从鸡骨中制取明胶的加工工艺

以鸡腿骨为原料 ,采用碱法 (浸灰法 )制备鸡骨明胶。探讨了浸灰过程Ca(OH) 2 浓度、温度、浸灰时间对明胶提取率、明胶粘度和胶凝性的影响 ,同时优化提取工艺条件。试验表明 :明胶最佳提取条件为温度 70℃ ,pH 5。采用方差和响应面分析优化浸灰工艺条件为 :Ca(OH) 2 质量分数 0 1 % ,温度 1 0℃ ,浸灰时间 6d。浸灰处理可以去除杂蛋白 ,使明胶纯度有所提高 ,粘度和冻力都有所上升     

安康鱼皮中胶原蛋白的提取工艺研究

以安康鱼皮为原料,采用酶法提取胶原蛋白,用正交实验对安康鱼皮胶原蛋白提取工艺进行优化,并测定了安康鱼皮的基本组成成分和鱼皮胶原蛋白的氨基酸组成。结果表明,胃蛋白酶添加量为1%,料液比为1∶10,酶解时间6h,酶解温度为5℃时鱼皮胶原蛋白提取率最高,提取率为11.01%。     

鲢鱼皮明胶的提取制备工艺优化及其成膜性能研究

研究以鲢鱼加工副产物鱼皮为原料制备明胶,分别优化提取鱼皮明胶的酸法和酶法前处理工艺,并对所得明胶理化性质和成膜性能进行评价,探讨不同前处理方法对鱼皮明胶品质的影响。实验结果表明酶法提取所得明胶品质更好,酶解最佳工艺条件为:初始p H2.0、酶与底物比(w/w)0.004%、酶解30 min、提取温度50℃,提取时间1 h。在此基础上对明胶胶液的浓缩和干燥工艺进行优化,确定浓缩温度70℃、浓缩浓度20°Brix,热风干燥温度为40℃时可获得高性能且能耗低的明胶产品,为明胶的工业化生产提供理论依据。     

狭鳕鱼皮明胶提取工艺的研究

为了充分利用水产品加工废弃物狭鳕鱼皮,优化狭鳕鱼皮明胶提取工艺,通过单因素试验和响应曲面法对鱼皮明胶提取工艺进行优化。结果表明：狭鳕鱼皮明胶提取的最佳工艺条件为：氢氧化钠浓度0.10%、硫酸浓度0.21%、浸提时间12.1h,此条件下明胶的提取率为17.52%。     

鱼皮明胶的超高压辅助提取工艺

为建立鱼皮明胶清洁生产工艺,对超高压辅助提取鱼皮明胶进行系统研究,考察超高压处理压力、超高压作用时间、提取温度、提取时间对凝胶强度和提取率的影响。结果表明,较优提取工艺为处理压力300MPa、超高压时间10min、提取温度50～60℃、提取时间4h,在此条件下明胶凝胶强度可达274g,得率可达75.03%,溶解温度和凝胶温度分别为23.6℃和16.4℃。     

鮰鱼皮明胶的提取工艺研究

对鮰鱼皮基本成分及其鱼皮明胶的提取工艺进行研究.探讨盐酸浓度、料液比、提取温度和提取时间对鱼皮明胶得率的影响,在单因素试验的基础上,通过正交试验确定最佳提取工艺条件.结果表明:鱼皮明胶提取的最优条件为盐酸浓度 3.5%,料液比 1:4.0,提取温度 70℃,提取时间 4 h时,鱼皮胶的得率约为 12.15%.另外,还测定了鮰鱼皮的基本成分:水分 78.32%,灰分 1.24%,粗蛋白 16.84%,脂肪 3.23%和总糖 0.26%.     

纯碱法制备鸡皮明胶的工艺优化研究

对纯碱法提取鸡皮明胶进行研究,以碱浓度、浸碱时间、提胶温度、提胶时间为单因素,以提取率为响应值。鸡皮明胶碱法制备的最佳工艺条件为:碱浓度0.07 mol/L、浸碱时间30.00 h、提胶温度65.00℃、提胶时间2.00 h。此最佳条件下所得明胶的提取率为(12.03±0.47)%。     

罗非鱼皮明胶的制备及性质研究

以干燥的罗非鱼鱼皮为原料,经脱色溶胀后热水熬胶来制备明胶,通过正交实验法对罗非鱼鱼皮明胶的提取工艺进行优化,并分别对明胶黏度、吸水性、保水性、等电点和氨基酸组成进行了测定。结果表明,鱼皮明胶最佳提取工艺为氢氧化钠浓度2．0％,浸泡24h,盐酸的浓度为0．5％,浸泡4h时,熬胶温度在80℃,时间为8h,提取率为47．54％。     

