无机非金属材料的马氏体相变(Ⅰ)

本文对无机非金属材料，包括ZrO2、CeO2－ZrO2、Y2O3－ZrO2及其他材料的马氏体相变进行了评述。讨论了含ZrO2陶瓷马氏体相变的尺寸效应，表征了ZrO2陶瓷中所谓t→m等温马氏体相变为贝氏体相变。     

S31608奥氏体不锈钢应变强化诱发马氏体相变实验

研究了S31608奥氏体不锈钢在两种温度、两种应变速率及不同应变量下的奥氏体形变诱发马氏体相变变化。试验研究表明,温度对S31608奥氏体不锈钢形变诱发马氏体相变有重要的影响,在Ms点以下温度形变比在Ms点以上更易诱发马氏体相变;基于温度与应变的协合效应,在Ms点以下,应变量越大马氏体相变量越多;应变速率对在Ms 点以下温度形变诱发马氏体相变无明显影响,但在常温下高应变速率可抑制马氏体相转变。     

热循环对Cu-Zn-Al合金记忆效应的影响

利用相变参数测量、变温金相观察、Ｘ－射线衍射等方法研究了热循环对Ｃｕ－Ｚｎ－Ａｌ合金马氏体相变和双向记忆效应的影响。热循环使合金相变点升高，可逆马氏体量减少，记忆性能衰减，滞后环宽度变窄。在组织结构上，伴随着热循环，合金有序度降低，并出现高度稳定的残留马氏体。使晶粒粗化，提高合金Ａｌ质量分数，适当提高约束加热训练温度均可改善合金抗热循环性能。     

无机非金属材料的马氏体相变（I）

本文对无机非金属材料，包括ＺｒＯ２、ＣｅＯ２－ＺｒＯ２、Ｙ２Ｏ３－ＺｒＯ２及其他材料的马氏体相变进行了评述。讨论了含ＺｒＯ２陶瓷马氏体相变的尺寸效应，表征了ＺｒＯ２陶瓷中所谓ｔ→ｍ等温马氏体相变为贝氏体相变。     

轧制态Ti51Pd30Ni19合金在加热过程中的在位观察

研究了轧制态Ti51Pd30Ni19合金在升温过程中XRD谱及显微组织的变化情况。在低温马氏体状态，XRD谱在40度附近存在两个重叠的峰，随着温度的升高，这两个峰随之消长，对应于合金的相变过程，在升温过程中，马氏体的显微组织发生了重大变化，马氏体的亚结构在相变前变得清晰，在高温下，合金发生了氧化。     

马氏体相变和形状记忆合金

简介热弹性马氏体相变,由应力诱发马氏体相变而出现材料的伪弹性现象,以及随同马氏体相变和逆相变所显示的形状记忆效应.阐明合金具有形状记忆的条件及示例.略述形状记忆的机制。     

高速干硬切削表面白层相变元胞自动机模拟

高速干硬切削已加工表面白层形成过程中伴随着奥氏体相变与马氏体相变,而奥氏体和马氏体微观组织结构决定了已加工表面宏观上的机械性能。为了可视化地描述白层形成过程中奥氏体相变与马氏体相变演化过程,根据TEM暗场照片测得已加工表面白层晶粒尺寸,并通过晶粒尺寸计算得到奥氏体形核数量,同时结合白层形成过程中奥氏体相变与马氏体相变特征定义了元胞自动机演化规则,建立了二维元胞自动机奥氏体相变与马氏体相变组织演化模型。模拟了已加工表面白层形成过程中的奥氏体相变与马氏体相变,得到了不同后刀面磨损量的白层马氏体形核密度。模拟得到的马氏体形核密度变化规律表明,减小后刀面磨损量有助于提高已加工表面白层内马氏体强度,从而提升已加工表面抗疲劳破坏性能。     

