显示及鉴别钢中非金属夹杂物的新方法

钢中非金属夹杂物,严重地影响钢的质量。因此,研究钢中非金属夹杂物,对控制产品质量是很重要的。而显示鉴别钢中非金属夹杂物又是研究钢中非金属夹杂物的前提。为此我们进行了(1)用电解抛光法显示钢中非金属夹杂物;(2)用硫化物薄膜沉淀法及硝酸银溶液处理法鉴别钢中硫化物夹杂的试验。     

CeF3对自保护药芯焊丝熔敷金属中夹杂物和韧性的影响

详细研究了CeF3对自保护药芯焊丝熔敷金属中非金属夹杂物尺寸和分布的影响.结果表明,熔敷金属中的主要非金属夹杂物是AlN和Al2O3.药芯中加入CeF3能够细化夹杂物和降低大尺寸夹杂物的数量,加入适量的CeF3能够提高熔敷金属的低温冲击韧度.稀土改变夹杂物在熔敷金属中的尺寸和分布主要是与夹杂物在熔敷金属凝固时的上浮行为有关,稀土能促进大颗粒夹杂物的上浮.     

82B盘条钢拉拔过程中显微组织及夹杂物的演变

将直径为12．5mm的82B盘条进行了9道次的拉拔实验,采用扫描电镜观察了不同应变量拉拔变形后82B盘条显微组织和夹杂物的演变情况,并研究了珠光体片层间距与拉拔应变量之间的关系。结果表明：82B钢显微组织中的珠光体片层间距随着应变量增大而逐渐减小;拉拔变形后的珠光体片层强烈扭曲,渗碳体片随着铁素体片的弯曲而变形,表现出良好的塑性变形能力;由于中心偏析形成的马氏体的塑性变形能力较差,在拉拔过程中发生碎化并最终与基体脱离;直径约为10μm的脆性夹杂物在拉拔过程中只是自身发生碎化,并未在夹杂物周围引起裂纹。     

铸件缺陷分析技术讲座：第八讲 渣致铸铁件缺陷

渣致缺陷(slag-related defects)发生于灰铸铁、可锻铸铁、球墨铸铁和铸钢件中。当熔炼、出炉和浇注时,渣子伴随金属液进入铸件,渣子也可能在浇注系统和型腔中产生。因渣子的存在而导致铸件出现的各类缺陷称为渣致缺陷。 按缺陷特征分类,渣子属于铸件中非金属夹杂物的一种。在《国际铸件缺陷图谱》中,第7类缺陷(夹杂物和金相组织不合格类)中非金属夹杂物包括除砂眼、涂料(层)及光亮碳以外的各类渣子缺陷。     

非金属夹杂物对AlSn20内燃机轴瓦疲劳磨损强度影响的研究

本文提出了在轴瓦材料熔铸过程中使用不同的精炼剂,会影响轴瓦中非金属夹杂物的含量,而非金属夹杂物的存在影响轴瓦的疲劳寿命.试验结果表明使用Zncl(?)精炼剂较之其他种类精炼剂,可使轴瓦中非金属夹杂物对轴瓦的疲劳寿命影响较小.图7表3参4     

高碳盘条中夹杂物的提取与分析

在钢材冶炼过程中,夹杂物会出现于冶炼的各个阶段,并容易造成盘条在拉拔过程中的断丝。本文采用非水溶液电解法提取了高碳盘条中的非金属夹杂物,观察了其三维形貌,并利用扫描电镜和能谱仪分析了夹杂物的几何形态、化学成分及尺寸分布。     

铸件缺陷分析技术讲座：第九讲 夹杂类缺陷

夹杂类缺陷是铸件含有各种金属和非金属夹杂物的总称。非金属夹杂物是存在于铸件中的非金属相,金属夹杂物则是与基体金属颜色显然不同的异型金属块。夹杂物的存在,破坏了合金基体的连续性,造成合金组织不均匀、影响了合金的力学性能和铸造性能等,为提高铸件质量,近年来对减少夹杂物数量的各种途径进行了研究并取得了显著进展。     

