高速长杆弹对有限直径金属厚靶的侵彻分析EI北大核心CSCD

采用基于统一强度理论的有限柱形空腔膨胀理论,结合Tate磨蚀杆模型,考虑中间主应力、靶体侧面自由边界的影响及高速(1500 m/s~2200 m/s)侵彻弹体的变形和消蚀现象,推导线性硬化有限直径金属厚靶在长杆弹高速侵彻时的空腔壁径向应力,建立侵彻阻力和侵彻深度计算模型,并利用MATLAB软件编程求解,分析包括强度准则差异在内的弹道终点效应的一系列影响因素。结果表明:该文计算方法可以更好地描述弹靶的动态响应,还可以得到一系列基于不同强度准则的侵彻阻力和深度的解析解、对不同靶弹半径比的靶材侵彻深度的区间范围进行有效预测;强度参数、弹体撞击速度和靶体半径对有限直径金属靶体的抗侵彻性能均有较大的影响,其中强度参数值由1减小为0时,侵彻阻力可减小33.33%,侵彻深度可增加15.93%;当靶弹半径比小于等于20时,侵彻深度增大的程度显著,当靶弹半径比由19.88减小至4.9时,侵彻阻力减小了41.30%,侵彻深度增长了32.61%,此时靶体边界尺寸对侵彻性能的影响很大,不能继续按照半无限靶体进行计算。     

刚性弹侵彻有限直径金属厚靶的机理与模型研究

采用统一强度理论,考虑靶板中间主应力效应和靶体侧面自由边界的影响,得到线性硬化靶材在弹塑性阶段和塑性阶段的空腔壁径向应力的表达式,建立线性硬化靶材的统一侵彻模型,求出中低速(v₀≤1000 m/s)刚性弹体侵彻有限直径金属厚靶时侵彻阻力、侵彻深度计算公式,并利用Simpson算法对其进行求解,分析了包括强度准则差异在内的弹道终点效应的一系列影响因素。结果表明:该文计算方法可以更好地描述侵彻过程中弹靶的动态响应,还可以得到一系列基于不同强度准则的侵彻阻力和深度的解析解、对靶材在不同撞击速度下侵彻深度的区间范围进行有效预测;强度参数、弹体撞击速度、靶体半径和弹头形状对有限直径金属厚靶的抗侵彻性能均有较大的影响,其中强度参数值由1减小为0时,侵彻深度增加了22.45%;随着靶弹半径比的减小,侵彻深度不断增大,当靶弹半径比小于等于16时,侵彻深度增大的程度显著,此时靶体边界尺寸对侵彻性能的影响很大,不能继续按照半无限靶体进行计算。     

有限柱形空腔膨胀理论及其应用

为研究有限平面尺寸金属厚靶侵彻问题,提出了有限柱形空腔膨胀理论.考虑侧面自由边界,将理想弹塑性材料的空腔膨胀过程分为弹塑性阶段和塑性阶段,得到了空腔壁径向压力的解析解.基于Tate磨蚀杆模型,应用有限柱形空腔膨胀理论计算靶的侵彻阻力,建立了长杆弹侵彻有限直径圆柱形金属厚靶工程模型.与现有文献试验比较表明,文中工程模型计算的侵彻深度与弹道试验结果吻合较好.     

分析金属装甲弹道极限的两阶段模型

基于大量弹道试验分析,考虑靶板背面自由边界的影响,提出一个分析刚性尖头弹垂直撞击中等厚度理想弹塑性材料靶板弹道极限的两阶段工程模型。由圆柱形空腔膨胀理论和功能原理导出第一阶段延性扩孔耗能表达式,按薄靶板最小穿透能量的简化分析模型计算第二阶段耗能,由两阶段总的耗能最小确定第一阶段的侵彻深度,从而得到最小穿透能量的解析解。经与金属装甲弹道试验比较,表明两阶段工程模型计算结果与试验吻合较好,比现有单一延性扩孔模型精度高。     

基于Hoek-Brown准则的混凝土-岩石类靶侵彻模型

基于空腔膨胀理论建立工程模型是研究侵彻问题的常用方法。针对射弹侵彻岩石-混凝土类脆性材料半无限靶问题,基于靶体的弹性-裂纹-粉碎响应模式,粉碎区采用考虑围压的Hoek-Brown准则,得到了准静态球形空腔膨胀的空腔壁压力。在Forrestal两个阶段侵彻模型中,用所得空腔壁压力代替隧道侵彻阶段的侵彻阻力,得到刚性弹侵彻岩石-混凝土类脆性材料半无限靶的侵彻深度预估公式,与文献侵彻试验以及现有典型侵彻深度预估公式比较表明,预估公式适用范围更广,对于(超)高强混凝土和岩石材料靶的预测精度更高。     