鮰鱼皮明胶浸酸提取工艺条件优化

以斑点叉尾鮰鱼皮为原料,通过单因素实验考察硫酸浓度、浸酸料液比、浸酸时间对明胶提取率和凝胶强度的影响。在此基础上,采用Box-Behnken实验设计和响应面分析,对鮰鱼皮明胶提取酸过程中的浸酸工艺条件进行优化。经优化得到的鮰鱼皮明胶浸酸工艺条件为H2SO4浓度为0.4%、浸酸料液比(w/v)为1:14.6、浸酸时间为10.9h、在此条件下明胶的提取率为50.2%,凝胶强度为627.6g。验证实验在硫酸浓度0.4%、浸酸料液比(w/v)1:15、浸酸时间11h条件下,鮰鱼皮明胶提取率为50.1%,凝胶强度为630g。     

提取温度对罗非鱼皮明胶理化性质的影响

本研究以罗非鱼皮为原料,研究在不同温度(30、40、50、60、70、80、90℃)下提取的明胶所表现的得率、凝冻强度、聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳分析、傅里叶红外光谱分析、热变性温度、流变性性能等理化特征。结果表明,提取温度对鱼皮明胶的紫外吸收无明显影响;随着提取温度的升高,鱼皮明胶的得率逐渐增大,在提取温度为60~80℃时差异不显著(p>0.05),在90℃达到最大值(62.60%±0.84%);聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳图谱显示,较低温度(30、40、50℃)下提取的鱼皮明胶由α₁、α₂、β 3条肽链组成,提取温度升高后电泳条带强度降低;提取温度为50℃时,罗非鱼皮明胶的凝冻强度最大,高达(884.33±26.76)g;FTIR光谱显示,不同温度下提取的鱼皮明胶在酰胺区都具有特征吸收峰,在光谱中显示出微小的差异;不同温度下提取的鱼皮明胶的热变性温度分别为(101.05±2.97)、(104.35±3.54)、(107.59±0.37)、(97.80±4.21)、(95.35±2.60)、(92.52±3.15)、(89.66±1.23)℃;提取温度通过改变明胶的分子量大小影响明胶溶液内部贮藏能量的多少,进而对明胶溶液的流变性能产生影响。     

鮟鱇鱼皮胶原蛋白酶提取最优工艺研究与结构表征

为了研究提取鮟鱇鱼皮胶原蛋白的最优工艺,以鮟鱇鱼皮为研究对象,通过选取液料比、加酶量和酶解时间3个变量进行单因素试验,再根据Box-Behnken中心组合试验设计原理,在单因素基础上采用三因素三水平响应面分析法(RSM),制备胃蛋白酶酶促溶性胶原蛋白(PSC)并对其进行理化性质分析。结果表明：鮟鱇鱼皮胶原蛋白最优提取工艺条件是4℃、液料比18:1、加酶量3%、提取时间48h,此条件下鮟鱇鱼皮胶原蛋白提取率为2.11%;氨基酸分析得鱼皮中Arg和Tyr含量分别为16%和18%;差示扫描量热仪(DSC)测定PSC的热收缩温度为48.9℃;SDS-PAGE电泳显示胶原蛋白基本保留了三股螺旋结构;电子显微镜(SEM)扫描显示PSC呈多孔网状结构。     

兔皮明胶提取工艺优化

以兔皮为原料,研究稀盐酸短时诱导兔皮制备明胶的工艺。以明胶提取率和凝胶强度为评价指标,对兔皮明胶制备工艺中的盐酸质量分数、盐酸处理时间、提胶pH值、提胶温度4 个因素进行了优化,在此基础上通过正交试验确定最佳工艺为盐酸质量分数1%、盐酸处理时间10 min、提胶温度65 ℃、提胶pH 4。在此工艺条件下明胶提取率高达（86.85±1.71）%,凝胶强度为（481.43±16.89）g。明胶基本性质符合GB 6783-2013《食品添加剂：明胶》要求。     

罗非鱼皮明胶的过氧化氢法提取工艺

考察了过氧化氢的添加及其浓度、提取温度、提取时间等因素对罗非鱼皮明胶的提取率和明胶黏度的影响。采用响应面实验设计优化显著影响明胶提取率和明胶黏度的工艺参数,确定最佳提取工艺条件。实验优化结果为过氧化氢浓度0.07 mmol/g、提取温度53℃、提取时间4.6 h,此条件下明胶提取率达87.71%,黏度达8.90(mpa·s)。     

Extraction and properties of gelatin from channel catfish (Ietalurus punetaus) skin

Response surface method was used to determine the optimum operating conditions for extracting the gelatin from channel catfish skin. The optimal conditions for maximum gel strength are 68.8 h for the time of treatment with calcium hydroxide solution, 43.2 °C for the extraction temperature, 5.73 h for the extraction time with hot water. The gelatin from channel catfish skin showed a high gel strength, 276±5 g. Compare to porcine skin gelatin, the gelatin from channel catfish skin has different amino acids composition and a lower thermo-stability.     