不同磨损介质下铜锌铝形状记忆合金滚动磨损性能与磨损机制研究

研究了3种成分铜锌铝形状记忆合金在不同磨损介质下的滚动磨损性能，用扫描电镜对磨损表面进行了观察，分析了不同介质下合金失重机制。结果表明：油润滑条件下，不同相变温度的合金耐磨性有差异，马氏体相合金比β相合金耐磨，其失重机制主要为磨粒磨损；在酸、碱条件下，合金的相变温度对舍金的耐磨性几乎没有影响，原因在于酸、碱破坏了合金磨损表面的组织，使其不能发挥形状记忆合金所具有的应力诱发马氏体相变和马氏体的择优取向的特性，其磨损失重机制主要为粘着磨损和腐蚀磨损。     

马氏体时效钢

马氏体时效钢是六十年代问世的一类新型超高强度钢。它具有高的屈服强度和断裂韧性以及优良的工艺性能。马氏体时效钢不是采用传统的高碳马氏体强化及碳化物强化的机制,而是采用经固溶处理后得到超低碳的Fe-Ni板条马氏体基体,随后的时效处理析出弥散的金属间化合物而使钢强化的机制,故此得名马氏体时效钢。六十年代末期在马氏体时效钢的基础上调整成分,又形成了马氏体不锈钢系列。     

奥氏体晶粒细化的研究

在Gleeble1500热模拟机上以SS400钢为研究对象，用冷加工 回火再结晶和冷加工 a→γ逆相变等工艺，研究了冷变形对马氏体(铁素体)再结晶行为的影响以及奥氏体晶粒细化的方法。结果表明：低温变形对板条马氏体的再结晶行为有一定影响，并且由于低温变形后快速升温的铁素体回复、再结晶与奥氏体(铁素体)相变等相继发生，从而得到比较细小的奥氏体晶粒。     

Minimal Realization of Linear Graph Models for Multi-physics Systems

An engineering system may consist of several different types of components,belonging to such physical"domains"as mechanical,electrical,fluid,and thermal.It is t...     

INTEGRAL EQUATION METHOD＇S APPLICATION IN HOLE-EDGE STRESS OF COMPOSITE MATERIAL PLATE WITH DIFFERENT SHAPED HOLES

The strength of composite plate with different hole-shapes is always one of the most important but complicated issues in the application of the composite material. The holes will lead to mutations and discontinuity to the structure. So the hole-edge stress concentration is always a serious phenomenon. And the phenomenon makes the structure strength decrease very quickly to form dangerous weak points. Most partial damage begins from these weak points. According to the complex variable functions theory, the accurate boundary condition of composite plate with different hole-shapes is founded by conformal mapping method to settle the boundary condition problem of complex hole-shapes. Composite plate with commonly hole-shapes in engineering is studied by several complex variable stress fimction. The boundary integral equations are founded based on exact boundary conditions. Then the exact hole-edge stress analytic solution of composite plate with rectangle holes and wing manholes is resolved. Both of offset axis loadings and its influences on the stress concentration coefficient of the hole-edge are discussed. And comparisons of different loads along various offset axis on the hole-edge stress distribution of orthotropic plate with rectangle hole or wing manhole are made. It can be concluded that hole-edge with continuous variable curvatures might help to decrease the stress concentration coefficient; and smaller angle of outer load and fiber can decrease the stress peak value.     

Non-monotonic material contrast in scanning ion and scanning electron images

30 keV Ga⁺ focused ion beam induced secondary electron (iSE) imaging was used to determine the relative contrast between several materials. The iSE signal compared from C, Si, Al, Ti, Cr, Ni, Cu, Mo, Ag, and W metal layers does not decrease with an increase in target atomic number Z₂, and shows a non-monotonic relationship between contrast and Z₂. The non-monotonic relationship is attributed to periodic fluctuations of the stopping power and sputter yield inherent to the ion–solid interactions. In addition, material contrast from electron-induced secondary electron (eSE) and backscattered electron (BSE) images using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) also shows non-monotonic contrast as a function of Z₂, following the periodic behavior of the stopping power for electron–solid interactions. A comparison of the iSE and eSE results shows similar relative contrast between the metal layers, and not complementary contrast as conventionally understood. These similarities in the contrast behavior can be attributed to similarities in the periodic and non-monotonic function defined by incident particle–solid interaction theory.     

Application of Feature Extraction through Convolution Neural Networks and SVM Classifier for Robust Grading of Apples

This paper proposes a novel grading method of apples,in an automated grading device that uses convolutional neural networks to extract the size,color,texture,an...     

