C2Cl6除气剂-超声场联合处理对铝合金氢含量及力学性能的影响

研究了C2Cl6除气剂-超声联合处理对铝合金(Al-3.06%Si,Al-3.21%Mg和2024合金)氢含量及2024合金力学性能的影响。结果表明:联合处理可大幅度缩短超声除气时间。联合除气后对2024合金力学性能影响很大:铸锭的抗拉强度及延伸率比未除气时分别提高了28.3%及92.3%(最大增幅),除气处理对2024合金的屈服强度影响很小,仅提高6.7%(最大增幅)。另外,除气后断裂方式从脆性断裂向微孔聚集型断裂转变,最终提高了力学性能。     

Weibull analysis of fluidity and hardness of ultrasonically degassed secondary Al7Si0.3Mg aluminum alloy

The influence of ultrasonic degassing process on fluidity and hardness of secondary Al7Si0.3Mg alloy castings was studied by Weibull analysis. This work makes a contribution about fluidity and hardness distribution of secondary aluminum alloys with ultrasonic degassing phenomena using a two-parameter form of Weibull analysis. Results show that both hardness and fluidity of alloy are improved after the ultrasonic degassing process. Average efficiency of ultrasonic degassing on fluidity measurements is 31.71%, whereas on hardness values is 8.48%. The Brinell hardness of 45.7 and fluidity of 19.5 of Weibull modulus were achieved as the most reliable and reproducible after 45 s ultrasonic degassing process against 15 s and 30 s ultrasonic degassing processes. The value of 70.08 HB is obtained from ultrosonic degassing, which is equivalent to sand casting of primary Al7Si0.3Mg aluminum alloy, and the highest value of 56.4 cm for 45 s after ultrasonic degassing of fluidity was measured.

     

超声场作用下Mg-3Ca合金除气及细化的工艺研究

对Mg-3Ca合金熔体进行超声处理来研究超声功率、施振时间和施振温度对合金除气及凝固组织的影响。结果表明,采用超声波处理技术,可以有效去除Mg-3Ca合金熔体中的气体,从而提高铸锭的致密度。超声除气效果与施振功率、处理时间及处理温度密切相关。当施振功率过小、处理时间过短或过长及处理温度过高或过低均不会有良好的除气效果。熔体处理温度为:700℃,超声功率为150W,处理时间为120s时除气效果最好,除气率可达53.8%。另外,超声波在去除熔体中气体的同时,也使得铸锭的凝固组织变得细小、均匀。粗大的树枝晶不利于气泡的上浮和熔体补缩;而均匀、细小的等轴晶则有利于这一点。     

Relation Between ‘As-Cast’ and ‘As-heat-treated’ Tensile Properties of A1-4.5% Cu

Abstract

The author attempts to examine the relationship between the ‘as-cast’ and ‘as-heat-treated’ properties of Al-4.5% Cu. The work shows that conclusions were drawn with respect to other variables, such as effect of degassing by C₂Cl₆; grain refining by 0.1 % Ti and 0.05% B, and chilling on both as-cast and as-heat-treated properties.     

功率超声对铸造7050合金中显微疏松的影响

通过传振工具杆对铝熔体进行超声振动处理,探讨了不同的超声功率对7050铝合金铸锭中显微疏松形成的影响.结果表明,经超声处理的铸锭,不仅显微疏松明显减少,而且显微疏松的最大尺寸也明显减小.当其他条件相同,超声功率为200 W时,晶粒细化效果最好,超声功率为240 W时除气效率最高,当超声功率为240 W时,抑制显微疏松形成的效果最佳,铸锭中横截面处显微疏松减少了14.3%～47.9%,中心显微疏松也减小了26.3%～45.0%,这表明超声的细化晶粒和除气作用对抑制显微疏松的形成起了关键作用,而除气起主导作用.此外,工具杆下方的声流效应显著,其对促进液体补缩抑制中心疏松的形成起了积极作用.     

Carbon-coated silver nanoparticles dispersed in a 2024 aluminum alloy produced by mechanical milling

Aluminum-based nanocomposites were produced by dispersing different contents of carbon-coated silver nanoparticles (Ag-C NP) into a 2024 aluminum alloy (Al₂₀₂₄). After milling nanostructures about 100 nm grain sizes were obtained. Increment in mechanical properties was observed in all composites synthesized. The reinforcement nanoparticles were distributed homogeneously into the Al₂₀₂₄ matrix by mechanical milling process. The yield strength (σ_y) and Brinell hardness (HB), of the nanocomposites increased as the nanoparticles content was increased as well.     

