Effect of non-isothermal aging on microstructure and properties of Al–5.87Zn–2.07Mg–2.42Cu alloys

The evolution of microstructure and properties of Al–5.87Zn–2.07Mg–2.42Cu alloys during non-isothermal aging was studied. The mechanical properties of the alloy were tested by stretching at room temperature. The results show that in the non-isothermal aging process, when the alloy is cooled to 140 °C, the ultimate tensile strength of the alloy reaches a maximum value of 582 MPa and the elongation is 11.9%. The microstructure was tested through a transmission electron microscope, and the experimental results show that the GP zones and η’ phases are the main strengthening precipitates. At the cooling stage, when the temperature dropped to 180 °C, the GP zones were precipitated again. Besides, the experimental results show that the main strengthening phase during non-isothermal aging is η’ phases.     

Single and double aging treatments on Mg97Zn1Y2 alloy

The development of magnesium alloys was limited due to the low absolute strength and poor corrosion resistance. It was found that the optimal performance could not be achieved in some alloys by a single quenching and aging treatment, but could be achieved after a graded aging or multiple-stage aging heat treatment. The Mg97Zn1Y2 alloy was prepared and subjected to single and double aging treatments. Single aging was carried out at 250 ℃ for 6 to 15 h. For double aging, the first step was performed the same as the single aging. The second step was performed at 350 ℃ for 12 h. The microstructure and properties of the alloy with single and double aging were analyzed by means of hardness measurement, optical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, and polarization curve measurements. Results show that the precipitated nanoscale phases are formed during aging, and evenly distributed in the matrix. Compared with the single aging treatment, the hardness and corrosion resistance of the alloy are further improved due to the double aging treatment.     

Enhanced strengthening by two-step progressive solution and aging treatment in AM50−4%(Zn,Y) magnesium alloy

AM50?4%(Zn,Y) alloy with a Zn/Y mole ratio of 6:1 was subjected to thermal analysis, and the results were used for designing a two-step progressive solution treatment process. The effects of solution and aging treatments on the microstructure and mechanical properties of the AM50?4%(Zn,Y) alloy were investigated using OM, XRD, SEM/EDS, TEM, tensile test and hardness test. The experimental results demonstrated that the two-step progressive solution treatment could make the Φ and β phases sufficiently dissolve into the matrix which possessed higher supersaturated degree of the dissolved solute compared with the one-step solution treatment. This resulted in a certain enhancement of the precipitation strengthening effect during the subsequent aging process. The precipitation of the Ф phase had a greater impact on the comprehensive mechanical properties of the alloy than β phase precipitation when the aging treatment was performed at 180 °C. The peak aging strength of the AM50?4%(Zn,Y) alloy which was subjected to the two-step progressive solution treatment process (345 °C for 16 h and 375 °C for 6 h) was obtained after the aging treatment at 180 °C for 12 h.     

变形镁合金表面改性的新技术

简述了对变形镁合金进行改性的必要性。对变形镁合金进行表面改性的方法包括激光熔敷、热喷涂、电化学方法、转化膜、液相/气相沉积、涂装和离子注入。对变形镁合金表面的热喷涂包括火焰喷涂和等离子喷涂;电化学方法包括微弧氧化和阳极氧化法;制备转化膜的方法包括化学镀、磷化和溶胶—凝胶法;离子注入包括高温金属离子注入和等离子体注入。指出应该加强对实际的变形镁合金构件的表面改性技术的开发,尤其是对试样研究较多的微弧氧化法、阳极氧化法和磷化。     

在线固溶及离线热处理对压铸AZ91D镁合金组织及硬度的影响(英文)

