浅谈过氧化物助浸氰化提金

浅谈过氧化物助浸氰化提金陈卫（河南三门峡黄金工业学校）目前，从矿石中提取金的方法大多数采用碱性氰化物溶液浸出工艺。这是由于该工艺简单，金回收率高，可以就地产金。当浸出矿浆中具有适宜的氰化物浓度和氧化剂时（如空气和氧），金的氰化过程便可进行。但在这种氧...     

某金矿石的过氧化物强化氰化浸出试验研究

针对内蒙某氧化金矿石的特性,研究了以过氧化氢和过氧化钙作氧化剂的强化氰化浸金,介绍了过氧化物在氰化浸金过程中的作用机制.与常规氰化浸出相比,过氧化物在适宜条件下可加速浸金速度,显著提高金浸出率.     

某金矿石的改性石硫合剂法浸金研究

某金矿石中矿物可磨性差异大,部分矿物细磨易泥化,矿石中的斜方钙沸石吸附性强,氰化金浸出率低。对该金矿采用改性石硫合剂法搅拌浸金研究,考察了磨矿细度、矿浆pH值、改性石硫合剂用量、浸出时间、氧化剂种类和用量对金浸出的影响。当矿浆液固比为2∶1、磨矿细度为 -45 μm占55%、矿浆pH值为11.0、浸出时间为6 h、改性石硫合剂用量为8 kg/t及H2O2投加量为3.33 kg/t时,金的浸出率为89.81%,比氰化浸出提高了16.35%。H2O2释放的溶解氧能促进石硫合剂中有效浸金成分与金的反应,H2O2还能氧化载金黄铁矿,促进金的浸出。     

富氧浸出机理及其在氰化提金中的应用

简述了金氰化学反应和氧在金氰化浸出中的重要作用，论述了富氧浸金机理及其在氰化提金中的应用。研究资料表明，利用富氧浸出，可提高金溶解速度和显著提高金浸出率，并能增加浸出设备的生产能力。由于缩短浸出时间，从而降低氰化物单耗量。     

外加电场氰化浸出金精矿的试验研究与实践

依据对氰化浸出矿浆的电化学分析，对氰化浸金进行了外加电场助浸实验。试验结果表明：外加电场有且轩金在氰化矿浆中的浸出，能够提高金铁浸出率。     

高硫高砷金精矿细菌氧化-氰化浸金试验研究

采用细菌氧化-氰化浸金工艺处理高砷高硫金精矿，研究了不同矿石细度、矿浆浓度、细菌接种量、氧化温度、氧化时间和矿石硫、铁、砷的脱除率对金浸出率的影响。结果表明，在矿浆浓度为10％，氧化温度为32℃，氧化时间10d条件下，金浸出率可达85．1％；矿石中铁、硫、砷的脱除率分别为70．5％，58．7％和41．1％时，金的浸出率高达87．7％。该工艺与常规直接全泥氰化浸出相比，金的浸出率明显提高。     

某金矿石的石硫加碱催化合剂法浸金研究

某金矿石Au的品位为2.54 g·t-1,矿石以氧化矿为主,矿石中金嵌布粒度极细,与脉石互相包裹,难以解离,属于难浸类金矿石。石硫加碱催化合剂是一种混合型浸金药剂,它是以石硫合剂为基本组分,加入了稳定剂(亚硫酸钠等)与抗硫系(如S,As等)干扰剂(铜氨络离子)等,使用起来比石硫合剂方便。对矿石进行了石硫加碱催化合剂法搅拌浸金研究,考察了磨矿细度、氧化剂种类、H2O2浓度、矿浆pH、搅拌时间对金浸出率的影响。相比KMnO4,CaO2等氧化剂相比,H2O2具有浸金率高,工业生产操作方便等优点。确定最优实验条件为:液固比为2.0,磨矿细度-74μm占91%,所用氧化剂为H2O2,浓度为0.02 mol·L-1,pH值为12～13,搅拌时间为3.5～4.0 h,此条件下金浸出率可达72.6%。浮选法及氰化浸金法中金的回收率分别为70.5%和68.1%。与浮选法、氰化浸金方法比较,此方法具有药剂廉价易得、工艺简单、环保等优点,可望成为黄金提取的主要方法之一。     

富氧浸出提金实践

氰化浸论研究表明[CN^-]／[O2]=6时，金溶解速度最快，用变压吸附制氧法生产富氧气体充入浸出系统实施富氧浸出，可使该比值自23以上趋近于6，从而提高生的溶解速度。东坪金矿采用富氧浸出工艺后该比值达到10～8，浸出设备的处理能力由350t提高到640t，同时回收率有所提高，氰化钠单耗下降。     

