防差错设计对轿车制造操作时间的影响

对生产中差错产生的可能因素及对生产过程的影响进行了简单的论述,并列举了轿车生产中的实例,说明产品和制造工艺的防差错设计对减少操作时间的作用及产生差错因素的可控制性。     

机电产品防差错设计理论

确立了防差错设计的指导思想,阐述了防差错设计的特点,根据差错可能出现的时间阶段明确了防差错设计的主要内容,归纳出防差错设计的几种主要方法,提出了一套较完整防差错设计体系.     

防人为差错，保航空安全

确保飞行安全是民航工作的永恒主题，是一项长期而艰巨的重要任务。根据美国安全工程师Heinrich“安全金字塔”法则，我们要保安全，首先要防“差错”。本文首先介绍什么是差错，管制差错原因等，然后根据自己实际工作经验，从管制指挥的本身介绍一下防控“差错”的方法。     

自动测试系统安全性可靠性设计方法研究

针对自动测试系统在安全性和可靠性设计方面存在诸多隐患,文章提出了防差错设计、上电安全设计、开关系统的保护设计和数据库安全设计等方法,从技术上消除人为差错的可能性,保障了测试数据的安全性,极大提高了自动测试系统的安全性和可靠性。     

浅谈防逆转保护装置的应用

本文结合《自动扶梯和自动人行道的制造安装安全规范》谈及了防逆转保护装置在自动扶梯中的应用,并对现有使用中的自动扶梯的防逆转保护装置所存在的缺陷提出个人的意见。     

设计和制造中的差错预防培训课程

设计和制造中的差错预防培训课程主要为工程技术人员和工作人员查找及预防差错的发生提供所需的技能,其主要优势在于消除或减少浪费以及降低运行成本、废品率及返工率。     

基于数字化车间的橡胶硫化制造管理系统的实现

针对橡胶制造硫化过程中温度波动对硫化时间的不良影响,以及人工填写纸质表单记录过程数据方式存在的工作量大、资源浪费、易产生人为差错等问题,通过开发数字化车间橡胶硫化制造管理系统,应用可编程控制技术、人机交互技术、数据自动采集技术,建立了管理系统的各子系统和模块。利用工控机、触摸屏、传感装置等获取了橡胶硫化过程的相关参数。采用人工智能、比例积分微分(Proportional, Integral, Derivative,简称PID)调节算法和可编程逻辑控制器(Programmable Logic Controller,简称PLC)对硫化温度、时间、压力进行精确调控,并通过工业以太网与工控机的通信,实现橡胶制造过程中硫化数据的自动采集和记录,形成无纸化管理模式,减少无效作业时间,降低人为差错的概率,使质量数据记录效率提升了约60倍,橡胶制造硫化过程的温度和时间得到了有效控制。     

会计追溯重述纠错方法的分析

关于会计差错纠正方法,新的会计准则中对"前期差错"作了明确的规定。很显然,仅凭这一规定,是不可能解决所有会计差错更正的。这里介绍一种财务的追溯重述纠正差错法。     

电源浪涌保护器及其应用

阐述了现代防浪涌技术对电力系统瞬态过电压防护的重要性。并对现代防浪涌技术与传统防浪涌技术进行了分析对比,较详细地介绍了浪涌保护器的应用及注意事项,对如何应用浪涌保护器提出了一些建设性的参考意见。     

航空机务维修差错的原因分析及预防

本文主要介绍了航空维修工作中维修差错的形成、类型及产生的原因,并结合工作实际提出预防维修差错的基本方法,从而减少维修差错的发生。     

Robust, Producible Design Process Evolution

Until about 10 years ago, design engineering and manufacturing at our company were separate organizations. Design engineers produced part designs for an integrated engine system and expected manufacturing to make and assemble the parts. Tolerance decisions were influenced by the arguing ability of each discipline along with historic precedent. Most form-fit-function characteristics were about 95% producible or two-sigma designs. Nonconformance control by a Material Review Board (MRB) was used by design engineering to monitor manufacturing quality. Although this process demonstrated the ability to produce excellent engines, it depended on inspecting in quality, multiple rework loops and resulting high cost.

This article will discuss the evolving process used to design engines that are producible and error proofed. Discussion will include the organizational structure supporting the needed culture change, the six-sigma impact of common terminology and data driven decisions, the structured approach using manufacturing process capability data to facilitate producibility, use of assembly defect and customer escape data to drive error-proofing early during the design process, and the focus on standardized notes and automated characteristic accountability for error prevention. Discussion will include examples demonstrating the significant improvements in quality and producibility accomplished by the new process.     

An empirical bayes strategy for analysing manufacturing data in real time

This paper discusses and develops a real-time strategy to monitor manufacturing process control data. The strategy presented in this paper is designed to intercept, analyse and monitor data as measurements are generated from a high-volume information-intensive manufacturing process. Empirical Bayes theory is used to develop a method to monitor and analyse continuous type measurements generated by a manufacturing process in real time. Several specific techniques will be proposed for detecting manufacturing process problems and examples of applying these techniques will be shown.     

