oasis hydrophilic-lipophilic balance (HLB) cartridge. The validation was performed according to the Commission Decision 2002/657/EC. Linearity, specificity, decision limit (CCα), detection capability (CCβ), recovery, precision (repeatability and within-laboratory reproducibility), and ruggedness were determined. Depending on the analytes, CCα and CCβ ranged from 113 to 234 μg/kg and from 126 to 282 μg/kg in muscle samples, whereas in eggs, these parameters were between 5.6 and 7.4 μg/kg and between 6.1 and 9.8 μg/kg, respectively. In both the examined matrices, the recovery values were always higher than 90 % and precision, calculated as relative standard deviation, was equal to or lower than 16 % for repeatability and 23 % for within-laboratory reproducibility. The described method can be considered adequate for the simultaneous determination and quantification of quinolones in the tested food matrices.     

Validation of a quantitative and confirmatory method for residue analysis of aminoglycoside antibiotics in poultry, bovine, equine and swine kidney through liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry

The use of aminoglycoside antibiotics in food animals is approved in Brazil. Accordingly, Brazilian food safety legislation sets maximum levels for these drugs in tissues from these animals in an effort to guarantee that food safety is not compromised. Aiming to monitor the levels of these drugs in tissues from food animals, the validation of a quantitative, confirmatory method for the detection of residues of 10 aminoglycosides antibiotics in poultry, swine, equine and bovine kidney, with extraction using a solid phase and detection and quantification by LC-MS/MS was performed. The procedure is an adaptation of the US Department of Agriculture, Food Safety and Inspection Service (USDA-FSIS) qualitative method, with the inclusion of additional clean-up and quantification at lower levels, which proved more efficient. Extraction was performed using a phosphate buffer containing trifluoroacetic acid followed by neutralization, purification on a cationic exchange SPE cartridge, with elution with methanol/acetic acid, evaporation, and dilution in ion-pair solvent. The method was validated according to the criteria and requirements of the European Commission Decision 2002/657/EC, showing selectivity with no matrix interference. Linearity was established for all analytes using the method of weighted minimum squares. CCα and CCβ varied between 1036 and 12,293 μg kg(-1), and between 1073 and 14,588 μg kg(-1), respectively. The limits of quantification varied between 27 and 688 μg kg(-1). The values of recovery for all analytes in poultry kidney, fortified in the range of 500-1500 μg kg(-1), were higher than 90%, and the relative standard deviations were lower than 15%, except spectinomycin (21.8%). Uncertainty was estimated using a simplified methodology of 'bottom-up' and 'top-down' strategies. The results showed that this method is effective for the quantification and confirmation of aminoglycoside residues and could be used by the Brazilian programme of residue control.     

Confirmatory method for the determination of streptomycin and dihydrostreptomycin in honey by LC-MS/MS

A method was specifically developed for the determination and confirmation of streptomycin and dihydrostreptomycin in different types of honey. The method is simple, rapid, sensitive and was validated for streptomycin and dihydrostreptomycin in accordance with Commission Decision 2002/657/EC. After extraction with phosphate buffer and a pH change, clean-up was performed via SPE with polymeric phase. LC-MS/MS analysis was carried out using two different HILIC columns for the separation of the analytes and using a triple quadrupole mass spectrometer in positive ESI mode to measure the transitions of the substances in MRM mode. For the quantification of both substances, matrix calibration curves in a linear range of 5-80 g kg(-1) were used. The validation parameters established for streptomycin and dihydrostreptomycin, CCα (11.8 and 11.5 μg kg(-1), respectively), CCβ (18.9 and 19.9 μg kg(-1), respectively), recovery (97 and 101%, respectively) and the relative within-laboratory reproducibility RSD(wR) (16.4 and 20.8%, respectively) at the recommended concentration of 40 μg kg(-1), fulfil the requirements of Commission Decision 2002/657/EC.     