Effects of C<Subscript>2</Subscript>Cl<Subscript>6</Subscript> addition on grain refinement and mechanical properties of AZ31 magnesium alloy

Grain refining effects of C₂Cl₆ addition were investigated using AZ31 magnesium alloy. The addition of C₂Cl₆ to AZ31 magnesium alloy significantly reduced the grain size from 280 μm to about 120 μm, and the tensile properties were also increased due to grain refinement. EPMA analysis showed that apparent segregation of carbon element occurred in AZ31 castings treated with carbon. It was considered that the carbon might also have strong segregating power that restricts the grain growth and affects the constitutional undercooling, which in turn results in grain refining effects.     

SiCp/Al复合材料与Fe36Ni合金超声波钎焊

利用超声波钎焊方法使用ZnAlSi钎料实现了Fe36Ni合金与45%SiC_p/2024Al和55%SiC_p/A356两种复合材料的连接,并得到由SiC颗粒增强的复合焊缝.通过扫描电镜、能谱等方法对焊缝的微观结构以及断口形貌进行了观察,对接头的压剪强度进行了测试,分析了Fe36Ni与两种复合材料钎焊接头微观组织和接头强度的差异.结果表明,在Fe36Ni与两种复合材料的钎缝中,钎料与两侧母材界面均形成良好的冶金结合,SiC颗粒均匀分布于焊缝中.Fe36Ni与45%SiC_p/2024Al的接头抗剪强度为110~145 MPa,Fe36Ni与55%SiC_p/A356的接头抗剪强度为75~85 MPa.Fe36Ni与45%SiC_p/2024Al的接头断裂位置为钎缝中,而Fe36Ni与55%SiC_p/A356的接头断裂位置位于Fe36Ni与钎料的界面上.     

Non-isothermal aging behavior of in-situ AA2024−Al3NiCu composite

The effect of non-isothermal aging treatment on microstructure and mechanical properties of in-situ AA2024?Al₃NiCu composite fabricated by the stir casting process was examined. The Al₃NiCu intermetallic was created by adding 3 wt.% nickel powder during stir casting and homogenization treatment at 500 °C for 24 h after casting. The microstructural results obtained using optical and scanning electron microscope indicate that, after non-isothermal aging treatment, the S-Al₂CuMg precipitates become finer, forming a poor zone of this precipitate in the area between the dendrites. Also, adding nickel during stir casting reduces the precipitation rate and the contribution of S-Al₂CuMg precipitates in strengthening composite during non-isothermal aging. The maximum hardness, ultimate tensile strength, and toughness achieved in the 3 wt.% nickel-containing sample after non-isothermal aging at 250 °C are (121.30±4.21) HV, (221.67±8.31) MPa, and (1.67±0.08) MJ/m³, respectively. The maximum hardness and ultimate tensile strength of AA2024?Al₃NiCu composite are decreased by 6% and 4%, respectively, compared to those of nickel-free AA2024 aluminum alloy.     

Microstructure and Strength of Al2O3 and Carbon Fiber Reinforced 2024 Aluminum Alloy Composites

The microstructure and mechanical properties of 2024 aluminum alloy composite materials strengthened with Al₂O₃ Saffil fibers or together with addition of carbon fibers were investigated. The fibers were stabilized in the preform with silica binder strengthened by further heat treatment. The preforms with 80-90% porosity were infiltrated by direct squeeze casting method. The microstructure of the as-cast specimens consisted mainly of α-dendrites with intermetallic compounds precipitated at their boundaries. The homogenization treatment of the composite materials substituted silica binder with a mixture of the Θ phase and silicon precipitates distributed in the remnants of SiO₂ amorphous phase. Outside of this area at the binder/matrix interface, fine MgO precipitates were also present. At surface of C fibers, a small amount of fine Al₃C₄ carbides were formed. During pressure infiltration of preforms containing carbon fibers under oxygen carrying atmosphere, C fibers can burn releasing gasses and causing cracks initiated by thermal stress. The examination of tensile and bending strength showed that reinforcing of aluminum matrix with 10-20% fibers improved investigated properties in the entire temperature range. The largest increase in relation to unreinforced alloy was observed for composite materials examined at the temperature of 300 °C. Substituting Al₂O₃ Saffil fibers with carbon fibers leads to better wear resistance at dry condition with no relevant effect on strength properties.     