先进树脂基复合材料制造技术进展

国内先进树脂基复合材料制造技术经过30多年的发展, 已初步形成以热熔预浸料制造、 热压罐和树脂传递模塑(RTM)成型技术为代表的先进树脂基复合材料制造技术体系, 所制备的先进树脂基复合材料已在航空领域得到大量应用。本文中主要介绍国内先进树脂基复合材料热压罐成型技术、 RTM成型技术和自动铺放技术的最新进展以及先进树脂基复合材料制造过程模拟与优化技术, 讨论了国内先进树脂基复合材料制造技术的主要发展方向。     

基于梯度降温的叠层制备热残余应力

针对叠层制备工艺的热残余问题,为消除传统的基于同步降温假设的理论解与实际热残余现象的差异,本文在充分考虑成形过程中沿长度和厚度方向形成的温度梯度的基础上,分别建立在层平面和厚度方向引起的热残余变形和应力的解析解,并根据不同叠层制备工艺,将降温梯度概括为同步降温、均等梯度降温、非均等梯度降温、瞬态降温的4种模式.算例表明,梯度降温会造成在层平面和厚度方向均产生热残余现象.讨论了4种梯度降温模式对热残余程度的影响,梯度越大影响越大;合理解释了同一种材料制备的工件也会因降温梯度而产生明显的弯曲变形;对于梯度材料,叠层制备顺序会显著影响热残余的程度.研究表明,梯度降温假设符合实际制备、工艺,更准确地揭示了叠层制备热残余现象产生的机理,优化制备工艺缩小降温梯度是解决热残余问题的有效途径.     

Rejoinder

A closed-loop identification procedure for pure gain-plus noise processes is presented for a family of disturbances that model drift in a discrete-part manufacturing system. Tuning techniques for the identified disturbance are provided for proportional integral (PI)controllers. These include the particular case of exponentially weighted moving average controllers, popular in semiconductor manufacturing. Expressions are derived for the mean squared deviation of the quality characteristic and for the variance of the adjustments. An optimization model is presented that balances adjustment variance with output variance. The optimal trade-off solution for a constrained PI controller is shown to depend on the assumption of no drift.     

Tools and techniques for enabling sustainability through lean initiatives

There has been a paradigm shift in the manufacturing systems. Lean manufacturing is a manufacturing system that is focused on the elimination of wastes thereby facilitating process streamlining and waste reduction. In the recent days, the need for environmental consciousness is very much realized. The environmental waste is regarded as the ninth waste. This article focuses on the exploration of various issues of sustainability using lean initiatives. Also, some of the strategies/techniques that would enable the achievement of sustainability objectives using lean initiatives are presented.     

Employing dependent virtual samples to obtain more manufacturing information in pilot runs

In most highly competitive manufacturing industries, the sample sizes of new products are usually very small in pilot runs because the production schedules are very tight. To obtain the expected quality in mass production runs using limited data is, therefore, always a challenging issue for engineers. Although machine learning algorithms are widely applied to this task, the training sample size is a key weakness when determining the manufacturing parameters. In order to extract more robust information for engineers from the small datasets, this research, based on regression analysis and fuzzy techniques, develops an effective procedure for new production pattern constructions. In addition, a case study of TFT-LCD manufacturing in 2009 is taken as an example to illustrate the presented approach. The experimental results show that it is possible to develop a robust forecasting model which can provide more precise manufacturing predictions with the limited data acquired from pilot runs.     

TiO2氧敏元件的研究和发展概况

TiO2材料作为氧传感器具有广泛的应用．本文介绍了TiO2氧传感器的工作原理和制作过程中采用的三种工艺，即陶瓷烧结体、厚膜和薄膜技术．并对如何提高氧传感器的性能进行了探讨．     

Manufacturing productivity improvement using effectiveness metrics and simulation analysis

Traditional productivity metrics, such as throughput and utilization rate, are not very helpful for identifying the underlying problems and opportunities for productivity improvement in a manufacturing system. In this paper, a systematic methodology is presented for productivity measurement and analysis at the factory level. Metrics of Overall Equipment Effectiveness (OEE) and Overall Throughput Effectiveness (OTE) are introduced and developed, respectively, for rigorous and quantitative measurement of equipment and system productivity. These metrics are integrated with computer simulation to facilitate rapid analysis of equipment and manufacturing system productivity, and the investigation of productivity improvement opportunities. The results of this research make possible the representation of factory level productivity or overall factory effectiveness by OTE, and the use of OTE for quantitative benchmarking and comparison of the productivity of various factories. A real-world manufacturing case study is reported to demonstrate how to employ these techniques to improve manufacturing productivity.     

FMS Designer: An expert system for flexible manufacturing system design

Implementation of flexible manufacturing technology in the batch manufacturing environment has created major problems for designers and engineers who are responsible for specification and design of flexible manufacturing systems (FMS). The FMS design task appears to be an excellent application for expert systems techniques. This paper describes current results of an ongoing research effort to develop an expert system which analyses the output from an FMS simulation model, determines whether operational and financial objectives are met, identifies design deficiencies or opportunities for improvement, and proposes designs which overcome deficiencies or exploit improvement opportunities. An overview of the FMS design expert system is given and a case study is presented to illustrate how the system operates. Areas for future research are also discussed.