改良QuEChERS-高效液相色谱-串联质谱法同时测定水产品中的13种镇静剂

建立了改良的QuEChERS结合高效液相色谱-串联质谱同时测定水产品中13种镇静剂类药物的分析方法。样品经氨化乙腈提取,增强型去除脂类基质吸附剂(Enhanced matrix removal-lipid,EMR-Lipid)净化,然后用高效液相色谱-串联质谱仪多反应监测模式检测,外标法定量。结果表明,13种镇静剂在0.5~40 μg/L浓度范围内均呈良好的线性关系,相关系数(r)均大于0.99,方法检出限为0.0103~0.1470 μg/kg,定量限为0.0340~0.4850 μg/kg。在3个不同添加水平下的平均回收率为70.7%~108.0%,RSD为1.4%~10.3%。本方法操作简单,灵敏度高,净化效果好,可用于水产品中13种镇静剂的快速分析。     

UPLC-MS/MS同时检测婴幼儿配方乳粉中氯酸盐和高氯酸盐残留

该实验建立了超高效液相色谱-串联质谱法（UPLC-MS/MS）同时测定婴幼儿配方乳粉中氯酸盐和高氯酸盐残留量的方法。样品经甲酸水提取,乙腈沉淀蛋白,乙腈饱和正己烷除去脂肪,采用Anionic Polar Pesticide色谱柱（2.1 mm×150 mm,5 μm）分离,以0.9%甲酸+50 mmol/L甲酸铵水溶液和乙腈为流动相梯度洗脱,在电喷雾离子源负离子（ESI-）多反应监测模式条件下,对氯酸盐和高氯酸盐进行定性和定量分析。结果表明,高氯酸盐和氯酸盐分别在0.5～50.0 μg/L和1.0～100.0 μg/L范围内线性关系良好,高氯酸盐和氯酸盐的定量限（LOQ）分别为7.5 μg/kg和15.0 μg/kg。高氯酸盐和氯酸盐的加标回收率为82.5%～98.5%,精密度试验结果的相对标准偏差（RSD）为2.0%～8.7%;该方法稳定、准确、灵敏度高,可用于婴幼儿配方乳粉中氯酸盐和高氯酸盐残留量检测。     

Validation of an LC-MS/MS method for malachite green (MG), leucomalachite green (LMG), crystal violet (CV) and leucocrystal violet (LCV) residues in fish and shrimp

A quantitative liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) method for the simultaneous analyses of malachite green (MG), crystal violet (CV) and its major metabolites, leucomalachite green (LMG) and leucocrystal violet (LCV) residues in fish and shrimp samples has been validated. Fish and shrimp samples were extracted with citrate buffer/acetonitrile, and the extracts were purified on strong cation-exchange (SCX) solid-phase extraction (SPE) cartridge. After conversion of LMG into MG using a post column oxidation reactor containing lead (IV) oxide (PbO(2)), the effluents were analysed. Residues were analysed using positive-ion electrospray ionisation (ESI). Identification and quantification of analytes were based on the ion transitions monitored by multiple reaction monitoring (MRM). Validation of the method was carried out in accordance with the Decision 2002/657/EC, which establishes criteria and procedures for the validation of methods. The following parameters were determined: decision limit (CCα), detection capability (CCβ), linearity, accuracy, precision, selectivity, specificity and matrix effect. The decision limits (CCα) for MG, LMG, CV and LCV were 0.164, 0.161, 0.248 and 0.860 μg kg(-1). The respective detection capabilities (CCβ) were 0.222, 0.218, 0.355 and 1.162 μg kg(-1). Typical recoveries (intermediate precision) in shrimp, for MG, CV, LMG and LCV for 2.0 μg kg(-1) level fortified samples using the optimised procedure were in the range 69%, 97%, 80.3% and 71.8%, respectively. The findings demonstrate the suitability of the method to detect simultaneously MG, CV and its metabolite (LMG and LCV) in fish and shrimp.     

Multi-residual analysis of 16 β-agonists in pig liver,kidney and muscle by ultra performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry

A delicate method was developed for simultaneous analysis of 16 illegal residual β-agonists in pork tissues including liver, kidney and meat. The samples were subjected to enzymatic hydrolysis, extracted with perchloric acid, and then dual Oasis HLB and MCX solid phase extraction (SPE) cartridges were used for cleanup. The analytes were quantified by ultra performance liquid chromatography coupled with electrospray ionisation tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC–ESI–MS/MS) operating in positive multiple-reaction mode (MRM). Matrix-fortified calibration curves were performed to compensate for the matrix effect and loss in sample preparation. CCα and CCβ of the analytes upon the method ranged from 0.02 to 0.79 μg/kg and from 0.04 to 1.62 μg/kg, respectively.     

