响应面法优化受精蛋蛋清制备抗氧化肽酶解工艺

以酶解产物的1,1-二苯基-2-三硝基苯肼（1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl radical 2,2-diphenyl-1-（2,4,6-trinitrophenyl）hydrazyl,DPPH）自由基清除率为指标,在单因素试验的基础上,选择酶解温度、pH值、底物质量浓度、加酶量4 个因素,通过Box-Behnken试验设计和响应面分析法优化酶解受精蛋蛋清制备抗氧化肽的最佳工艺条件。结果表明：在酶解温度46 ℃、pH 9.1、底物质量浓度4.28 g/100 mL、加酶量21 000 U/g条件下,所得酶解产物的DPPH自由基清除率活性最强,达到84.97%。碱性蛋白酶酶解得到的产物具有较强的抗氧化活性,优化工艺条件与理论预测拟合度高。     

小麦蛋白双酶酶解制备高抗氧化性小麦肽研究

小麦肽是小麦蛋白的主要酶解产物,抗氧化性是小麦肽的主要功能特性。为制备高抗氧化性小麦肽,选择碱性蛋白酶和风味蛋白酶分步酶解方式,以1,1-二苯基-2-三硝基苯肼(DPPH)自由基清除率、超氧阴离子自由基(O2-·)清除率、羟自由基(·OH)清除率等为指标,采用响应面法优化两种酶的最佳酶解工艺参数,并对最终酶解物进行超滤分级分离。结果表明,高抗氧化性小麦肽制备的最佳工艺参数:第1步碱性蛋白酶在底物含量11.2%、酶含量2 200 U/g、pH 8.5、温度55℃条件下酶解4.3 h;第2步风味蛋白酶在酶含量1 070 U/g、pH6.5、温度50℃条件下酶解2.2 h。最终酶解物DPPH自由基清除率为75.36%,O2-·清除率为74.51%,·OH清除率为76.29%,其中分子质量小于1 000 u组分自由基清除率最高。研究结果说明小麦蛋白酶解物具有良好的抗氧化活性,这可为小麦蛋白的深加工利用提供理论参考。     

生物解离大豆蛋白酶解物体外模拟消化抗氧化活性变化

挤压膨化大豆在生物解离过程中,通过酶解（碱性蛋白酶、风味蛋白酶）产生的大豆蛋白酶解物（soybean protein hydrolysate,SPH）有良好的抗氧化活性,因此,需要探索模拟胃肠道（gastrointestinal,GI）消化对蛋白酶解物抗氧化活性的影响。分别以蛋白酶（碱性蛋白酶、风味蛋白酶）酶解得到的SPH和经过模拟GI消化后的产物作为研究对象,采用水解度、氨基酸组成、分子质量分布、氧化自由基吸收能力（oxidative radical absorption capacity,ORAC）、1,1-二苯基-2-三硝基苯肼（1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl,DPPH）自由基清除能力及2,2’-联氨-双(3-乙基苯并噻唑啉-6-磺酸)（2,2’-azinobis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) diammonium salt,ABTS）阳离子自由基清除能力对样品抗氧化活性进行分析。结果显示：相对于风味蛋白酶酶解,采用碱性蛋白酶进行酶解时抗氧化活性更高;但是经过模拟GI消化后,风味蛋白酶酶解得到的SPH抗氧化活性更高,ORAC为69.15 μmol/mg、DPPH自由基清除能力为27.29%、ABTS阳离子自由基清除能力为56.21%,肽的相对含量更高,为75.86%,并且肽中具有抗氧化活性的氨基酸含量更高,分子质量小于1 kDa的肽相对含量最高,为17.35%。     

响应面法优化坛紫菜抗氧化肽酶法制备工艺

以坛紫菜为原料,通过酸性蛋白酶、中性蛋白酶、碱性蛋白酶、胰蛋白酶和纤维素酶酶解制备活性肽,以DPPH自由基清除率和多肽得率为评价指标,研究坛紫菜水解肽的抗氧化能力。结果表明:5种酶的酶解产物都具有抗氧化能力,中性蛋白酶酶解产物DPPH自由基清除率最高,选择它为最佳工具酶。通过单因素和响应面试验优化酶解工艺,得到最佳酶解工艺:酶解时间3.6 h、酶解温度47℃、酶用量16362 U/g、底物浓度3.0%、pH7.0。此条件下制备得到的水解肽具有较强抗氧化能力,DPPH自由基清除率可达(91.83±0.81)%。     