高强度大直径SWRS82B盘条大气腐蚀的实验研究

SWRS82B盘条是生产高强度低松弛预应力钢丝、钢绞线的重要原料,且大都在大气环境下使用,易受腐蚀。本文采用化学纯试剂配置3.5%NaCl溶液、2%H2SO4溶液以及3.5%NaCl,PH=4溶液在25℃和50℃加速模拟大气腐蚀实验。结果表明:同一种腐蚀溶液,随着温度的升高SWRS82B盘条钢的腐蚀速度增大。在三种腐蚀介质中,随着酸性增强SWRS82B盘条钢的腐蚀速度也随之增大。     

钛含量与冷却速率对球墨铸铁中含钛夹杂物的影响

研究了钛含量和冷却速率对球墨铸铁中含钛夹杂物形貌、平均尺寸与分布的影响。结果表明:在3℃·s-1的冷却速率下,当钛的质量分数由0.005%增加至0.025%时,夹杂物的平均尺寸由2.14μm增加到3.04μm;钛的质量分数为0.015%时,当冷却速率由1℃·s-1增大至6℃·s-1后,夹杂物平均尺寸由4μm减小到1.5μm;钛能够与稀土、钡、镁等元素形成夹杂物,而且钛含量越低、冷却速率越大,越容易形成单相夹杂物;这些夹杂物大部分呈块状,棱角清晰,少量呈球状,多数尺寸在1.5～7μm,分布在珠光体、铁素体及晶界处。     

钢中常见非金属夹杂物的生成及金相鉴定

减少钢中非金属夹杂物(沾污物)以提高钢的纯洁度是冶金工作者的重要任务之一。仅占万分之几的夹杂物却对钢质影响极大,它导致机械性能明显下降。为此,研究钢中非金属夹杂物的产生机理、金相法鉴定以及清除办法具有重要意义。     

SWRH82B盘条控冷过程有限元模拟与参数优化

就已有的实验数据,针对SWRH82B盘条在控制冷却过程中温度场的变化情况,利用ANSYS有限元分析软件建立合理的有限元模型并进行了分析,获得不同规格SWRH82B盘条在最佳轧制工艺参数条件下的节点温降曲线和瞬态温度场分布,同时对有限元模型规格的更改,可以推衍出不同规格的82B盘条最佳轧制控冷工艺参数,为实际生产提供理论基础和工程参考。     

Zn含量对Mg-9Al镁合金显微组织的影响

通过光学显微镜、扫描电镜和万能力学试验机等设备研究了Zn含量对镁合金铸态和半固态显微组织变化的影响。研究表明,随着Zn含量的增加,合金的铸态显微组织得到了细化,合金的半固态组织的晶粒明显细小、圆整。当等温热处理温度为570℃、保温时间为30min时,半固态显微组织最好,其中,Mg-9Al-1Zn合金的颗粒尺寸为74μm,Mg-9Al-3Zn合金的颗粒尺寸为68μm,Mg-9Al-5Zn合金的颗粒尺寸为57μm。     

硬线盘条钢拉拔脆断的原因分析

硬线盘条钢是生产高强度、低松弛预应力钢丝、钢绞线的重要原料。本文利用金相显微镜、扫描电子显微镜、电子拉伸试验机对盘条显微组织、夹杂物及力学性能进行了研究。结果表明盘条的力学性能随着珠光体增加和珠光体的片层间距的细化不断提高,盘条钢拉拔脆断的原因是钢中存在的夹杂物含量超标。     

高碳热轧盘条中的带状组织及其对拉丝变形行为的影响

采用光学显微镜和扫描电镜观察了SWRH77B高碳盘条中带状组织的形貌,并观察了带状组织在拉丝冷变形过程中的行为。结果表明：高碳盘条中的带状组织为马氏体。粗大的带状组织将直接导致拉丝断裂;稍小一点的带状组织不会引起拉丝断裂,但在钢丝内部存在着明显的非稳态扩展裂纹,是不安全的;细小的带状组织不会引起拉丝断裂,最终将以断续的点状形态存在于成品钢丝中,但对其安全性存在重大隐患。     