空间位阻净化-超高效液相色谱-串联质谱技术测定动物源性食品中抗组胺类药物残留

建立超高效液相色谱-串联质谱法快速测定动物源性食品中19 种抗组胺类药物及其代谢物残留的方法。样品用乙腈-乙酸乙酯溶液提取,提取液经空间位阻净化吸附剂EMR净化,再经无水硫酸镁和氯化钠盐析并浓缩后测定,以0.1%甲酸和0.1%甲酸-乙腈作为流动相进行梯度洗脱,在Poroshell 120 EC-C18色谱柱（100 mm×2.1 mm,2.7 μm）上分离,柱温35 ℃,流速0.3 mL/min,进样量10 μL,在电喷雾正离子模式下以动态多反应监测采集数据,外标法定量。结果表明,19 种抗组胺类药物及其代谢物在相应质量浓度范围内线性良好,相关系数均大于0.999,不同阴性样品基质中（牛肉、鸡肉、猪肝）在3 个质量浓度水平加标实验回收率在75.1%～89.1%之间,相对标准偏差为2.3%～7.1%,方法检出限为0.2～2.0 μg/kg,定量限为0.6～6.0 μg/kg。经方法学验证,本方法简便快速、重复性好、灵敏度高、结果可靠。适用于动物源性食品中19 种抗组胺类药物及其代谢物的快速筛查和定量测定。     

Surveillance study of a number of synthetic and natural growth promoters in bovine muscle samples using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry

A simple, new method permitting the simultaneous determination and confirmation of trace residues of 24 different growth promoters and metabolites using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry was developed and validated. The compounds were extracted from bovine tissue using acetonitrile; sodium sulphate was also added at this stage to aid with purification. The resulting mixture was then evaporated to approximately 1 ml and subsequently centrifuged at high speed and an aliquot injected onto the LC-MS/MS system. The calculated CCα values ranged between 0.11 and 0.46 μg kg(-1); calculated CCβ were in the range 0.19-0.79 μg kg(-1). Accuracy, measurement of uncertainty, repeatability and linearity were also determined for each analyte. The analytical method was applied to a number of bovine tissue samples imported into Ireland from third countries. Levels of progesterone were found in a number of samples at concentrations ranging between 0.28 and 30.30 μg kg(-1). Levels of alpha- and beta-testosterone were also found in a number of samples at concentrations ranging between 0.22 and 8.63 μg kg(-1) and between 0.16 and 2.08 μg kg(-1) respectively.     

Rapid screening method for quinolone residues in livestock and fishery products using immobilised metal chelate affinity chromatographic clean-up and liquid chromatography-fluorescence detection

An efficient LC method was developed for screening the presence of quinolones (QLs)--comprising fluoroquinolones (FQs) and acidic quinolones (AQs)--residues in various livestock and fishery products. Targeted analytes were for nine FQs of marbofloxacin (MAR), ofloxacin (OFL), norfloxacin (NOR), ciprofloxacin (CIP), enrofloxacin (ENR), danofloxacin (DAN), orbifloxacin (ORB), difloxacin (DIF) and sarafloxacin (SAR), and three AQs of oxolinic acid (OXA), nalidixic acid (NAL) and flumequine (FMQ). Samples comprised ten different food products covering five matrices: muscle (cattle, swine and chicken), liver (chicken), raw fish (shrimp and salmon), egg (chicken), and processed food (ham, sausage and fish sausage). This method involved a simple extraction with (1:1) acetonitrile-methanol, a highly selective clean-up with an immobilised metal chelate affinity column charged with Fe(3+), a fast isocratic LC analysis using a short column (20 mm × 4.6 mm, 3 μm) with a mobile phase of (15:85:0.1) methanol/water/formic acid, and fluorescence detection (excitation/emission wavelengths of 295 nm/455 nm for FQs (495 nm for MAR), and 320 nm/365 nm for AQs). Among FQs, pairs of NOR/OFL, ORB/DIF and ENR/DAN were incompletely resolved. A confirmatory LC run with a Mg(2+) containing methanolic mobile phase was also proposed for the samples suspected of being positive. The optimised method gave satisfactory recoveries of 88.5% (56.1-108.6%) and 78.7% (44.1-99.5%) for intra- and inter-day assays with relative standard deviations of 7.2% (0.7-18.4%) and 6.8% (1.4-16.6%), respectively. Limits of quantitation ranged from 0.8 μg kg(-1) (DAN) to 6.5 μg kg(-1) (SAR). This method was successfully employed to analyse 113 real samples and two positive samples were found: fish sausage (CIP 990 μg kg(-1)) and shrimp (ENR 20 μg kg(-1)).     

