原位合成WC_p/W丝增强铁基复合材料的组织与性能

在1100℃和1150℃下,钨丝和灰口铸铁中的石墨相原位合成WC颗粒,该颗粒与未反应的钨丝协同增强灰口铸铁,得到铁基复合材料.通过SEM、XRD、EDS、微观硬度和干式销盘磨损测试等手段,对复合试样进行组织形貌观察及性能测试.结果表明,在1150℃时,原位合成的WC颗粒较大,其复合材料在小的载荷下耐磨性较好;而在1100℃时,原位合成的WC颗粒细小,其复合材料在大的载荷下耐磨性较好.合成反应的机理受到反应物的扩散速度的影响.     

原位合成WC颗粒与钨丝混杂增强铁基复合材料

通过对钨丝和灰口铸铁熔体组成的体系施加一定的电磁场,促使钨丝与熔体中的碳原子进行反应, 原位生成WC颗粒.利用SEM、EDS和XRD对复合材料的显微组织进行研究.结果表明:在电磁场频率为4 kHz,电流为15 A时, 原位合成的WC颗粒均匀地分散在钨丝周围,WC颗粒与未反应的钨丝共同组成混杂增强铁基复合材料.两体磨损试验结果表明:与对比试样相比,混杂增强铁基复合材料的耐磨性提高约2.5倍,这可归因于原位合成的WC颗粒硬度较高且弥散分布在基体中.     

电磁场法原位合成WC_p/W丝增强铁基复合材料

通过对钨丝和灰口铸铁熔体组成的体系施加电磁场,在1573 K时,熔体中的碳原子与钨原子能够原位反应合成碳化钨颗粒。结果表明:当电磁场频率小于4 kHz,得到碳化钨颗粒与钨丝混杂增强灰口铸铁基复合材料;当电磁场频率达到4 kHz时,得到碳化钨颗粒增强灰口铸铁基复合材料。电磁场除了加速熔体中的质量传递外,还有助于在钨丝周围形成一系列的Fe-W-C三元微区,该微区中钨的浓度较高,利于改善原位合成WC颗粒的动力学条件。但是,WC颗粒的间隙类似于一个过滤器,降低了元素的扩散速度。复合材料较好的耐磨性归因于WC颗粒的较高硬度以及颗粒的弥散分布。     

工艺参数对原位合成WC_P增强铁基复合材料的影响

以金属钨丝网和灰口铸铁为原材料,采用离心铸造技术,通过调整钨丝的中心间距和灰口铸铁熔体的浇铸温度,原位合成WC颗粒增强铁基复合材料。利用XRD、SEM以及两体销盘磨损试验机对所得复合材料复合区的物相种类、显微组织以及磨损性能进行分析研究,结果表明:随浇铸温度的提高,WC衍射峰的强度增强,反应程度增大,WC量不断增多。当钨丝中心间距为0.5 mm,浇铸温度为1400℃时,得到较理想的WC颗粒弥散分布于铁基体中的复合材料;在浇铸温度不变时,随中心距的增大,复合材料的磨损率呈现出先降低后略微升高的趋势。     

铸渗-原位反应制备WC_P/W纤维混杂增强铁基复合材料

以金属钨纤维编织的钨网和灰口铸铁为原材料,选用铸渗-原位反应法制备WCP/W纤维混杂增强铁基复合材料。通过DTA、XRD、SEM以及两体磨损试验对该复合材料的物相、显微组织以及磨损特性进行了分析。结果表明:当铸渗复合和原位反应温度分别为1300℃和1160℃时,可确保复合材料组织的致密性,以及金属钨纤维和灰口铸铁基体中的碳反应合成WC颗粒。反应完全的钨纤维原位生成较多的WC颗粒,起到颗粒强化效果;反应不完全的钨纤维在基体中起到纤维强化效果;复合材料的耐磨性随着载荷的增加不断提高,其磨损机制主要为显微切削磨损。     

热处理对钨丝增强灰铸铁基复合材料力学性能和组织的影响

研究了铸态和热处理态两种情况下的钨丝增强灰铸铁基复合材料,热处理的温度分别为1000℃和1100℃。利用扫描电镜、显微硬度计及三点弯曲等手段对复合材料的组织和性能进行了分析和检测。三点弯曲的试验结果表明,与没有增强的铸铁相比,钨丝增强的铸铁基复合材料具有较高抗弯强度和弯曲模量,且抗弯强度随着热处理温度的升高而增加。在热处理过程中,由于增强体和基体之间的扩散反应,基体中石墨片数量明显降低;一些较高硬度的碳化物颗粒出现在未反应的钨丝周围。不但基体和增强体的硬度发生了变化,而且增强体的区域扩大了。     

