光子晶体在食品有害物检测中的应用及展望

光子晶体是一种具有周期性介电结构的新材料,具有独特的光学性质及天然的结构色,且可对响应信号进行自表达,因此作为一种新型可视化检测材料在食品安全检测领域具有广阔的应用前景。由于食品安全事件频频发生,能够实现实时快速可视化的检测食品中有害物质显得尤为重要。主要讲述光子晶体技术在食品中有害物质的检测方面的应用现状及对其未来发展前景的展望。     

金属有机框架材料在食品检测中应用的研究进展

食品安全问题始终是社会关注的热点之一。为保障食品安全和人类健康,对食品污染物进行检测是控制和消除其所造成风险的关键。因此,开发灵敏、准确的食品污染物检测方法具有十分重要的意义。金属有机框架（metal-organic frameworks,MOFs）是一类由金属离子或金属团簇与有机配体自组装而成的新型多孔晶体材料,具有孔隙率高、比表面积大、结构可调、功能多样等优点,越来越受到学界关注。MOFs可与多种检测技术、样品前处理技术相结合,在食品检测方面具有广泛的应用前景。本文综述了近些年MOFs及其复合物材料在食品检测中应用的研究进展,主要包括作为传感检测材料和作为色谱法样品前处理材料应用的研究,同时对其在食品安全领域中存在的应用问题进行了总结,并展望了其在食品安全领域未来的研究方向。     

食品包装中残留有害物迁移行为分析

现如今,食品安全问题是社会大众关注的热点话题,食品包装质量与食品安全息息相关。本文以食品包装中残留有害物作为研究对象,分别从水性和酸性食品模拟液、酒精类食品模拟液、脂肪类食品模拟液的角度,研究食品包装材料中残留有害物的迁移行为。     

分子印迹仿生光子晶体的制备及其在己烯雌酚检测中的应用

探讨分子印迹仿生光子晶体的制备及其在己烯雌酚残留检测应用的可行性。方法采用悬浮聚合法、垂直沉降法等方法制备出性能稳定的分子印迹仿生光子晶体。结果分子印迹仿生光子晶体对己烯雌酚残留最低响应浓度为10 ng/mL,并展现出较高的响应特异性。结论将分子印迹技术与光子晶体结合可发展出一种高性能检测材料,即分子印迹仿生光子晶体,不仅具有制备简单、制备材料低廉等优势而且具有较高的检测性能。     

我国研制出新型食品安全快速检测仪

据《食品科学》讯，近日在军事医学科学院卫生学环境医学研究所，研制出一种新型食品安全快速检测仪，在15s～30min完成一次食品样品的检测。该设备适用于肉类水分、蔬菜残留农药、酒中的甲醇和肉制品中的亚硝酸盐含量等30多种食品中有害物的检测。检测仪具有快速、体积小、携带方便等优点，可广泛应用于卫生防疾、出入境、部队、学校和宾馆等进行食品安全现场监督管理。这一成果，对提高我国食品卫生监督检测能力和处理食品安全突发事件的应急能力，预防和应急处理重大食品污染、食品中毒事件将发挥重要作用。     

基于光子晶体结构生色纤维的研究进展

为制备色彩饱和度高、不易褪色且制备过程环境友好的多彩纤维,研究人员开发了多种相关的技术,其中光子晶体形成的结构色纤维具有优良的特性。因此对近年来国内外关于光子晶体结构色纤维的研究进行了回顾,综述了组成结构色纤维的多维光子晶体的生色原理,重点总结了光子晶体结构色纤维的主要制备方法,包括传统纤维外部着色法、模板法组装和不同纺丝技术形成结构色纤维。大量的研究表明,光子晶体作为结构生色技术的基础材料,促进了光子晶体结构色纤维研究的蓬勃发展。此外,综述了多功能结构色纤维在穿戴、检测、传感等领域的研究和应用进展,分析了光子晶体纤维设计和应用的瓶颈问题,并对其未来发展趋势进行了展望。光子晶体纤维的机械性能、优异的色彩饱和度等光学性能和尺寸均匀性使其在可穿戴、传感、生物检测、环境响应等领域具有很好的应用前景。     

食品安全分析中常用的样品前处理技术

食品基质复杂且有害物浓度较低,因而在食品安全分析检验中,样品前处理技术是关键。为提高食品安全检测中的分析效率和准确度,各种样品前处理技术不断地出现,极大地提高了食品分析的效率。本文总结近年来食品分析检测中常用的样品前处理技术,其中有液液萃取法、固相萃取法等传统前处理技术及固相微萃取法、磁性固相萃取技术、QuEChERS等新技术。     