研究在线固溶处理、离线固溶处理和时效处理对压铸AZ91D镁合金组织及硬度的影响。结果表明:在线淬火和离线时效处理可提高压铸AZ91D合金的布氏硬度,但是离线固溶处理使合金的硬度下降。通过X射线物相分析、光学显微组织分析、差热分析、扫描电镜及能谱分析,发现在线固溶和时效处理后合金的组织与压铸AZ91D的基本相同,仍由α-Mg及β-Al12Mg17组成。在压铸镁合金冷却过程中,在线固溶处理使温度急剧降低从而阻止了β-Al12Mg17相的继续析出,增强了Al元素固溶强化的效果。时效处理后,Al12Mg17从Mg的过饱和固溶体中析出并细化组织,改善了细晶强化的效果。离线的固溶处理使Al12Mg17分解,导致其固溶强化效果得到增强但是晶界强化相大幅度减少,从而使合金的硬度降低。     

不同工艺状态下AZ31B镁合金热压缩变形行为研究

镁合金在热加工过程中的变形机制复杂,且容易受到材料初始工艺状态和变形条件影响,因此呈现出不同的应力应变关系。采用铸态和变形态的AZ31B作为研究对象,通过Gleeble-1500获取坯料的应力应变曲线随温度和应变率的变化关系,基于Arrhenius双曲正弦型函数构建两种不同工艺状态下镁合金的本构模型,分析初始加工状态对镁合金应力应变关系及变形机制的影响。实验结果表明：当应变速率大于0.1s_^-1,变形态镁合金在低温下由于变形织构及大量孪生产生而出现45°剪切断裂;在高温和低应变速率下两种工艺状态的镁合金变形机制相同,应力应变曲线基本相似;变形态镁合金的硬化指数n及变形激活能Q相比铸态镁合金更低。     

Warm deep drawing of wrought magnesium alloy sheets produced by semi-solid roll strip-casting process

This paper is concerned with the development of a continuous strip-casting technology to facilitate the manufacture of magnesium sheet alloys economically whilst maintaining high quality. Established in the paper is warm formability of cast magnesium alloy sheets after being hot rolled by semi-solid roll strip-casting process. It has been found that magnesium sheet with 2.0–4.0 mm thickness could be produced at a speed of 25 m/min. Hot rolling and annealing temperatures during hot rolling were also changed to examine which condition would be appropriate for producing wrought magnesium alloys with good formability. Microstructures of the crystals of the manufactured wrought magnesium alloys were observed. It has been found that a limiting drawing ratio of 2.7 was possible in a warm deep-drawing test of the cast magnesium alloy sheets after being hot rolled.     

7A04铝合金时效强化的试验研究及其强度计算

以铝合金时效强化动力学理论为基础,研究了高温预热固溶处理后不同的时效工艺对7A04铝合金组织和性能的影响,得到了优化的双级时效工艺.在此基础上,建立了合金成分、析出相尺寸及其体积分数与合金屈服强度之间的计算模型,并利用该模型对7A04铝合金单级时效和双级时效后的屈服强度进行计算.该模型集成了固溶强化和弥散强化对合金屈服强度的贡献,在达到最大时效强度之前,计算结果和试验测量结果较为一致.此后,随着强化相体积分数计算偏差增加,计算强度与测量强度之间的误差也有所增大.     

固溶时效工艺对Cu-Ni-Co-Si合金组织和性能的影响

通过硬度和导电率的测量、光学显微镜和透射电镜(TEM),研究了固溶时效工艺对Cu-Ni-Co-Si合金组织和性能的影响。结果表明:经过950 ℃×30 min水淬+500 ℃×480 min随炉冷却后,Cu-Ni-Co-Si 合金得到良好的综合性能:硬度为243.55 HV3,导电率为42.24%IACS;添加少量的V有利于提高二次时效后合金的导电率,并且进行适当的一次时效对提高合金的导电率和硬度是有利的,可以使二次时效试样迅速获得良好的综合性能;Cu-Ni-Co-Si合金的主要强化相为盘状正交结构的δ-(Co,Ni)₂Si,过饱和固溶体析出的沉淀物均匀分布,但位错缠结始终存在,其中基体与析出相的位向关系为[001]_m//[110]_p, (010)_m //(001)_p。     