高锰酸钾在堆浸提金工艺中的作用

介绍了氰化溶金中氧的作用机理；堆浸提金工艺中氧化剂的选择及应用原理。通过对实践指标进行分析，得出了加入适当的氧化剂、增加氧的量是堆浸提金工艺中提高浸出率、加快浸出速度的有效方法     

论三台山金矿提金工艺

三台山金矿矿三为石英脉型中疏含砷金矿，原采用浮选-金精矿全泥氰化浸出液电解提金工艺。该工艺不够完善，对浮选富集的能给金的浸出和电解带来困难的有害元素和化合物未采取有效措施，金的回收率低。后改用原矿全泥炭浸法，解吸液电解提金。该工艺从原矿全泥矿浆中浸吸金，相对减弱了有害元素和化合物对金浸出和吸附的影响，能有效地从石英脉型中疏含砷金矿中回收微细粒金。     

锰银矿同步浸出锰、银新工艺试验研究

介绍了在H2O2体系中处理锰银矿新方法。针对矿石中锰和银的赋存形式,采用在硫酸溶液中加入H2O2可以实现二氧化锰还原和银氧化同时进行。为了进一步提高银的浸出率,在溶液中加入高锰酸钾,以浸出未被二氧化锰包裹的银。研究结果表明,在最佳浸出条件下,锰浸出率可达到96．71％,银浸出率达85．1％。     

Recent Applications of Peroxygen Reagents in Hydrometallurgy

The paper reviews development made over the past decade in the application of peroxygnn reagents in hydrometallurgical processes. The reagents are hydrogen peroxide, H₂0₂, Caro’s acid, H_2MS0₅, and calcium peroxide, CaO₂. Their chemical properties and methods for on-site storage or production are outlined.

Most progress has been made in the gold extraction industry, where hydrogen peroxide and calcium peroxide have been used to enhance oxygen availability in the cyanide leaching of gold ores, in both agitated and heap leach systems. Properly controlled, the use of these reagents can lead to increased rates of gold extraction and savings in cyanide consumption. Hydrogen peroxide is also widely applied for the oxidative destruction of cyanide in gold mill effluent solutions and tailings ponds. Caro’s acid can also be used for this purpose, with advantage in certain situations, which arc discussed. Caro’s acid has found industrial application in the leaching of uranium ores in Australia at the Nabarlek mine and this operation is described. Other applications discussed include the separation of cobalt from nickel by oxidative hydrolysis with Caro’s acid and the reclamation and recycle of tungsten using hydrogen peroxide.     

氰化浸金优化工艺参数的试验研究

本文研究的金精矿中耗氰耗氧的矿物含量较高，有３０．７４％的细粒金赋存于黄铁矿内．试验研究结果显示，金的浸取不仅取决于超细磨矿，还必须经过强碱浸预处理，以改变硫化矿的基质，并使矿浆中总氰与铜的摩尔比高于３：１，才能实现降低氰耗及获取较高的金浸出率。     

Towards industrial implementation of glycine-based leach and adsorption technologies for gold-copper ores

The technology to selectively leach gold, silver and base metals from ores, concentrates, and wastes, using an alkaline glycine solution, has initiated significant interest in using the new technology in various environments such as in situ, in-place, dump, heap, and vat and agitated tank leaching. It has been shown that glycine acts synergistically with a number of other lixiviants to lower the net consumption of the other lixiviants while allowing low-cost glycine solution recovery. Glycine is a non-toxic, stable, environmentally benign reagent that is available in bulk industrial quantities. It has the ability to dissolve most copper oxide and sulphide minerals, as well as native copper, whilst not interacting with acid-consuming gangue nor dissolving iron and various or ubiquitous gangue elements. It acts synergistically with small amounts of cyanide to leach gold-copper ores at leach rates higher than either glycine or cyanide on their own, while significantly reducing cyanide consumption and eliminating detoxification requirements. The leaching behaviour of various glycine-based systems will be reviewed, followed by the evaluation of the adsorption of gold onto activated carbon. Where the economics merit it, copper can be easily recovered using solvent extraction or sulphide precipitation.     