免疫亲和柱净化-UPLC-MS/MS测定鱼虾肉中的3 种氨基糖苷类抗生素

将庆大霉素（gentamicin,GEN）、卡那霉素（kanamycin,KAN）和安普霉素（apramycin,APR）的抗体同时偶联到溴化氰活化的琼脂糖凝胶上,制备成复合型免疫亲和柱（immunoaffinity column,IAC）。建立鱼虾肉中3 种氨基糖苷类抗生素的免疫亲和柱净化-超高效液相色谱-串联质谱分析方法。采用BEH Amide（100?mm×2.1?mm,1.7?μm）色谱柱分离,以0.05%甲酸溶液和乙腈为流动相梯度洗脱,电喷雾正离子多反应模式监测。结果表明,所制备的IAC对GEN、KAN和APR的柱容量分别为1?127、1?368、925?ng/mL,洗脱液选用0.1%甲酸-甲醇溶液。GEN的线性范围为80.0～500?μg/L,KAN和APR的线性范围为20～500?μg/L,相关系数均大于0.995。鱼虾肉基质中3?种物质的平均回收率为71.7%～96.8%,相对标准偏差为4.2%～10.9%（n=6）,检出限和定量限分别为10～40?μg/kg和20～80?μg/kg。为水产品中氨基糖苷类药物残留监控提供一种有效的技术手段。     

Determination of (fluoro)quinolones in eggs by liquid chromatography with fluorescence detection and confirmation by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry

A multiresidue analytical procedure for determination of seven fluoroquinolones (marbofloxacin, norfloxacin as internal standard, ciprofloxacin, danofloxacin, enrofloxacin, sarafloxacin and difloxacin), and three quinolones (oxolinic acid, nalidixic acid and flumequine) in eggs is presented. The procedure is based on dispersive solid-phase extraction technique with acetonitrile as extractant. Norfloxacin and ciprofloxacin - d8 were used as internal standards to quantify the (fluoro)quinolones. Analyses were realised by LC-FLD for screening and LC-MS/MS for confirmatory purposes. The whole procedure was evaluated according to the Commission Decision 2002/657/EC. Specificity, decision limit (CCα), detection capacity (CCβ), recovery (absolute and relative), precision (repeatability and reproducibility) were determined during validation process. Recoveries (relative) for the LC-FLD screening determination ranged from 85% to 93%, repeatability and reproducibility were in the range of 5-9% to 9-16%, respectively. CCα and CCβ were 13-37 and 17-43 μg/kg pending on analite. For the LC-MS/MS confirmatory method, the relative recoveries were satisfactory (92-99%) with repeatability and reproducibility in the range of 4-7% to 6-12%, respectively. CCα and CCβ were 3-7 and 7-11 μg/kg depending on the analite. The results of both prepared methods showed these analytical procedures simple, rapid, sensitive and suitable for routine control of eggs.     

通过式固相萃取与液相色谱串联质谱和气相色谱串联质谱结合测定加热卷烟中多种农药残留

[目的]实现加热卷烟中多种农药残留的测定.[方法]样品经乙腈提取,以PRiME HLB通过式固相萃取柱净化后,分别以液相色谱-串联质谱(LC-MS/MS)和气相色谱-串联质谱(GC-MS/MS)分析.[结果]①PRiME HLB通过式固相萃取净化效率高,操作简便.②在高、中、低三个不同添加浓度水平下,所有分析物的回收率...     