2024铝合金超声辅助钎焊接头的微观组织演变及力学性能

对低温下采用Zn-5Al钎料超声辅助钎焊2024铝合金进行研究。在温度为400℃时,采用功率为200W、振幅为15μm、频率为21kHz的超声对试样实施连接。采用超声波来加速Al从母材到焊缝的溶解,从而改变接头的微观组织。同时,通过增加超声时间来降低接头中共晶组织的含量。当超声振动时间从3s增加到30s时,焊缝中共晶相的含量从12.9%减少到0.9%剪切强度提高了20%,并且,当超声振动时间为30s时,接头的剪切强度达到最大为149-153MPa。为了研究接头力学性能的变化,测试了接头中各相的弹性模量和硬度,同时分析了不同超声振动时间下的接头断口形貌。     

Degassing effect of ultrasonic vibration in molten melt and semi-solid slurry of Al-Si alloys

In the process of semi-solid slurry preparation with direct ultrasonic vibration (UV) by dipping the horn into the melt, one of the questions is whether the gas content in the melt would be increased or not by the cavitation effect of ultrasonic vibration. By application of quantitative gas content measurement technique, this paper investigated the effect of the ultrasonic vibration on the gas content of both the melt and the semi-solid slurry of Al-Si alloys, and the variations of the gas contents in two kinds of aluminum alloys, i.e., A356 alloy and Al-20Si-2Cu-1Ni-0.6RE alloy (Al-20Si for short). The results show that ultrasonic vibration has an obvious degassing effect on the molten melt, especially on the semi-solid slurry of Al-Si alloy which is below the liquidus temperature by less than 20 ℃. The ultrasonic degassing efficiency of the A356 alloy decreases with the reduction of the initial gas content in the melt, and it is nearly unchanged for the Al-20Si alloy. The gas content of both alloys decreases when the ultrasonic vibration time is increased. The best vibration time for Al-20Si alloy at the liquid temperature of 710 ℃ and semi-solid temperature of 680 ℃ is 60 s and 90 s, respectively; and the degassing efficiency is 48% and 35%, respectively. The mechanism of ultrasonic degassing effect is discussed.     

Microstructural characterization and mechanical properties of friction surfaced AA2024−Ag composites

The effects of Ag on the microstructure, mechanical properties, and electrical conductivity of AA2024 aluminum alloy coating were investigated. It was fabricated by friction surfacing as an additive manufacturing process. To carry out this investigation, Ag was added by 5.3, 10.6, and 16.0 wt.% to an AA2024 consumable rod by inserting holes in it. It was found that due to the strengthening by solid solution and the formation of precipitates and intermetallic containing Ag, the driving force for grain growth is reduced and consequently the grain size of the coating is decreased. After artificial aging heat treatment, the electrical conductivities of the coatings containing 0 and 16.0 wt.% Ag are increased by 4.15% (IACS) and decreased by 2.15% (IACS), respectively. While considering a linear relationship, it can be proposed that for a 1 wt.% Ag increase, the strength and hardness of the coating will be increased by 1.8% and 1.0%, respectively. It was established that the effect of Al₆(Cu,Ag)Mg₄ precipitate formation on strengthening is greater than that of Ag-rich intermetallic.     

高功率超声外场下7050合金中的显微疏松

通过对超声波发生器的优化,研究了高功率超声波对7050铝合金铸锭中显微疏松形成的影响.试验结果表明,高功率超声处理的铸锭的组织更加致密,声流效应更加显著.在试验所用超声功率范围内,超声功率为2600W时除气效率最高,抑制显微疏松形成的效果最佳,铸锭中横截面处显微疏松百分比减少了30.4%-56.3%,中心显微疏松的百分比也减小了31.1%-53.3%,这表明高功率超声振动能极大降低显微疏松的形成.     