免疫传感器及其在食品安全检测中的研究进展

近些年来,食品安全事件频发,已影响到国计民生的稳定,食品安全问题需要灵敏高效的检测技术来严格把控。免疫传感器具有灵敏度高、特异性强、成本低、检测时间短、操作简便和便于推广等一系列显著的优点而成为研究的热点,且在医学、环境及食品安全检测等各个领域内均有极为广泛的应用。本文简要综述了免疫传感器的原理和主要类型,重点探讨了该检测技术在食品中农药、兽药、生物毒素及病原微生物四类有害物检测的研究现状,并对其未来的发展趋势进行了展望。     

分子印迹光子晶体传感器的制备及其对酒类食品中邻苯二甲酸二丁酯的快速检测

以邻苯二甲酸二丁酯(dibutyl phthalate,DBP)为目标分析物,结合分子印迹技术与光子晶体,构建基于分子印迹光子晶体凝胶膜(molecularly imprinted photonic hydrogels,MIPHs)的传感器用于酒类中的DBP快速检测。最佳条件下,构建的传感器对DBP的响应时间为3 min,当DBP质量浓度为0.01～0.1 mg/L时,MIPHs的衍射峰位移与DBP质量浓度呈良好的线性关系(R²=0.992 0),检出限为0.01 mg/L(R_SN=3)。采用制备的MIPHs对白酒中DBP分子进行检测,对DBP的加标回收率在95.60%～103.20%之间。研究表明,制备的DBP分子印迹光子晶体传感器具有操作简便、响应快速、选择性高和成本低的优点,在酒类中有害物的安全快速筛查检测具有广阔的应用前景。     

生物芯片在食品安全检测中的应用研究进展

近年来,食品安全问题层出不穷,严重危害了人们的身体健康,这类问题的根除依赖于迅速发展的科学技术。而生物芯片凭借高通量、高灵敏度、自动化、样品用量少和检测结果快速直观等十分明显的优势,在食品安全检测中应用广泛。本文简要综述了生物芯片的原理和基本制作流程,重点探讨该技术在检测病原微生物、有害物污染或残留、转基因食品和过敏原食品领域中的应用现状,指出目前生物芯片依然存在的不足,并对未来发展的主要趋势做出展望。     

Reliable identification of grapevine rootstock varieties using RAPD PCR on woody samples

Since grapevine ( Vitis spp .) rootstock material is being traded increasingly as disbudded woody material a lack of distinctive morphological features on such material necessitates an alternative and reliable means of identification. Methods described here were developed for rapid and efficient extraction of DNA from woody samples rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides, and for subsequent identification of varieties by RAPD PCR. Using these methods, and with the application of only one selected RAPD primer, we were able to differentiate sixteen rootstock varieties, including the seven varieties most commonly used in Germany. Problems commonly encountered with reproducibility of RAPD patterns were avoided by choosing primers with a dinucleotide sequence and a high G/C content that allowed a rather high annealing temperature of 45°C. Methods described here should also be useful for other horticultural crops, especially those with woody tissues rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides.     

An internet compendium of analytical methods and spectroscopic information for monomers and additives used in food packaging plastics

An internet website (http://cpf.jrc.it/smt/) has been produced as a means of dissemination of methods of analysis and supporting spectroscopic information on monomers and additives used for food contact materials (principally packaging). The site which is aimed primarily at assisting food control laboratories in the European Union contains analytical information on monomers, starting substances and additives used in the manufacture of plastics materials. A searchable index is provided giving PM and CAS numbers for each of 255 substances. For each substance a data sheet gives regulatory information, chemical structures, physico-chemical information and background information on the use of the substance in particular plastics, and the food packaging applications. For monomers and starting substances (155 compounds) the infra-red and mass spectra are provided, and for additives (100 compounds); additionally proton NMR are available for about 50% of the entries. Where analytical methods have been developed for determining these substances as residual amounts in plastics or as trace amounts in food simulants these methods are also on the website. All information is provided in portable document file (PDF) format which means that high quality copies can be readily printed, using freely available Adobe Acrobat Reader software. The website will in future be maintained and up-dated by the European Commission's Joint Research Centre (JRC) as new substances are authorized for use by the European Commission (DG-ENTR formerly DGIII). Where analytical laboratories (food control or other) require reference substances these can be obtained free-ofcharge from a reference collection housed at the JRC and maintained in conjunction with this website compendium.     

Aroma characterization of various apricot varieties using headspace–solid phase microextraction combined with gas chromatography–mass spectrometry and gas chromatography–olfactometry

The characterization of the aromatic profile of several apricot cultivars with molecular tracers in order to obtain objective data concerning the aromatic quality of this fruit was undertaken using headspace–solid phase microextraction (HS–SPME). Six apricot cultivars were selected according to their organoleptic characteristics: Iranien, Orangered, Goldrich, Hargrand, Rouge du Roussillon and A4025. The aromatic intensity of these varieties measured by HS–SPME–Olfactometry were defined and classified according to the presence and the intensity of grassy, fruity and apricot like notes. In the six varieties, 23 common volatile compounds were identified by HS–SPME–GC–MS. Finally, 10 compounds, ethyl acetate, hexyl acetate, limonene, β-cyclocitral, γ-decalactone, 6-methyl-5-hepten-2-one, linalool, β-ionone, menthone and (E)-hexen-2-al were recognized by HS–SPME–GC–O as responsible of the aromatic notes involved in apricot aroma and considered as molecular tracers of apricot aromatic quality which could be utilized to discriminate apricot varieties.     