Mechanics of Deformation under Traction and Friction of a Micrometric Monolithic MoS2 Particle in Comparison with those of an Agglomerate of Nanometric MoS2 Particles

Tribology of small inorganic nanoparticles in suspension in a liquid lubricant is often impaired because these particles agglomerate even when organic dispersants are used. In this paper we use lateral force microscopy to study the deformation mechanism and dissipation under traction of two extreme configurations (1) a large MoS₂ particle (~20 μm width) of about 1 μm height and (2) an agglomerate (~20 μm width), constituting 50 nm MoS₂ crystallites, of about 1 μm height. The agglomerate records a friction coefficient which is about 5–7 times that of monolithic particle. The paper examines the mechanisms of material removal for both the particles using continuum modeling and microscopy and infers that while the agglomerate response to traction can be accounted for by the bulk mechanical properties of the material, intralayer and interlayer basal planar slips determine the friction and wear of monolithic particles. The results provide a rationale for selection of layered particles, for suspension in liquid lubricants.     

超短接触旋流反应器分离腔气固分离特性的数值模拟

采用欧拉模型对超短接触旋流反应器内的气固两相流场进行了数值模拟,主要研究了分离腔内气固两相的分离过程。具体考察了导叶下部柱段与锥段分离空间以及排剂口附近固相体积分数的分布情况,评估气固两相在分离腔不同部位的分离效果,重点对比分析了固相粒径差异对流动情况以及颗粒聚集的影响规律。计算结果表明:5μm颗粒在分离腔的浓度分布规律不同于10μm和30μm颗粒,由于颗粒粒径较小易被气流携带,在分离空间以及排剂口都出现了不同程度的返混,对分离不利。     

Imaging with neutral atoms—a new matter-wave microscope

Matter‐wave microscopy can be dated back to 1932 when Max Knoll and Ernst Ruska published the first image obtained with a beam of focussed electrons. In this paper a new step in the development of matter‐wave microscopy is presented. We have created an instrument where a focussed beam of neutral, ground‐state atoms (helium) is used to image a sample. We present the first 2D images obtained using this new technique. The imaged sample is a free‐standing hexagonal copper grating (with a period of about 36 μm and rod thickness of about 8 μm). The images were obtained in transmission mode by scanning the focussed beam, which had a minimum spot size of about 2.0 μm in diameter (full width at half maximum) across the sample. The smallest focus achieved was 1.9 ± 0.1 μm. The resolution for this experiment was limited by the speed ratio of the atomic beam through the chromatic aberrations of the zone plate that was used to focus. Ultimately the theoretical resolution limit is set by the wavelength of the probing particle. In praxis, the resolution is limited by the source and the focussing optics.     

Fabrication of micro rods by twin-mirroring-wire tangential feed micro electrical discharge grinding

In micro electrical discharge machining (micro-EDM), the precision fabrication of cylindrical micro rods is difficult to achieve with a high processing efficiency. In order to overcome this challenge, this paper proposes a new processing method, which is denoted as twin-mirroring-wire tangential feed micro electrical discharge grinding (TMTF-WEDG). The machining principle, characteristics, and realization of the new method are firstly introduced. Then, the advantages of TMTF-WEDG in terms of machining efficiency and accuracy are demonstrated. The experimental results have shown that the machining efficiency can be increased to more than 70% in comparison with conventional tangential-feed wire electrical discharge grinding. It has also been proved that a minimum removal of material corresponding to a reduction of less than 1 μm in the diameter of a micro rod can be obtained by TMTF-WEDG. This considerably helps in improving the accuracy and repeatability of the machining process. A deviation of less than 1 μm on the diameter of a micro rod has been obtained in a length range of 800 μm. The process repeatability in machining five micro rods has been established to be below 2 μm. The proposed method is therefore of great significance for improving the machining efficiency and ensuring a high precision in the shaping process of cylindrical micro rods.