我国国家助学贷款的“瓶颈”问题及其对策建议

随着我国高教收费制度和学生资助政策的普遍实施，学生贷款制度作为资助政策的中心，已引起了社会各界的关注。然而自从1997年国家助学贷款试行到今天在全国范围的推广，效果并不理想。文章从我国助学贷款的性质分析入手，探讨学生贷款难的根本原因和制约助学贷款发展的“瓶颈”问题，提出了解决瓶颈问题的途径和策略。     

金融危机下国家助学贷款发展新趋向

当前的金融危机对我国的实体经济影响比较大，尤其是通过影响大学生就业情况影响国家助学贷款的实施情况，我国的国家助学贷款是无担保的信用贷款，其还款保障是学生的未来收入，金融危机下就业形势异常严峻，贷款学生还款压力巨大，国家助学贷款面临新的挑战。国家助学贷款发展的新趋向是设立诸如国家开发银行之类的政策性银行，专门负责承办教育贷款事宜，并成立专门服务于助学贷款的担保机构，严格助学贷款审批程序，并设计更合理的还款期限和还款方式。     

从学生视角看国家助学贷款成本的有效回收

随着高校贫困生比例逐年增高,国家为贫困生推出了国家助学贷款制度,这成为解决大学生学费问题的主要形式,但是,近年来助学贷款还贷违约现象已严重制约其发展,本文从大学生视角分析违约原因,提出了国家助学贷款成本有效回收的几项措施。     

当下大学生的诚信助学贷款的探究

国家开展助学贷款以来，很多经济困难的学生因此受益，顺利完成了学业。但近年来在还款上出现了学生不守诚信的违约现象，这给大学生和学校的整体形象都造成了不良的影响。本文结合大学生助学贷款情况调查，提出了打造大学生诚信助学贷款的对策。     

高校毕业生助学贷款违约成因与对策探析

文章通过对高校毕业生助学贷款还款违约行为的主要成因进行分析，并针对学生的违约行为提出对策：第一，要加强大学校园诚信教育的实施；第二，要加强社会诚信体系的构筑；第三，调整大学生助学贷款还款方式和归还期限。     

国家助学贷款存在的问题及对策研究

随着高校贫困生人数不断增加，原有的资助贫困生的政策已不能从根本上解决贫困生的问题。如何有效地解决贫困生上学交不起学费的问题引起社会广泛关注。作为资助贫困生最有效的国家助学贷款，对贫困生顺利完成学业发挥着重要作用。但是国家助学贷款工作在具体实施过程中却陷入了困境。文章探讨了在这一工作中出现的具有代表性的问题并提出了有效解决这些问题的对策。     

对国家助学贷款作用的调查和思考

贫困大学生是一个弱势群体，由于经济条件的限制，他们面临着比同龄人更多的困难，国家助学贷款很好的解决了他们的燃眉之急，给了他们很大的激励作用。     

泰隆小额信贷创新启示

在小额贷款领域，浙江一家地方银行很早就走在省内同行的前列，并取得了成功，这就是位于台州的浙江泰隆商业银行。泰隆的前身是成立于1993年的台州泰隆城市信用社，2006年改组成区域性股份制商业银行，成为浙江省唯一一家纯民营城市商业银行。2006年以来以来浙江泰隆商业银行在业务创新性的推出了个人小额信用贷款、商业助学贷款、道义担保贷款等小额信贷业务，引起业内同行的瞩目。     

高校贫困生心理状况初探

在国家助学政策和制度不断完善的前提下，国内高校也相应建立了系统的助学机制来保障贫困大学生在校期间的学习和生活。本文主要探讨了贫困大学生的心理特征、存在的问题以及原因分析，并根据实践探索解决问题的措施和办法。     

自考助学教学与管理模式创新研究

促进自考敦育的发展,自考助学教育与管理模式的改革创新不断深入发展,使自考教育更好地适应地方经济建设需要,已经日趋成为自考助学教育与管理模式的创新点。立足于自考助学教育与管理模式进行反思,首先阐释了我国自考现行自考助学教学与管理模式的现状及存在的问题,接着分析了自考助学教学与管理模式创新的重要性,并提出自考助学教学与管理模式创新措施。     

凝固科学技术与材料

从凝固科学与实践发展的角度介绍了当前凝固材料体系的基本框架和凝固科学主要发展阶段的基本理论。作为材料科学与工程的基本组成，凝固科学技术正在现代科学理论的基础上针对传统材料的改性提高和新材料的发展需求，以控形、控构、控性为目标开展优质铸件的定向、晶体生长、快凝、深过冷及各种新型和超常领域凝固过程的研究，并介绍了其中某些方面和展望了可能的发展趋势。     

Development and challenges of planning and scheduling for petroleum and petrochemical production

Production planning and scheduling are becoming the core of production management, which support the decision of a petrochemical company. The optimization of production planning and scheduling is attempted by every refinery because it gains additional profit and stabilizes the daily production. The optimization problem considered in industry and academic research is of different levels of realism and complexity, thus increasing the gap. Operation research with mathematical programming is a conventional approach used to address the planning and scheduling problem. Additionally, modeling the processes, objectives, and constraints and developing the optimization algorithms are significant for industry and research. This paper introduces the perspective of production planning and scheduling from the development viewpoint.     