高效液相色谱-串联质谱法检测鱼肉中5种头孢类药物

建立高效液相色谱-串联质谱法同时检测鱼肉中5 种头孢类抗生素（头孢氨苄、头孢洛宁、头孢匹林、头孢 喹肟和头孢唑啉）残留的检测方法。鱼肉基质经乙腈提取,Prime HLB（6 mL,200 mg）固相萃取小柱净化。采用 AB-4500 Qtrap液相色谱-串联质谱仪,Accucore C18 RP-MS色谱柱（2.1 mm×100 mm,2.7 μm）,以乙腈和体积分 数0.1%的乙酸水溶液为流动相进行梯度洗脱,流速0.4 mL/min,柱温30 ℃。采用电喷雾离子源,正离子扫描,多反 应监测模式,外标法定量。结果表明：5 种头孢类药物在0～75 μg/kg范围内线性良好,且在8 min内完全分离;5 种 头孢类药物的检出限均为0.5 μg/kg,定量限为2.0 μg/kg;在10、25、40 μg/kg加标水平下,5 种头孢类药物的批内平 均加标回收率为81.0%～111.0%,相对标准偏差为0.41%～10.50%,批间平均加标回收率为84.7%～106.0%,相对标 准偏差为0.88%～8.71%。     

高效液相色谱-串联质谱法测定动物肌肉组织中氨基甲酸酯类杀虫剂及其代谢物残留

建立动物组织中氨基甲酸酯类杀虫剂及其代谢物(共16种)残留的高效液相色谱-串联质谱分析方法。样品经乙腈提取、浓缩、净化,液相色谱串联质谱测定,内标法定量。16种杀虫剂在1.0～100μg/L范围内线性关系良好(r＞0.9959);方法定量限为0.5～2.5μg/kg;样品添加5.0、10.0、20μg/kg时,加标回收率为71.4%～105.5%;相对标准偏差为3.2%～13.7%。该方法具有简便快捷、灵敏度高的特点,适用于动物肌肉中氨基甲酸酯类杀虫剂及其代谢物残留量的检测。     

超高效液相色谱-串联质谱法直接同时测定牛乳中草铵膦及其代谢物

采用多壁碳纳米管（multi-walled carbon nanotube,MWCNTs）吸附材料,结合一款新型的阴离子农药残留专用色谱柱,建立超高效液相色谱-串联质谱（ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry,UPLC-MS/MS）法直接同时测定牛乳中草铵膦及其代谢物3-(甲基膦基)丙酸和N-乙酰基草铵膦。试样经甲醇溶剂提取,MWCNTs净化,高速冷冻离心除脂,Anionic Polar Pesticide色谱柱（2.1 mm×100 mm,5μm）分离,流动相：0.9%甲酸溶液（A）和0.9%甲酸-乙腈溶液（B）,UPLC-MS/MS测定;负离子扫描,多反应监测模式;草铵膦采用内标法定量,2种代谢物采用外标法定量。研究表明,草铵膦及其2种代谢物,在1～50、2～50μg/L和2～50μg/L,R2>0.99,检出限分别为2.5、5.0μg/kg和5.0μg/kg,定量限分别为5.0、10.0μg/kg和10.0μg/kg,回收率范围为79.35%～101.80%,相对标准偏差为1...     

高效液相色谱-三重四极杆串联质谱法研究塑料接触材料中酚类化合物向奶油中的迁移

建立奶油中14 种酚类化合物高效液相色谱-三重四极杆串联质谱的同时测定方法，研究裱花蛋糕塑料接触材料中酚类化合物在真实样品奶油中的迁移情况。塑料样品经奶油浸泡，乙腈-甲醇提取，T3色谱柱分离，以负离子-多反应监测模式进行测定，基质外标法定量；分析双酚A（bisphenol A，BPA）和4-壬基酚（4-nonylphenol，4-NP）在奶油样品中的迁移规律，用于14 种酚类化合物在奶油中迁移量的测定研究。结果表明，14 种酚类化合物的检出限为0.15～0.75 μg/kg，定量限为0.5～2.5 μg/kg，线性关系良好，相关系数均大于0.99；酚类物质在动物和植物奶油中的加标回收率分别为78.2%～117.1%、79.4%～114.6%，相对标准偏差分别为1.07%～12.1%、1.12%～12.5%；塑料接触材料中BPA和4-NP在奶油中的迁移量随着温度的升高和时间的延长逐渐增大。采用本方法对市售塑料蛋糕装饰摆件等在动物奶油中的迁移量等进行测定，迁出化合物BPA和双酚S迁移量最高值分别为4.61、0.94 μg/kg；4-NP迁移量最高值为125.1 μg/kg，检出样品数量最多。酚类化合物迁移到食品中的风险性应引起关注。     