酶解牡丹籽粕蛋白制备抗氧化肽的工艺优化

利用制备的牡丹籽粕蛋白为原料,对其进行酶解以获得具有抗氧化活性的多肽,为牡丹籽粕的精深加工提供理论依据。首先进行蛋白酶的筛选,选取最佳的碱性蛋白酶对碱溶酸沉法制备的牡丹籽饼粕蛋白进行酶解;以水解度和DPPH自由基清除力为指标进行单因素实验,分别考察底物浓度、酶解时间、加酶量、pH和酶解温度对制备抗氧化活性肽的影响;以DPPH自由基清除力为响应值,对牡丹籽粕蛋白抗氧化肽的制备工艺进行响应面法优化,确定的最佳制备工艺为:底物浓度0.7%、酶解时间2 h、酶用量4.60%、酶解温度56℃和pH8.0。抗氧化实验结果表明,制备的抗氧化肽对DPPH自由基的清除率为52.49%;经17种水解氨基酸组成分析证明,必需氨基酸占水解氨基酸总量的32.24%,具有较高的营养价值。     

酶解青蛤边下脚料制备抗氧化肽的研究

为了充分利用青蛤(Cyclina sineusis Gmelin)加工过程中产生的边下脚料制备抗氧化肽,对青蛤边下脚料进行了匀浆预处理。以酶解产物的1,1-二苯基-2-三硝基苯肼(DPPH)自由基清除率为评价指标,从胰蛋白酶、木瓜蛋白酶、胃蛋白酶、酸性蛋白酶、中性蛋白酶和碱性蛋白酶6种蛋白酶中筛选出木瓜蛋白酶作为最佳酶解用酶,通过单因素试验和正交试验确定木瓜蛋白酶酶解青蛤边下脚料制备抗氧化肽的最佳工艺条件为:加酶量2 500 U/g、底物浓度7%、反应pH 7.0、反应温度50℃、反应时间3 h。在该条件下对青蛤边下脚料的水解率为31.56%,酶解产物的DPPH自由基清除率为74.62%,羟自由基清除率为59.29%,超氧阴离子自由基清除率为27.84%。     

酶解黄秋葵籽蛋白制备抗氧化肽的工艺优化

利用制备的黄秋葵籽粕蛋白为原料,采用酶解法以获得具有抗氧化活性的多肽,为黄秋葵籽粕的精深加工提供理论依据。首先进行蛋白酶的筛选,选取最佳的碱性蛋白酶对碱溶酸沉法制备的黄秋葵籽粕蛋白进行酶解;以水解度和DPPH自由基清除力为指标进行单因素试验,分别考察底物浓度、酶解时间、加酶量、pH值和酶解温度对制备抗氧化活性肽的影响;然后应用响应面法,以DPPH自由基清除力为响应值,对黄秋葵籽粕蛋白抗氧化肽的制备工艺进行优化,确定的最佳制备工艺参数为:底物浓度0.7%、酶解时间3.8 h、酶用量6%、酶解温度50℃和pH 8.0。抗氧化试验结果表明,制备的抗氧化肽对DPPH自由基的清除率为50.83%。     

驼乳与牛乳乳清蛋白酶解工艺优化及其产物抗氧化能力分析

为了研究不同蛋白水解酶对驼乳和牛乳抗氧化能力的影响,向驼乳和牛乳乳清蛋白中添加不同蛋白水解酶,探究乳清蛋白抗氧化活性肽的最佳制备条件,并对其抗氧化能力进行比较分析。首先从3种蛋白酶中筛选出最佳用酶,在此基础上以1,1-二苯基-2-三硝基苯肼(1,1-diphenyl-2-Trinitrophenylhydrazine,DPPH)自由基的清除率为响应值,进行单因素和响应面试验,同时研究了驼乳和牛乳乳清蛋白抗氧化肽对DPPH自由基、羟自由基、超氧阴离子的清除效果。结果表明,木瓜蛋白酶水解物的能力最强,水解度可达15%。驼乳乳清蛋白最佳酶解工艺为酶解pH6.4,酶解温度55 ℃,底物浓度2.73%,DPPH自由基清除率可达71.9%。牛乳乳清蛋白最佳酶解工艺为酶解pH6,酶解温度54 ℃,底物浓度4%,DPPH自由基清除率达69.9%。在最佳酶解条件下,驼乳乳清蛋白酶解液的·OH清除率为58.2%,O₂-·清除率为67.2%;牛乳乳清蛋白酶解液·OH清除率为52.2%,·O₂-清除率为60.7%。驼乳乳清蛋白酶解液的抗氧化性在不同程度上均高于牛乳乳清蛋白酶解液,驼乳和牛乳乳清酶解液的DPPH自由基清除能力较强,其次是O₂-·清除能力,·OH清除能力最弱。     

