共查询到19条相似文献,搜索用时 46 毫秒
1.
2.
超临界流体干燥技术制备纳米二氧化锰 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
采用溶胶法和超临界流体干燥技术,在533K,7.6MPa的条件下,用超临界乙醇作为干燥剂制备纳米级二氧化锰,采用X射线衍射,透射电镜确定了二氧化锰粒子的行貌和粒径,结果表明,用超临界流体干燥技术可以得到颗粒细,大小均匀,抗团聚非常好的纳米粒子。 相似文献
3.
炭气凝胶因其优异的隔热性能和耐高温性能,成为热保护系统中的最具潜力的高温隔热材料之一。然而,由于现有炭气凝胶制备工艺复杂、周期过长等因素,限制了其工业化制备及其应用。论文采用一锅法制备酚醛气凝胶、经炭化制得炭气凝胶,与传统法制备的炭气凝胶进行了对比,表征了炭气凝胶的孔结构、微观形貌,考察了固含量对炭气凝胶密度、收缩率的影响及热导率随密度及温度的变化。结果表明,随着固含量的增加,密度逐渐增大,而收缩率基本维持在22%左右,不随固含量的变化而变化,固含量从16%增加到46%时,炭气凝胶的密度从0.15 g/cm3增加到0.58 g/cm3,其中,密度为0.15 g/cm3的炭气凝胶室温下热导率低至0.074 W/(m·K),随着温度升高热导率逐渐增大,1 800℃高温下热导率为0.620 W/(m·K)。一锅法有望成为一种快速、批量、低成本制备炭气凝胶的新技术路径。 相似文献
4.
应用超临界流体干燥技术制备气凝胶的研究进展 总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5
超临界流体干燥技术广泛应用于气凝胶的制备中,是制备具有高比表面积、低堆积密度及大孔体积气凝胶的重要途径之一。综述了超临界流体干燥技术原理、历史背景及其研究现状,并对超临界流体干燥技术中的工艺条件进行了简要评述。 相似文献
5.
以硝酸钙、氯化锶、磷酸氢二氨等无机盐为原料,采用溶胶-凝胶结合超临界流体干燥法,制备了羟基磷灰石(HAP)纳米微粒、钙被半取代的掺锶羟基磷灰石(SrCaHAP)纳米微粒以及钙被全取代的掺锶羟基磷灰石(SrHAP)纳米微粒.通过元素含量分析、TEM、XRD、FT-IR等手段,对这些纳米微粒的结构进行了分析;探讨了锶的掺入对羟基磷灰石(HAP)的结构、晶形以及结晶度的影响.结果表明:采用溶胶-凝胶结合超临界CO2干燥法,在给定的反应条件下按Sr/[Sr Ca]原子比为0、0.5、1,锶可以按化学计量比掺入到HAP的分子结构中,可分别制备纯度较高、晶型结构较好的HAP、SrCaHAP和SrHAP纳米微粒.HAP掺入锶元素后,不仅降低SrCaHAP和SrHAP 中OH(,PO3(主要官能团的红外光谱吸收峰的振动频率,还改变了纳米微粒的晶形,从短棒状的HAP改变为针状的SrCaHAP,再改变为短棒状的SrHAP.HAP中钙被锶半取代后形成SrCaHAP,微粒结晶度降低,生物学性能改善;当钙被锶完全取代后形成不含钙的SrHAP,微粒结晶度增加,生物学性能变差. 相似文献
6.
7.
8.
超临界流体干燥技术制备NiO-SiO2二元纳米材料及其结构特征 总被引:4,自引:1,他引:4
简要介绍了超临界流体干燥技术的发展及其基本原理, 着重阐述了采用溶胶-凝胶(sol-gel)法和超临界流体干燥技术制得的NiO-SiO2二元纳米材料的组成对其结构的影响规律.用比表面与孔隙度分析仪、TEM等分析手段研究了这种复合材料的结构特性.结果发现在NiO-SiO2二元纳米材料中, 随着NiO含量的不断提高, 二元纳米材料的比表面积和孔体积不断减小, 而堆密度和孔尺寸不断变大, 同时显微形貌由纤维放射状、束状变为椭圆状并逐渐过渡到颗粒更大的圆球状. 相似文献
9.