超高效液相色谱-串联质谱法同时测定水果中9种真菌毒素

利用超高效液相色谱-串联质谱法建立水果中9种真菌毒素同时检测的方法。实验对提取溶剂、净化方式及色谱质谱条件进行优化。样品经10 mmol/L柠檬酸-乙腈溶液提取,再加入氯化钠盐析,离心后上清液采用C₁₈吸附剂进行净化处理,以ACQUITY UPLC BEH C₁₈色谱柱分离,采用电喷雾正离子电离,多反应监测模式测定,以空白基质匹配标准溶液外标法定量。结果表明,9种真菌毒素在5 min内完成色谱分离分析,在各自浓度范围内呈良好线性关系（R2>0.999）,方法的检出限（S/N=3）为0.004~1.676 μg/kg,定量限（S/N=10）为0.014~5.587 μg/kg。以桃、樱桃为基质,在低、中、高3个添加浓度水平下,9种真菌毒素的加标回收率在84.5%~113.2%之间,相对标准偏差为0.7%~4.0%（n=6）。将该方法用于分析实际水果样品（草莓、樱桃、葡萄、苹果、梨）中9种真菌毒素的污染状况,结果发现小粒、易腐的樱桃和葡萄中共检出白僵菌素、展青霉素、链格孢菌毒素共计7种毒素,含量在ND（未检出）~12.47 μg/kg之间。所建方法稳定、准确、灵敏、快速,能够满足水果样品中多组分真菌毒素残留分析的需求。     

亲水作用色谱-串联质谱法测定动物源运动食品中3种氨基糖苷类抗生素的残留量

该研究建立了一种亲水交互作用色谱-串联质谱（HILIC-MS/MS）法测定动物源运动食品中潮霉素B、新霉素、安普霉素3种氨基糖苷类抗生素残留量的方法。结果表明，样品经Sielc Obelisc R柱分离，采用0.1%甲酸水溶液-乙腈梯度洗脱，可以实现3种目标物组分的分离。在此条件下，3种氨基糖苷类抗生素在5～500 ng/mL的质量浓度范围内线性关系良好，相关系数R2为0.999 5～0.999 9，检出限均为15 μg/kg，定量限均为50 μg/kg，保留时间的日间和日内相对标准偏差（RSD）分别为3.5%～7.9%和3.5%～4.1%，峰面积的日间和日内RSD分别为3.6%～7.4%和3.2%～3.9%，加标回收率为85.7%～93.6%，回收率试验结果的RSD为3.1%～5.2%。该方法可以满足动物源运动食品中3种氨基糖苷类抗生素的检测需求。     

QuEChERS-UPLC-MS/MS测定果蔬中18 种琥珀酸脱氢酶抑制剂类杀菌剂

建立改进的QuEChERS提取和净化方法，结合超高效液相色谱-串联质谱（ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry，UPLC-MS/MS）法测定果蔬中18 种琥珀酸脱氢酶抑制剂类杀菌剂。样品经乙腈均质提取，无水硫酸镁及醋酸钠脱水盐析，乙二胺-N-丙基硅烷净化，以乙腈-0.1%甲酸溶液为流动相进行梯度洗脱，采用正负离子同时扫描，多反应监测模式，使18 种目标化合物在C18色谱柱上分离，外标法定量。18 种目标化合物在0.5～200 μg/L范围内线性关系良好，相关系数均大于0.99，方法检出限为0.5～2.0 μg/kg，定量限为1.5～6.0 μg/kg。各种目标化合物在4 种基质中3 个添加水平（10、50 μg/kg和150 μg/kg）下的回收率为83.6%～109.4%，相对标准偏差为1.2%～8.4%（n＝6）。该方法操作简单、净化效果好，适用于果蔬中新型琥珀酸脱氢酶抑制剂类杀菌剂的快速检测。