挤压前的时效处理对AZ80镁合金组织和力学性能的影响

本文主要研究了挤压前的时效处理工艺对AZ80镁合金显微组织的力学性能的影响,同时结合扫描电子显微镜对断口进行分析。结果表明：挤压前时效处理可以明显细化晶粒;时效过程中析出的Mg₁₇Al₁₂粒子弥散分布在晶界处,在动态再结晶过程中起到阻碍晶界移动、阻止晶粒长大、细化组织的作用;随着时效时间的延长或者时效温度的提高,晶粒细化效果减弱;时效后进行挤压,材料的屈服强度、抗拉强度和延伸率均提高。通过对断口形貌的分析发现,早期裂纹产生于晶界处粗大的第二相周围,导致了拉伸过程中延伸率的下降。本文中挤压前时效处理对AZ80的强化效果为高性能镁合金的设计和开发提供了一种全新的思路。     

变形镁合金的研究、开发及应用

综述了国内外主要的变形镁合金材料的基本特性、力学性能和应用领域，介绍了目前变形镁合金材料的研究现状和进展，以及制备高性能变形镁合金材料的新工艺，探讨了镁合金的合金化原理和主要合金元素在变形镁合金中的作用，重点阐述了稀土元素对变形镁合金控能的影响及稀土镁合金的研究与进展。塑性变形与热处理工艺相结合，可获得高强度和优良延展性、更多样化性能的镁合金结构材料。变形镁合金将成为21世纪重要的商用轻质结构材料。     

热处理工艺对ZC63镁合金组织及性能的影响

利用光学显微镜、X射线衍射仪、扫描电镜和力学万能试验机等研究了ZC63镁合金在不同热处理工艺下的显微组织和力学性能的变化规律。结果表明:ZC63镁合金铸态组织主要由α-Mg和呈网状分布的CuMgZn相组成;经热处理后,强化相主要由颗粒状的CuMgZn和Mg2Zn3相组成。实验合金在445℃固溶24 h后,随着时效温度的升高,合金的抗拉强度和硬度值都逐渐降低,但在180℃时效20 h,伸长率最高,达到17.2%。热处理后合金的拉伸断口形貌中分布有颗粒状CuMgZn析出相,阻碍了晶界和位错的运动,裂纹沿着颗粒状析出相的边界以及内部扩展。     

Microstructure and mechanical properties of forged Al-7.1Zn-1.1Mg-1.6Cu-0.14Zr alloy after two-step ageing treatment at 120 and 170℃

The tensile properties,electrical conductivity,and microstructure of the forged Al-7.1Zn-1.1Mg-1.6Cu-0.14Zr alloy were investigated after a two-step ageing treatment at 120 and 170℃.The results indicate that the strength of the alloy reaches the peak value at 170℃ for 1 h during the second step ageing and then decreases sharply.However,the electrical conductivity value increases continuously with the second ageing time increasing.The fracture mechanism of the alloy is intergranular fracture for 1 h and then changes to dimple transgranular fracture later,and the toughness of the alloy is improved significantly.The phases of η' and η are major precipitates in the alloy under the two-step ageing condition.Discontinuous grain boundary precipitates and precipitate-free zones along the grain boundary are clearly observed.     

Mg-Al-Zn（RE）镁合金轧制变形行为及强化机制

针对典型的Mg-Al-Zn系AZ31变形镁合金以及添加了0．8％Ce和0．8％Nd的AZ31镁合金，研究了合金在轧制加工过程中组织与性能的变化以及稀土元素对合金的影响，并探讨了合金的主要强化机制。结果表明：Mg-Al-Zn系合金轧制加工过程中加丁硬化严重，容易发生脆性断裂。添加稀土元素后的合金强度和塑性都有明显提高，稀土元素可形成Al4ce等含稀土化合物，起到细晶强化和第二相强化作用。     

稀土在变形镁合金中的应用

综述了稀土在变形镁合金中的作用和应用情况。重点阐述了Mg-RE—Zr系变形镁合金的析出强化作用及塑性变形行为。稀土在变形镁合金中的应用具有十分广阔的前景。     

Microstructure and mechanical properties of wrought magnesium alloy AZ31B welded by laser-TIG hybrid