奇亚籽蛋白酶解制备抗氧化肽的工艺优化

以奇亚籽粗蛋白为原料,酶解法制备抗氧化肽并通过响应面法优化工艺。同时以1,1-二苯基-2-三硝基苯肼(1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl,DPPH)自由基和羟基自由基清除率为指标,通过单因素试验,筛选最佳酶并考察加酶量、pH值、时间、温度等对产物抗氧化能力的影响。在单因素试验基础上,通过响应面分析法对酶解工艺进一步优化,同时建立酶解工艺的二次项数学模型并验证其可靠性。结果表明:中性蛋白酶为最适酶,酶解最佳工艺为:加酶量3170 U/g,pH 6.9,酶解时间4.9 h,酶解温度50℃,此时DPPH自由基和羟基自由基清除率分别为54.90%、41.03%,与理论值无显著差异,回归模型较可靠,抗氧化能力(oxygen radical absorbance capacity,ORAC)值为(0.53±0.03)μmol TE/mg,表明奇亚籽抗氧化肽具有良好的抗氧化活性。     

青鱼肉活性肽的制备及其抗肿瘤活性研究

以青鱼肉为原料,经二步酶解、凝胶色谱分离纯化制备抗氧化和抗肿瘤活性肽。首先以抗氧化活性和水解度为评价指标,采用单因素和正交试验优化青鱼肉活性肽的制备工艺;然后采用凝胶色谱进行分离纯化,得到不同分子质量多肽组分并分析其氨基酸组成、1,1-二苯基-2-三硝基苯肼(1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl,DPPH)自由基清除能力和抗肿瘤活性。结果表明,二步酶解青鱼肉的最优酶解组合为碱性蛋白酶-复合蛋白酶,最佳制备工艺为:pH 8.00、酶解温度50℃、料液比2∶10(g∶mL)、酶添加量6000 U/g、酶解时间3 h,在此条件的二步酶解物清除DPPH自由基的半抑制浓度(half inhibiting concentration,IC 50)为9.52 mg/mL;经Sephadex G-15分离得到5个肽组分,其分子质量范围为130~1397 Da;抗氧化实验表明,组分IV具有最强的DPPH自由基清除能力,其IC ₅₀为3.17 mg/mL,为二步水解物的3倍。细胞增殖抑制实验发现,10 mg/mL组分IV对HepG 2细胞抑制率为92.54%,表明青鱼肉活性肽同时具有抗氧化和抗肿癌活性。     

Reliable identification of grapevine rootstock varieties using RAPD PCR on woody samples

Since grapevine ( Vitis spp .) rootstock material is being traded increasingly as disbudded woody material a lack of distinctive morphological features on such material necessitates an alternative and reliable means of identification. Methods described here were developed for rapid and efficient extraction of DNA from woody samples rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides, and for subsequent identification of varieties by RAPD PCR. Using these methods, and with the application of only one selected RAPD primer, we were able to differentiate sixteen rootstock varieties, including the seven varieties most commonly used in Germany. Problems commonly encountered with reproducibility of RAPD patterns were avoided by choosing primers with a dinucleotide sequence and a high G/C content that allowed a rather high annealing temperature of 45°C. Methods described here should also be useful for other horticultural crops, especially those with woody tissues rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides.     

An internet compendium of analytical methods and spectroscopic information for monomers and additives used in food packaging plastics

An internet website (http://cpf.jrc.it/smt/) has been produced as a means of dissemination of methods of analysis and supporting spectroscopic information on monomers and additives used for food contact materials (principally packaging). The site which is aimed primarily at assisting food control laboratories in the European Union contains analytical information on monomers, starting substances and additives used in the manufacture of plastics materials. A searchable index is provided giving PM and CAS numbers for each of 255 substances. For each substance a data sheet gives regulatory information, chemical structures, physico-chemical information and background information on the use of the substance in particular plastics, and the food packaging applications. For monomers and starting substances (155 compounds) the infra-red and mass spectra are provided, and for additives (100 compounds); additionally proton NMR are available for about 50% of the entries. Where analytical methods have been developed for determining these substances as residual amounts in plastics or as trace amounts in food simulants these methods are also on the website. All information is provided in portable document file (PDF) format which means that high quality copies can be readily printed, using freely available Adobe Acrobat Reader software. The website will in future be maintained and up-dated by the European Commission's Joint Research Centre (JRC) as new substances are authorized for use by the European Commission (DG-ENTR formerly DGIII). Where analytical laboratories (food control or other) require reference substances these can be obtained free-ofcharge from a reference collection housed at the JRC and maintained in conjunction with this website compendium.     