钨丝与灰铸铁原位合成WC的研究

采用铸造复合热处理工艺制备钨丝/铁基复合材料,研究了在浇铸状态、反应中间状态和完全反应态时,钨丝与灰铸铁中的石墨原位合成WC的过程,采用SEM、EDS和XRD分析了试样的微观组织和相结构。结果表明:原始浇铸试样的钨丝基本未发生反应,仅有少量Fe7W6出现在钨丝和基体的边界;在1150℃下保温1 h时,钨丝与碳发生反应,但不完全,主要产物为WC,同时有少量W2C和复相化合物Fe3W3C生成;在1150℃下保温2 h钨丝反应完全,产物全部为WC。     

钒丝与铸铁原位合成V_8C_7的研究

以钒丝和铸铁为原料,采用铸造和热处理工艺相结合的方法,使钒丝与铸铁中的碳原子反应,原位合成了V8C7颗粒增强铁基复合材料。对复合区进行显微组织观察及分析、显微硬度测量、耐磨性能测试。结果表明,生成的V8C7颗粒均匀分布于铁基体中,且生成物与基体有很好的冶金结合。复合区的最高硬度达3022HV0.05,平均硬度是基体的10～15倍。复合材料的耐磨性相对于铸铁标准试样提高了2.89倍。     

原位合成V8C7颗粒增强铁基复合材料的制备

采用铸渗和热处理原位反应工艺相结合的方法,将准1 mm的钒丝与灰铸铁进行复合,制成钒丝-灰铸铁复合预制体,并对其进行热处理,使钒丝中的钒原子与铸铁中的碳原子原位反应生成V8C7颗粒,制备出V8C7颗粒增强铁基复合材料。用SEM、XRD对该复合材料的显微组织和物相组成进行分析。结果表明,生成的V8C7颗粒均匀分布于铁基体中,且生成物与基体有很好的冶金结合,反应区主要由α-Fe和V8C7颗粒组成;应用热力学原理对原位合成V8C7颗粒的反应机理进行分析,表明用此方法制备的V8C7增强相在热力学上是可行的。     

高碳铁与金属钨丝原位合成WC的研究

通过液固态的高碳铁和φ0.25mm的纯钨丝形成了微区Fe-C-W三元体系,并在该微区内原位合成WC颗粒,用扫描电镜和X衍射分析对微观组织结构及相组成进行分析.结果表明:原位合成WC受温度的变化较敏感,在1428K时,原位合成WC较少;当温度降到1423K,原位合成WC较多,且颗粒的分散性好.保温时间延长,生成复相化合物的可能性增加.原位合成WC主要受碳的扩散速度影响.     

Study on in-situ WC particles/tungsten wire reinforced iron matrix composites under electromagnetic field

By applying electromagnetic field to a system consisting of tungsten wires and grey cast iron melt, the grey cast iron matrix composite reinforced by either in-situ WC particles or the combination of in-situ WC particles and the residual tungsten wire was obtained. By means of differential thermal analysis (DTA), the pouring temperature of iron melt was determined at 1,573 K. The microstructures of the composites were analyzed by using of X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) equipped with an energy dispersive spectrum (EDS) and pin-on-disc abrasive wear test. The obtained results indicated that, with the enhancing frequency of electromagnetic field, the amount of in-situ WC particles gradually increases, leading to continuous decrease of the residual tungsten wires. When the electromagnetic field frequency was up to 4 kHz, tungsten wires reacted completely with carbon atoms in grey cast iron melt, forming WC particals. The electromagnetic field appeared to accelerate the elemental diffusion in the melt, to help relatively quick formation of a series of small Fe- W-C ternary zones and to improve the kinetic condition of in-situ WC fabrication. As compared with the composite prepared without the electromagnetic field, the composite fabricated at 4 kHz presented good wear resistance.     

Preparation of in situ-formed WC/Fe composite on gray cast iron substrate by a centrifugal casting process

An iron-based composite reinforced by in situ-formed tungsten carbide particles was fabricated on gray cast iron substrate by a centrifugal casting process. The as-prepared composite was characterized by X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, and microhardness and wear testers. An appropriate pouring temperature (1300 °C) of the gray cast iron melt was chosen considering the dissolution temperature of the tungsten wires determined by differential scanning calorimetry. The experimental results showed that the tungsten wires were dissolved partially by the cast iron melt. As a result, primary and secondary tungsten carbide particles and pearlite with a negligible amount of graphite flakes were formed as the reinforcing phase and the matrix, respectively. The composite with a thickness of about 3 mm was dense and metallurgically bonded to the gray cast iron substrate. Wear resistance was determined by a pin-on-disc wear test technique, indicating that the composite containing high volume fraction of hard tungsten carbides presented higher wear resistance compared with the unreinforced gray cast iron.     