The laser-TIG hybrid welding was mainly used to weld the wrought magnesium alloy AZ31B. The tech-nical characteristics of laser-TIG hybrid welding process was investigated and the interactional mechanism between laser and arc was discussed, at the same time the microstructure and mechanical properties of the wrought magnesi-um alloy AZ31B using laser-TIG hybrid welding were analyzed by optical microscope, EPMA, SEM, tensile ma-chine, hardness machine. The experimental results show that the presence of laser beam boosts up the stability of the arc during high speed welding and augments the penetration of weld； the crystal grains of magnesium alloy weld are fine without porosity and cracks in the best welding criterion and the microstructure of HAZ does not become coarse obviously. The elements profile analysis reveals that Mg content in the weld is lower than that of the base metal, but Al content is higher slightly. Under this experimental condition, the wrought magnesium alloy AZ31B joint can be achieved using laser-TIG hybrid process and the tensile strength of the joint is equivalent to that of the base metal.     

Microstructure and mechanical properties of forged AI-7.1Zn-1.1Mg- 1.6Cu-0.14Zr alloy after two-step ageing treatment at 120 and 170℃

The tensile properties, electrical conductivity, and microstructure of the forged Al-7.1Zn-1.1Mg-1.6Cu-0.14Zr alloy were investigated after a two-step ageing treatment at 120 and 170°C. The results indicate that the strength of the alloy reaches the peak value at 170°C for 1 h during the second step ageing and then decreases sharply. However, the electrical conductivity value increases continuously with the second ageing time increasing. The fracture mechanism of the alloy is intergranular fracture for 1 h and then changes to dimple transgranular fracture later, and the toughness of the alloy is improved significantly. The phases of η′ and η are major precipitates in the alloy under the two-step ageing condition. Discontinuous grain boundary precipitates and precipitate-free zones along the grain boundary are clearly observed.     

非等温时效对7003铝合金组织和性能的影响

结合TEM与力学性能测试对7003铝合金在非等温时效过程中的析出行为和强化规律进行了研究,合金的抗腐蚀性能通过电导率、晶间腐蚀和电化学腐蚀的结果来评估。结果表明:以20 ℃/h升温至180 ℃时,合金的硬度和强度达到了113 HV0.5和367.8 MPa的峰值,与T6态标准相当。在降温阶段180~160 ℃范围内合金能够获得比T74更高的强度和相近的电导率。随着非等温时效的进行,合金的抗腐蚀性能不断提升。GP区和η′相在升温阶段为主要的析出相,到了降温阶段,晶内GP区逐渐消失,η′相不断粗化并有新的细小析出相形成。从升温开始到降温终止,晶界析出相的数量和尺寸越来越大,沿晶界呈断续链状分布,晶界无析出带的宽度也呈稳定增加的趋势。     

变形镁合金材料的研究进展

综述了变形镁合金材料的基本特性和优良性能,讨论了镁合金的合金化原理和主要合金元素在变形镁合金中的作用,介绍了快速凝固方法制备的高性能变形镁合金新工艺以及变形镁合金的主要应用领域。变形镁合金将成为21世纪极有发展前途的轻质商用结构材料。     

时效时间对AZ80A镁合金中不连续析出相、连续析出相和力学性能的影响（英文）

通过SEM原位观察、TEM观察和拉伸试验,研究AZ80A镁合金中析出相和力学性能随时效时间的演变规律。结果表明,在时效初期,反应前沿附近由连续析出(CP)产生的析出相逐渐被由不连续析出(DP)产生的析出相所取代。随着时效时间的延长,DP区中的椭圆相明显粗化,导致DP区的晶内硬度缓慢降低;而在CP区,初始析出片状相长大的同时,还析出一些细小的片状相,这使得CP区的晶内硬度在时效后期继续缓慢增加。与CP区相比,DP区具有更快、更强的时效硬化行为。然而,CP区的时效强化不仅可以弥补DP区的过时效软化,而且还能提高合金的强度。