江澳两地高校文创设计的协同研究与商业实践

目的 探索江门世遗文化的传承、发展和转化的新思路,践行国家在《粤港澳大湾区发展规划》纲要中要求江门承担与港澳地区文化创意合作与开发任务的分工。方法 与澳门高校紧密合作,开展专业培训课程,以开平碉楼为例,从人文视角开展设计研究,梳理开平碉楼的文化脉络,把世遗文化的元素和其背后的文化融入文创产品中,提升文创产品的附加值,推动当地文创产业结构的变革。结果 两地高校构建了稳定的科研团队,开设长期有效的设计培训课程,与景区建立了研究协作关系,帮助景区构建了一套产销研的商业模式。结论 以跨区域高校合作为平台,以文创产品为抓手,依托江澳两地的资源优势,可以构建江门世遗文化全新的品牌形象,最终推动开平世遗文化的活化。     

Error and uncertainty in modeling and simulation

This article develops a general framework for identifying error and uncertainty in computational simulations that deal with the numerical solution of a set of partial differential equations (PDEs). A comprehensive, new view of the general phases of modeling and simulation is proposed, consisting of the following phases: conceptual modeling of the physical system, mathematical modeling of the conceptual model, discretization and algorithm selection for the mathematical model, computer programming of the discrete model, numerical solution of the computer program model, and representation of the numerical solution. Our view incorporates the modeling and simulation phases that are recognized in the systems engineering and operations research communities, but it adds phases that are specific to the numerical solution of PDEs. In each of these phases, general sources of uncertainty, both aleatory and epistemic, and error are identified. Our general framework is applicable to any numerical discretization procedure for solving ODEs or PDEs. To demonstrate this framework, we describe a system-level example: the flight of an unguided, rocket-boosted, aircraft-launched missile. This example is discussed in detail at each of the six phases of modeling and simulation. Two alternative models of the flight dynamics are considered, along with aleatory uncertainty of the initial mass of the missile and epistemic uncertainty in the thrust of the rocket motor. We also investigate the interaction of modeling uncertainties and numerical integration error in the solution of the ordinary differential equations for the flight dynamics.     

Density and viscosity of tetralin and trans-decalin

New measurements are reported for the density and viscosity of tetralin and trans-decalin. The density was determined from room temperature to 60°C for tetralin and to 95°C for trans-decalin. The kinematic viscosity was measured up to temperatures slightly above 100°C. Our results improve upon the values recommended by the American Petroleum Institute for these liquids.     

The Candela and Photometric and Radiometric Measurements

The national measurement system for photometric and radiometric quantities is presently based upon techniques that make these quantities traceable to a high-accuracy cryogenic radiometer. The redefinition of the candela in 1979 provided the opportunity for national measurement laboratories to base their photometric measurements on optical detector technology rather than on the emission from high-temperature blackbody optical sources. The ensuing technical developments of the past 20 years, including the significant improvements in cryogenic radiometer performance, have provided the opportunity to place the fundamental maintenance of photometric quantities upon absolute detector based technology as was allowed by the 1979 redefinition. Additionally, the development of improved photodetectors has had a significant impact on the methodology in most of the radiometric measurement areas. This paper will review the status of the NIST implementation of the technical changes mandated by the 1979 redefinition of the candela and its effect upon the maintenance and dissemination of optical radiation measurements.     

Creation and motion of dislocations and fracture in metal and silicon crystals

By making a step on one surface ( ) of a rectangular small paralellepiped copper crystal, dislocations could be created by the molecular dynamic method. The dislocation created was not a complete edge dislocation but a pair of Heidenreich-Shockley partial dislocations. Each time a dislocation was created, the stress on the surface was released. Small copper crystals having a notch were pulled (until fracture), compressed and buckled by use of the molecular dynamic method. An embedded atom potential was used to represent the interaction between atoms. Dislocations were created near the tip of the notch. A very sharp yield stress was observed. The results of high speed deformations of pure silicon small crystals using the molecular dynamics are presented. The results suggest that plastic deformation may be possible for the silicon with a high speed deformation even at room temperature. Another small size single crystal, the same size and the same surfaces, was compressed using molecular dynamic method. The surfaces are {110}, {112} and {111}. The compressed direction was [111]. It was found that silicon crystals are possible to be compressed with a high speed deformation. This may suggest that silicon may be plastically deformed with high speed deformation.     

SMC／BMC的回收与再利用

SMC／BMC废弃物对工业及环境造成了很大影响，指出了SMC／BMC回收再利用的紧迫性。通过对目前国际上SMC／BMC回收再利用的3种典型途径优缺点的对比，参照国外SMC／BMC回收再利用的先进方法，对我国SMC／BMC回收再利用提供了可行的建议．