10.
以间苯二酚/甲醛为反应物,采用常压干燥工艺制备了高电导率的炭气凝胶,并用XRD和四探针电导率测试仪对其进行了表征。结果表明:炭气凝胶具有典型的非晶态结构,且其结构中存在特殊的半石墨相微晶;凝胶陈化时间、催化剂种类和溶胶pH值对炭气凝胶电导率影响不大;炭气凝胶的电导率随催化剂摩尔比、溶质固含量、炭化终温和升温速率的增大而升高。以Na2CO3为催化剂,催化剂摩尔比为500、溶质固含量为60%,5℃/min升温至1050℃炭化制备的炭气凝胶电导率高达98.0S/cm。 相似文献
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
A DRYING HEAT PUMP USING CARBON DIOXIDE AS WORKING FLUID 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
The application of carbon dioxide as working fluid in refrigeration and heat pump systems is regaining increasingly importance in view of the chlorofluorocarbon (CFC) substitution problem. It is both under ecological and economical aspects an attractive alternative to the hydrofluorocarbon (HFC) working fluids being in practical use. The thermophysical properties and characteristics of carbon dioxide are quite different from those of refrigerants used in conventional vapour compression cycles. Its application in conventional vapour compression refrigerating systems is limited by its critical parameters (tc = 31.1°C and pc = 73.8 bar). The possibility to use carbon dioxide also beyond these limits in high temperature processes, e.g., heat pumps, is given by the application of a trans-critical process. The design and construction of a commercial drying heat pump system (batch type cabinet dryer with 12 kW heating capacity and closed air circuit) using the natural working fluid carbon dioxide is shown and experimental results of investigations carried out are presented. Possible energy savings calculated theoretically are given for comparison. 相似文献
16.
17.
《Drying Technology》2013,31(8):1659-1671
ABSTRACT The application of carbon dioxide as working fluid in refrigeration and heat pump systems is regaining increasingly importance in view of the chlorofluorocarbon (CFC) substitution problem. It is both under ecological and economical aspects an attractive alternative to the hydrofluorocarbon (HFC) working fluids being in practical use. The thermophysical properties and characteristics of carbon dioxide are quite different from those of refrigerants used in conventional vapour compression cycles. Its application in conventional vapour compression refrigerating systems is limited by its critical parameters (t c = 31.1°C and p c = 73.8 bar). The possibility to use carbon dioxide also beyond these limits in high temperature processes, e.g., heat pumps, is given by the application of a trans-critical process. The design and construction of a commercial drying heat pump system (batch type cabinet dryer with 12 kW heating capacity and closed air circuit) using the natural working fluid carbon dioxide is shown and experimental results of investigations carried out are presented. Possible energy savings calculated theoretically are given for comparison. 相似文献
18.
19.
将聚碳酸亚乙酯(PEC)与有机蒙脱土(OMMT)在超临界CO2(sc-CO2)中溶胀并混合,制备了生物可降解PEC/OMMT纳米复合材料。采用X射线衍射仪、热失重分析仪、差示扫描量热仪及万能电子拉力机等对PEC/OM-MT纳米复合材料的性能进行表征和分析。结果表明,70℃下制备的PEC/OMMT复合材料为插层型纳米复合材料;该复合材料的热稳定性和玻璃化转变温度都得到较大改善;加入少量OMMT,复合材料的拉伸性能得到明显提高。与熔融插层法和溶液插层法相比,sc-CO2法既可以解决PEC在熔融插层中面临的热降解问题,也可以避免溶液插层中使用大量有机溶剂造成的污染问题,是制备PEC/OMMT纳米复合材料的一种新方法。 相似文献