分布动态载荷识别的抗噪处理

针对正交多项式频域法在用多种响应对矩形薄板进行载荷识别中抗噪性较差的问题,综合运用平均法、矩阵预处理和奇异值截断法等方法对之进行改善,并引入空间映射的思想,将该方法的应用范围拓展为复杂的模型.利用仿真算例,证实了该方法具有较好的抗噪性.     

基于MELTAC-N平台的核电厂安全级DCS环网研究与测试

针对工程实践中环网通讯相关问题的处理缺乏理论基础及国产化安全级DCS平台的开发缺乏成熟经验借鉴问题,对基于MELTAC-N平台核电厂安全级DCS环网的软硬件实现进行了研究。提出了安全级DCS环网双环网冗余设计、光切换开关设计等硬件设计方法,以及以RPR协议为基础,采用全数据收发策略的软件设计方法。在CPR1000安全级DCS平台上对安全级DCS环网的可靠性及实时性进行了评价,并进行了容错能力、响应时间及响应时间稳定性测试验证实验。结果表明,基于MELTAC-N平台安全级DCS环网软硬件设计具有较好的容错能力及响应时间稳定性。     

Short-Term Relay Quality Prediction Algorithm Based on Long and Short-Term Memory

The fraction defective of semi-finished products is predicted to optimize the process of relay production lines, by which production quality and productivity ar...     

End-to-End Multiview Gesture Recognition for Autonomous Car Parking System

The use of hand gestures can be the most intuitive human-machine interaction medium.The early approaches for hand gesture recognition used device-based methods....     

The laboratory simulation of abrasive wear

Abrasive wear has long been recognised as one of the most potentially serious tribological problems facing the operators of many types of plant and machinery; several industrial surveys have indicated that wear by abrasion can be responsible for more than 50% of unscheduled machine and plant stoppages. Locating the operating point of a tribological contact in an appropriate operational ‚map’︁ can provide a useful guide to the likely nature and origins of the surface degradation experienced in use, though care must be exercised in choosing the most suitable parameters for the axes of the plot. Laboratory testing of materials and simulations of machine contacts are carried out for a number of purposes; at one level for the very practical aims of ranking candidate materials or surface hardening treatments in order of their wear resistance, or in an attempt to predict wear lives under field conditions. More fundamentally, tests may be aimed at elucidating the essential physical mechanisms of surface damage and loss, with the longer term aim of building an analytical and predictive model of the wear process itself. In many cases, component surface damage is brought about by the ingress of hard, particulate matter into machine bearing or sealing clearances. These may be running dry although, more usually, a lubricant or service fluid is present at the interface. A number of standardised wear test geometries and procedures have been established for both two- and three-body wear situations, and these are briefly described. Although abrasive wear is often modelled as following an ‚Archard’︁ equation (i.e. a linear increase in material loss with both load and time, and an inverse dependence on specimen hardness) both industrial experience and laboratory tests of particularly lubricated contacts show that this is not always the case: increasing the hardness differential in an abrasively contaminated lubricated pair may not always reduce the rate of damage to the harder surface.     

ANGULAR DISTORTION ALLOWABLE VALUE AND ASSESS METHOD OF WELD ON COKE TOWER

A graph as the new engineering method for estimate the safety of bulging deformation of coke tower is proposed. Through stresses analysis of circumferential weld of coke tower and comparing the stresses produced by pressure with heat stress of steady state, residual stress, bending stress produced by both itself weight and wind loads, it showed that the stresses produced by pressure on the angle distortion are the main factor of equivalent stress of the combined stress. After comparing four kinds of stress controlling conditions, the relation to stress with depth of angular distortion, grade of curvature of angular distortion and half of region of angular distortion has been inferred. Graph of deformation allowable value of coke tower for different condition by angular distortion and half of region of angular distortion has been plotted. The five steps for its engineering use have been explained. The lighter the grade of curvature is, the larger of bulge allowance, may be, and the bigger of depth of angular distortion may pose too. For the coke tower with a popular structure of Dg 5 400 mm×28 mm, the result by graph is nearly more than the result of two formulas formed by other research, the error is less than 7.0%. But, the graph can be easily applied to different size of angular distortion.