Tests of potential functional barriers for laminated multilayer food packages. Part I: Low molecular weight permeants

The advent of the functional barrier concept in food packaging has brought with it a requirement for fast tests of permeation through potential barrier materials. In such tests it would be convenient for both foodstuffs and materials below the functional barrier (sub-barrier materials) to be represented by standard simulants. By means of inverse gas chromatography, liquid paraffin spiked with appropriate permeants was considered as a potential simulant of sub-barrier materials based on polypropylene (PP) or similar polyolefins. Experiments were performed to characterize the kinetics of the permeation of low molecular weight model permeants (octene, toluene and isopropanol) from liquid paraffin, through a surrogate potential functional barrier (25 μm-thick oriented PP) into the food simulants olive oil and 3% (w/v) acetic acid. These permeation results were interpreted in terms of three permeation kinetic models regarding the solubility of a particular model permeant in the post-barrier medium (i.e. the food simulant). The results obtained justify the development and evaluation of liquid sub-barrier simulants that would allow flexible yet rigorous testing of new laminated multilayer packaging materials.     

Chlorohydrins of bisphenol A diglycidyl ether (BADGE) and of bisphenol F diglycidyl ether (BFDGE) in canned foods and ready-to-drink coffees from the Japanese market

BADGE.2HCl and BFDGE.2HCl were determined in 28 samples of ready-to-drink canned coffee and 18 samples of canned vegetables (10 corn, 5 tomatoes and 3 others), all from the Japanese market. HPLC was used as the principal analytical method and GCMS for confirmation of relevant LC fractions. BADGE.2HCl was found to be present in one canned coffee and five samples of corn, BFDGE.2HCl in four samples of canned tomatoes and in one canned corn. No sample was found which exceeded the 1mg/kg limit of the EU for the BADGE chlorohydrins. However the highest concentration was found for the sum of BFDGE.2HCl and BFDGE.HCl.H₂O at a level of 1.5mg/kg. A Beilstein test confirmed that all cans containing foods contaminated with BADGE.2HCl or BFDGE.2HCl had at lest one part coated with a PVC organosol.     

European priorities for research to support legislation in the area of food contact materials and articles

A strong science base is required to underpin the planning and decision-making process involved in determining future European community legislation on materials and articles in contact with food. Significant progress has been made in the past 5 years in European funded work in this area, with many developments contributing to a much better understanding of the migration process, and better and simpler approaches to food control. In this paper this progress is reviewed against previously identified work-areas (identified in 1994) and conclusions are reached about future requirements for R&D to support legislation on food contact materials and articles over the next 5 or so years.     

Analysis of benzo[a]pyrene in spiked fatty foods by second derivative synchronous spectrofluorimetry after microwave-assisted treatment of samples

A simple, rapid and inexpensive method has been developed for the determination of benzo[a     

The development of reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel. II: Certification study

This paper describes the second part of a project undertaken to develop certified mussel reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins. In the first part two interlaboratory studies were undertaken to investigate the performance of the analytical methodology for several PSP toxins, in particular saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in lyophilized mussels, and to set criteria for the acceptance of results to be applied during the certification exercise. Fifteen laboratories participated in this certification study and were asked to measure saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in rehydrated lyophilized mussel material and in a saxitoxin-enriched mussel material. The participants were allowed to use a method of their choice but with an extraction procedure to be strictly followed. The study included extra experiments to verify the detection limits for both saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin. Most participants (13 of 15) were able to meet all the criteria set for the certification study. Results for saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of <0.07 mg/kg in the rehydrated lyophilized mussels. Results obtained for decarbamoyl-saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of 1.59+/-0.20 mg/kg. The results for saxitoxin.2HCl in enriched blank mussel yielded a certified mass fraction of 0.48 +/- 0.06 mg/kg. These certified reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel material are the first available for laboratories to test their method for accuracy and performance.     

Announcing a new international peer-reviewed journal:Food Science and Human Wellness now accepting manuscript submission in English

<正>We are pleased to announce the launch of a new international peer-reviewed journal-Food Science and Human Wellness,ISSN 2213-4530,which is an open access journal,produced and hosted by Elsevier B.V.on behalf of Beijing Academy of Food Sciences.Food Science and Human Wellness is an international peer-reviewed English journal that provides a forum for the dissemination of the