Aroma characterization of various apricot varieties using headspace–solid phase microextraction combined with gas chromatography–mass spectrometry and gas chromatography–olfactometry

The characterization of the aromatic profile of several apricot cultivars with molecular tracers in order to obtain objective data concerning the aromatic quality of this fruit was undertaken using headspace–solid phase microextraction (HS–SPME). Six apricot cultivars were selected according to their organoleptic characteristics: Iranien, Orangered, Goldrich, Hargrand, Rouge du Roussillon and A4025. The aromatic intensity of these varieties measured by HS–SPME–Olfactometry were defined and classified according to the presence and the intensity of grassy, fruity and apricot like notes. In the six varieties, 23 common volatile compounds were identified by HS–SPME–GC–MS. Finally, 10 compounds, ethyl acetate, hexyl acetate, limonene, β-cyclocitral, γ-decalactone, 6-methyl-5-hepten-2-one, linalool, β-ionone, menthone and (E)-hexen-2-al were recognized by HS–SPME–GC–O as responsible of the aromatic notes involved in apricot aroma and considered as molecular tracers of apricot aromatic quality which could be utilized to discriminate apricot varieties.     

Tests of potential functional barriers for laminated multilayer food packages. Part I: Low molecular weight permeants

The advent of the functional barrier concept in food packaging has brought with it a requirement for fast tests of permeation through potential barrier materials. In such tests it would be convenient for both foodstuffs and materials below the functional barrier (sub-barrier materials) to be represented by standard simulants. By means of inverse gas chromatography, liquid paraffin spiked with appropriate permeants was considered as a potential simulant of sub-barrier materials based on polypropylene (PP) or similar polyolefins. Experiments were performed to characterize the kinetics of the permeation of low molecular weight model permeants (octene, toluene and isopropanol) from liquid paraffin, through a surrogate potential functional barrier (25 μm-thick oriented PP) into the food simulants olive oil and 3% (w/v) acetic acid. These permeation results were interpreted in terms of three permeation kinetic models regarding the solubility of a particular model permeant in the post-barrier medium (i.e. the food simulant). The results obtained justify the development and evaluation of liquid sub-barrier simulants that would allow flexible yet rigorous testing of new laminated multilayer packaging materials.     

Analysis of benzo[a]pyrene in spiked fatty foods by second derivative synchronous spectrofluorimetry after microwave-assisted treatment of samples

A simple, rapid and inexpensive method has been developed for the determination of benzo[a     

The development of reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel. II: Certification study

This paper describes the second part of a project undertaken to develop certified mussel reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins. In the first part two interlaboratory studies were undertaken to investigate the performance of the analytical methodology for several PSP toxins, in particular saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in lyophilized mussels, and to set criteria for the acceptance of results to be applied during the certification exercise. Fifteen laboratories participated in this certification study and were asked to measure saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in rehydrated lyophilized mussel material and in a saxitoxin-enriched mussel material. The participants were allowed to use a method of their choice but with an extraction procedure to be strictly followed. The study included extra experiments to verify the detection limits for both saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin. Most participants (13 of 15) were able to meet all the criteria set for the certification study. Results for saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of <0.07 mg/kg in the rehydrated lyophilized mussels. Results obtained for decarbamoyl-saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of 1.59+/-0.20 mg/kg. The results for saxitoxin.2HCl in enriched blank mussel yielded a certified mass fraction of 0.48 +/- 0.06 mg/kg. These certified reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel material are the first available for laboratories to test their method for accuracy and performance.     

Announcing a new international peer-reviewed journal:Food Science and Human Wellness now accepting manuscript submission in English

<正>We are pleased to announce the launch of a new international peer-reviewed journal-Food Science and Human Wellness,ISSN 2213-4530,which is an open access journal,produced and hosted by Elsevier B.V.on behalf of Beijing Academy of Food Sciences.Food Science and Human Wellness is an international peer-reviewed English journal that provides a forum for the dissemination of the     

Chinese CTP Market

According to Printing and Printing Equipment Industries Association of China（PEIAC）＇s statistics to the plate manufucturer in China, in 2013, the actual offset plate production has reached 346 million square meters in China. Among them, the CTP production volume was 245 million square meters, up by 11% than that of last year; the total sales of the CTP plate was 239 million square meters, up by 13%.     

Preparatory Work of Print China 2015 is Going Smoothly

正Held at Guangdong Modern International Exhibition Center,Print China 2015 will cover 7exhibition halls,besides the original Hall No.3,4,5,6,7,the newly built F zone of Hall 3 will be used too.The total area will be140,000 square meters.Hall 3:Offset and large printing equipment,package printing equipment,post press