2024铝合金粉末选区激光熔化成形工艺研究

采用自主研发的金属增材制造设备对2024铝合金粉末进行了选区激光熔化成形,研究了不同工艺参数下该合金的显微组织及室温拉伸性能。结果表明,激光功率为260 W,扫描速度900 mm/s,扫描间隔0.12 mm时,2024铝合金显微组织细小,结构致密,抗拉强度为372 MPa,伸长率为6.1%,具有较高的室温力学性能。     

Weibull analysis of fluidity and hardness of ultrasonical y degassed secondary Al7Si0.3Mg aluminum alloy

The influence of ultrasonic degassing process on fluidity and hardness of secondary Al7 Si0.3 Mg alloy castings was studied by Weibull analysis. This work makes a contribution about fluidity and hardness distribution of secondary aluminum alloys with ultrasonic degassing phenomena using a two-parameter form of Weibull analysis. Results show that both hardness and fluidity of alloy are improved after the ultrasonic degassing process. Average efficiency of ultrasonic degassing on fluidity measurements is 31.71%, whereas on hardness values is 8.48%. The Brinell hardness of 45.7 and fluidity of 19.5 of Weibull modulus were achieved as the most reliable and reproducible after 45 s ultrasonic degassing process against 15 s and 30 s ultrasonic degassing processes. The value of 70.08 HB is obtained from ultrosonic degassing, which is equivalent to sand casting of primary Al7 Si0.3 Mg aluminum alloy, and the highest value of 56.4 cm for 45 s after ultrasonic degassing of fluidity was measured.     

体育器材用TiAl3/AlSi11Cu3铝合金组织和力学性能优化

利用超声振动法制备体育器材用AlSi11Cu3铝合金,通过添加K₂TiF₆粉末原位反应生成TiAl₃增强相的方法对铝合金进行颗粒增强,研究了超声功率和颗粒增强对AlSi11Cu3铝合金微观组织和力学性能的影响。试验结果表明,最佳的超声功率为1 kW,超声振动和TiAl₃增强相的引入能明显细化铝合金组织,大幅提升铝合金的拉伸性能和硬度,抗拉强度、伸长率和硬度分别提升了33.9%、23.6%和38.8%,断裂特征由准解理断裂逐渐向韧性断裂转变。     

Electron beam welding of SiCp/2024 and 2219 aluminum alloy

SiC_p/2024 matrix composites reinforced with SiC particles and 2219 aluminum alloy were joined via centered electron beam welding and deflection beam welding, respectively, and the microstructures and mechanical properties of these joints were investigated. The results revealed that SiC particle segregation was more likely during centered electron beam welding (than during deflection beam welding), and strong interface reactions led to the formation of many Al₄C₃ brittle intermetallic compounds. Moreover, the tensile strength of the joints was 104 MPa. The interface reaction was restrained via deflection electron beam welding, and only a few Al₄C₃ intermetallic compounds formed at the top of the joint and heat affected zone of SiC_p/Al. Quasi-cleavage fracture occurred at the interface reaction layer of the base metal. Both methods yielded a hardness transition zone near the SiC_p/2024 fusion zone,and the brittle intermetallic Al₄C₃compounds formed in this zone resulted in high hardness.     

Effect of aging time and temperature on exfoliation corrosion of aluminum alloys 2024‐T3 and 7075‐T6

Two types of aluminum alloys, 2024‐T3 and 7075‐T6, have been selected in this study to investigate the effect of metallurgical aspects on exfoliation corrosion. To determine and evaluate the metallurgical effects of heat treatments on corrosion behaviour of these alloys, G34 ASTM test was selected to investigate the exfoliation corrosion behaviour. The results showed that with increasing the aging time for the aluminum alloy type 2024‐T3 the susceptibility to exfoliation corrosion increases, while for type 7075‐T6 decreased. These results refer to precipitation of the intermetallic compound phases such as CuAl₂, and MgZn₂, in 2024‐T3 and 7075‐T6 respectively. The amount of these phases increases with increasing the aging time for both alloys. The investigations showed the phases that initiate in 2024‐T3 act as anode sites while in 7075‐T6 they act as cathode sites.     

Effect of large cold deformation after solution treatment on precipitation characteristic and deformation strengthening of 2024 and 7A04 aluminum alloys

1Introduction Studies on thermomechanical treatment of aluminum alloy can date from the1960s[1,2].A great deal of achievements concerning this study has been obtained after near40years of development[3?7].Among them,the achievement of intermediate thermom…