Optimization of Gelatin Extraction from Silver Carp Skin

ABSTRACT:  Fish skins are a by-product of the fish processing industry that can be successfully processed into gelatin. This study was designed to optimize the extraction process to obtain the highest yield, gel strength, and viscosity for gelatin production from silver carp skin. A fractional factorial design (2 levels, resolution III, 2^9-5) was chosen to screen 9 parameters to determine the most significant ones. Those found to be significant were optimized to determine the maximum value for 3 dependent variables mentioned above. The hydroxyproline content and hydroxyproline/protein ratio of the skin were 1.7% and 6.5%, respectively. The protein content of the skin was 26%. The hydroxyproline content of the gelatin for the sample giving the highest hydroxyproline/protein ratio was 10.9%. This sample was arbitrarily called pure gelatin and the purity of the remaining samples was between 71.8% and 97%. The highest protein and gelatin recovery was 78.1% and 98.8% of the total available, respectively. The latter, gelatin recovery, is proposed to be used instead of protein yield. Four variables were determined as significant in screening and these variables were studied by a central composite rotatable design (4-factor and 5-level with 6 central points) to model the system and response surface methodology was used for optimization. The optimum extraction conditions were 50 °C for the extraction temperature, 0.1 N HCl for the acid concentration, 45 min for the acid pretreatment time, and finally 4 : 1 (v/w) for the water/skin ratio. The predicted responses for these extraction conditions were 630 g gel strength, 6.3 cP viscosity, and 80.8% gelatin recovery. The data suggest that silver carp skin gelatin is similar to those of fish gelatins currently being exploited commercially.     

Characterization of edible film fabricated with channel catfish (Ictalurus punctatus) gelatin extract using selected pretreatment methods

ABSTRACT:  Farm-raised catfish are important to the economy of the southeastern states in the United States, and catfish processing produces about 55% of by-products for inexpensive sale. Therefore, the utilization of catfish by-products is of great interest to the catfish industry. The objectives of this research were to determine the optimum pretreatment method to extract catfish gelatin for edible film application, and to characterize physical, mechanical, and barrier properties of edible films fabricated with catfish skin gelatin. Catfish skins obtained from a local plant were treated with 6 selected pretreatment methods. The main extraction was performed with deionized water at 50 °C after pretreatment. The gelatin yield was calculated and sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) was performed to characterize molecular weight (MW) profile. Color, tensile strength (TS), elongation, and water barrier property were determined to characterize the fabricated catfish gelatin films. From the results of gelatin yield, color, SDS-PAGE, as well as mechanical and barrier properties of the film, the pretreatment method with 0.25 M NaOH and 0.09 M acetic acid, followed by extraction at 50 °C for 3 h, was determined as the optimum extraction method. The catfish gelatin exhibited higher MW fractions than commercial mammalian gelatin. The catfish gelatin extracts possessed film-forming properties determined by TS, elongation, and water vapor permeability (WVP) comparable to those of commercial mammalian gelatin. The selected formula for catfish gelatin film was determined as 1% gelatin and 20% glycerol, resulting in greatest TS and lowest WVP.     

鮟鱇鱼皮微波膨化休闲食品的工艺研究

鮟鱇鱼肉鲜味美,将其加工制成方便食品,可以拓宽鮟鱇鱼加工方式,改善其加工品质,提高鮟鱇鱼的经济价值,丰富我国鱼类的市场品种,满足广大不同消费群体的需求。实验得出即食微波鮟鱇鱼皮休闲食品的最佳工艺条件为:鮟鱇鱼皮原料处理后含水量为20%,微波处理后终温120-140℃。此时,生产出的鮟鱇鱼皮休闲微波食品呈淡黄色,色泽均匀,味道鲜美,有香味,口感酥脆,生产的鮟鱇鱼休闲食品品质达到最佳。     

真鳕鱼骨明胶的提取工艺及性质研究

以真鳕鱼骨为原料对其明胶的提取工艺进行了研究。在单因素实验基础上,通过正交实验探讨HCl浓度、酸处理时间、提取温度和提取时间对鱼骨明胶得率的影响。结果表明:HCl浓度4%,酸处理时间18 h,提取温度70℃,提取时间8 h,明胶提取率最高,达98.02%。明胶在235 nm处有最大吸收。在上述提取条件下,得到的明胶经红外光谱检测失去三螺旋结构,在扫描电镜观察下明胶具有多孔的网状结构。     

高压辅助提取海蜇胶原蛋白的工艺

研究了高压辅助提取海蜇胶原蛋白的工艺条件。以胶原蛋白得率为指标,优化的工艺条件为:料液比(g∶mL)1∶4,高压功率250MPa,高压处理时间10min,热水处理温度70℃,热水提取时间1.5h。此条件下,海蜇胶原蛋白的得率为68.2%。此生产工艺操作简单,生产周期短,产品质量好和生产环保等优点。