环保药剂浸出多金属硫金矿及伴生元素在浸出过程的行为

目前,我国开发的替代氰化钠的新型低毒药剂主要用于氧化型低品位金矿石的处理,未见有相关用于多金属硫金矿浸出的报道。以多金属硫金矿为研究对象,主要考察了助浸剂量、矿浆浓度、药剂用量、球磨时间、浸出时间以及Na2CO3/NH4HCO3配比对其中金、银及伴生金属元素浸出效果的影响。在环保药剂加入量50 kg/t、矿浆浓度40%、Na2CO3和NH4HCO3质量6 kg/t（质量比1︰1）、室温下浸出12 h,金和银浸出率高达97.71%和67.49%,与氰化法相当,铜和铅的浸出率小于20%,基本留在浸出渣中,但锑的浸出率高达90%左右,因此应适当控制原料中锑含量。用环保药剂浸出多金属硫金矿,不需改变原有的氰化工艺流程和设备,但药剂耗量较大。因此,降低药剂消耗是未来的重点研究方向。     

The dissolution of gold in acidic solutions of thiourea

In order to evaluate the potential of acidic thiourea as a reagent for leaching gold, a study was made of the dissolution of gold in acidic solutions of thiourea containing various oxidants. Experiments were conducted on rotating disks of pure gold and on ground gold ores. The chemical oxidants used included iron(III), hydrogen peroxide, oxygen and formamidine disulphide; the latter reagent was formed in situ by the action of both hydrogen peroxide and dissolved oxygen on thiourea. Gold was observed to dissolve in these solutions at rates which approached the limiting diffusion controlled rate. Iron(III) as the oxidant caused the most rapid initial rate of dissolution of gold, but this rate soon decreased because of the reaction between iron(III) and thiourea; this resulted in the consumption of an excessive amount of thiourea which made the use of iron(III) as the oxidant unattractive in any ore leaching system based upon the use of thiourea as leaching agent.The results observed in the rotating disk study were applied to the leaching of crushed ores. A large proportion of the oxidant necessary for the extraction of the gold was derived from the ore itself; the remainder of the oxidant required could be supplied as hydrogen peroxide during preparation of the leach liquor, and by agitation of the slurry by a flow of air. When solutions containing 1.2 M thiourea were used it was possible to extract the gold from an ore within one hour; under these conditions the consumption of thiourea was about 1.4 kg thiourea per ton of ore treated. This figure could be reduced to 0.4 kg thiourea/ton if 0.1 M thiourea was used; complete extraction of the gold then occurred within eight hours.Gold can be leached at a much greater rate by acidic solutions of thiourea than is possible by conventional cyanidation techniques. However on economic grounds the latter technique must be preferred unless a really rapid rate of dissolution of gold is required.     

高碳酸盐型铀矿床微酸中性地浸采铀试验

某砂岩铀矿碳酸盐含量高,为避免常规酸法或碱法地浸的化学堵塞,开展了微酸中性地浸试验。以0.3g/L的硫酸溶液为溶浸剂,双氧水、氧气为氧化剂。浸出体系pH控制在6.1~6.7避免了碳酸钙沉淀;Ca~(2+)、SO_4~(2-)分别不超过900mg/L和2 100mg/L,硫酸钙沉淀得到有效控制。酸液与矿石碳酸盐反应可获得400~450mg/L的HCO_3~-作为浸铀剂,在双氧水氧化条件下可使浸出铀浓度达到24~31mg/L,改用300~350mg/L的氧气则使铀浓度进一步升高到48~62mg/L。与常规酸法和碱法工艺相比,微酸中性工艺更有利于在浸铀的同时对硫酸钙和碳酸钙沉淀进行有效控制。     

青海某难选半氧化金矿选矿试验研究

为了提高青海某难选半氧化金矿的选矿回收率,在原矿工艺矿物学研究的基础上,开展了原矿浸出、浮选和浮选尾矿CIL浸出试验,并进行了环保提金剂和NaCN浸出对比试验研究。结果表明,在磨矿细度（-74 μm含量）为91.81%条件下,分别采用1#、2#环保提金剂和NaCN堤金,金的浸出率分别为80.07%、79.71%和80.80%;在磨矿细度（-74 μm含量）为83.64%条件下,采用浮选和浮选尾矿CIL浸出,获得浮选金精矿品位为125.94×10-6,浮选回收率为73.72%,浮选尾矿采用1#、2#环保提金剂和NaCN,选矿总回收率分别达到92.67%、93.62%和94.99%。     

细菌氧化—硫脲浸金试验研究

对细菌氧化后矿浆进行了硫脲提金试验研究,研究结果表明,细菌氧化后采用硫脲浸金—树脂吸附提金,可以获得９３ ．８１ ％ 的选矿回收率,具有深入研究和推广应用价值。