WC颗粒增强Cr系抗磨白口铸铁表层复合材料抗磨损性能的研究

本文研究了在三体磨损条件下,WC颗粒增强Cr系白口铸铁表层复合材料的三体磨损性能;并与相应的Cr系白口铸铁的三体磨损性能进行了比较.结果表明,铸态去应力处理时,Cr系白口铸铁随着金属Cr含量的增加,其耐磨性有所增强.Cr含量从2%增加到26%,相对耐磨性从1增加到1.39,而复合材料相对于基体材料的耐磨性提高到了6以上;硬化态去应力处理时,Cr系白口铸铁随着金属Cr含量的增加,其耐磨性略有增强.Cr含量从2%增加到26%,相对耐磨性从1增加到1.29,而复合材料相对于基体材料的耐磨性提高到5以上.可见,为了提高Cr系白口铸铁材料表层的耐磨性能,采用WC颗粒增强Cr系抗磨白口铸铁表层复合材料的途径十分有效.     

WC颗粒增强Cr系白口铸铁复合材料的三体磨损性能的研究

系统研究了在三体磨损条件下,WC颗粒增强Cr系白口铸铁表层复合材料的抗磨损性能,并与相应的Cr系白口铸铁的抗磨损性能进行了比较.结果表明,铸态去应力处理时,Cr系白口铸铁随着金属Cr含量的增加,其耐磨性有所增强;Cr含量从2%增加到26%,相对耐磨性从1增加到1.39,而复合材料相对于基体材料的耐磨性提高到了6以上.硬化态去应力处理时,Cr系白口铸铁随着金属Cr含量的增加,其耐磨性略有增强;Cr含量从2%增加到26%,相对耐磨性从1增加到1.29,而复合材料相对于基体材料的耐磨性提高到5以上.可见,为了提高Cr系白口铸铁材料表层的耐磨性能,采用制备WC颗粒增强Cr系抗磨白口铸铁表层复合材料的途径十分有效.     

Fabrication of WC/Fe composite coating by centrifugal casting plus in-situ synthesis techniques

Using tungsten wires as a reactive source, an iron-based composite coating, reinforced by tungsten carbide (WC) particles, with a thickness of 3.0 mm, was fabricated on the surface of a gray cast iron substrate by centrifugal casting plus in-situ synthesis techniques. With the help of differential thermal analysis (DTA), an appropriate pouring temperature of the gray cast iron molten was determined to be 1300 °C. The experimental results show that the composite coating is dense and consists mainly of primary WC carbides, fine secondly WC carbides as the reinforcing phases and pearlite accompanied by negligible graphite flakes as the matrix. Wear resistance of the composite coating was determined with a pin-on-disc wear test technique, indicating that the composite coating, containing high volume fraction of hard WC carbides, present good wear resistance property compared with the un-reinforced gray cast iron, regardless of load level. Additionally, according to the Fe-W-C ternary phase, reaction paths between tungsten wires and molten, and in-situ synthesis of WC particles, were investigated.     

碳化钨增强钢铁基耐磨复合材料的研究和应用

评述了制备复合材料的铸渗法、粉末烧结法、堆焊法、电渣熔铸法等工艺方法,以及碳化钨和钢铁基体的选择、界面反应和强度、复合材料的性能和应用现状.重点介绍了粘结剂、其他添加剂、碳化钨颗粒形状、粒度及其分布、浇注温度等对铸渗工艺及其表面复合材料的影响.阐明铸渗法是一种有前途的制备工艺,自蔓延工艺和铸造工艺的组合有可能取得新的成效.指出复合层厚度在10 mm以上的铸渗工艺,工程化和产业化关键技术以及复合工艺的稳定化是今后的研发重点,表面耐磨复合材料较适用于零部件的局部磨损和低角度的冲蚀磨损,应据磨损工况来选择制备工艺及其复合材料.     

Effects of heat treatment on mechanical properties and microstructure of tungsten fiber reinforced grey cast iron matrix composites

In this study, grey cast iron matrix composites reinforced by different volume fractions of tungsten fibers (Vr=0.95 %, 1.90 %, 2.85 %, 3.80 %) were investigated in as-cast and under the heat treatment temperatures of 1,000℃ and 1,100℃. The microstructure and mechanical properties of the composites were analyzed and tested by means of SEM, micro-hardness tester and three-point bend testing. The results show that with increasing of the volume fraction of tungsten fibers, the composites reinforced by the tungsten fiber have higher flexural strength and modulus than that of cast iron without reinforcement, and the flexural strength increases with the increasing of heat treatment temperatures. Due to diffusion reaction between matrix and reinforcing phases, the process of heat treatment, the number of graphite flakes in the matrix seemingly becomes lower; and some hard carbide particles are formed around the residual tungsten fibers. Not only does the hardness of both matrix and reinforcement change tremendously, but also the region of reinforcement is also extended from the original 0.11 mm to 0.19 mm in radius.     

钨对淬火回火高铬铸铁冲击性能和耐磨性的影响

通过冲击试验和磨损试验,研究了钨含量对淬火回火高铬铸铁性能的影响。结果表明,热处理对钨元素的分布影响不大,钨在基体和碳化物中均匀分布。随钨含量增加,淬火回火高铬铸铁硬度增加,冲击韧度和耐磨性先升高后降低。高铬钨铸铁硬度为62～65 HRC,冲击韧度为6～8 J/cm2,一定量钨的加入能显著提高高铬铸铁的耐磨性。