尖头弹侵彻延性金属靶板弹道极限的解析模型

现有的尖头弹侵彻金属靶板的弹道极限计算模型往往需要大量的试验数据和靶板材料的动态性能参数,且没有考虑侵彻速度对侵彻效果的影响,这给工程应用带来了很大的不便和误差。基于这一问题,考虑速度效应和靶板材料参数对侵彻的影响,结合流体动力学原理与动态空穴膨胀理论,分别提出了双模式和单模式侵彻模型。双模式侵彻模型的侵彻过程可分为两个阶段：流体动力变形阶段和塑性变形阶段,当侵彻速度小于靶材产生流体动力变形的临界速度时,侵彻进入塑性变形阶段,根据功能原理,建立了计算弹道极限的解析模型;单模式侵彻模型仅考虑塑性变形阶段。解析模型计算的弹道极限与弹道试验结果吻合的较好,且模型中不涉及弹道试验数据和靶板材料的动态性能参数,易于迅速求解,便于工程应用,可用于对延性金属靶板抗尖头弹侵彻能力的评估。     

主控因素对异型头弹丸半侵彻金属靶深度的影响特性研究

为研究异型头弹丸半侵彻金属靶的侵深特性,基于量纲方法对影响侵深的主控因素进行了分析,采用弹道枪加载和LS-DYNA软件对异型头弹丸半侵彻金属靶的作用过程进行了试验和数值模拟研究,分析了异型头弹丸结构、弹丸初速、靶板厚度等因素对侵彻深度的影响规律,获得了侵深随弹丸初速以及靶板厚度的变化曲线。研究结果表明,弹丸初速和靶板厚度是影响侵彻深度的关键因素,并拟合得到了弹丸初速和靶板厚度综合影响下的半侵彻侵深经验公式。研究结果可为半侵彻作用的研究及新型侵彻的工程计算方法等提供参考。     

卵形头部弹丸侵彻钢筋混凝土的工程解析模型

在球形空腔膨胀模型的基础上,将钢筋混凝土中的钢筋网结构所在混凝土等效为高强混凝土层,其余部分按素混凝土层处理,得到了计算卵形头部弹丸侵彻钢筋混凝土的分层工程分析模型。用分层分析模型计算了最终侵彻深度,侵彻过程中弹丸的位移时程曲线,速度时程曲线和加速度时程曲线。将计算结果与实验数据和按球形空腔膨胀模型计算结果对比分析,结果表明分层分析模型能够较真实的反映弹丸侵彻钢筋混凝土过程中的运动状态。     

卵形弹丸撞击下 FRP层合板的侵彻和穿透

研究了卵形弹丸撞击下FRP层合板的侵彻和穿透性能, 在局部化破坏模式假定的基础上改进了Wen提出的能量简化分析模型。改进模型仍假设弹体在侵彻过程中表面所受靶体的平均压力由靶体材料弹塑性变形所引起的静态阻力和速度效应引起的动阻力两部分组成, 认为侵彻过程中靶体对弹的阻力不再是一个常数, 而是与侵彻速度相关的函数。同时针对不同厚度靶板的破坏模式, 建立了几种不同的侵彻和穿透模型。通过弹头长度与靶板厚度的比较, 将侵彻过程分为部分侵彻和完全侵彻; 穿透过程分为薄板穿透和中厚板穿透。并且根据不同的破坏方式给出了求解卵形弹丸的侵彻深度、 残余速度和极限速度的预测公式。模型预测与实验数据进行了比较, 发现侵彻深度和弹道极限速度的理论预测值与实验数据吻合得很好。      

钝头弹高速斜侵彻中厚背水金属靶板的机理研究

为探讨高速钝头弹斜侵彻中厚背水金属靶板的机理,根据不同的受力状态及耗能机制,结合中厚背水靶板抗高速斜侵彻特点,通过厚度等效,将斜侵彻转化为相应的正侵彻。然后,将整个侵彻过程分为压缩镦粗、剪切压缩和剪切扰动三个阶段。基于三阶段侵彻机制,建立了钝头弹高速斜穿甲中厚背水金属靶板后的瞬时余速计算模型,并讨论了该计算模型的局限性。采用该模型计算了3.3 g立方体弹丸斜穿甲5 mm背水钢板后的瞬时余速,理论计算值与试验结果及相应的仿真计算值均吻合较好。由于该模型考虑了靶后水介质的动支撑作用及动能耗散等效应,在一定的适用范围内,能对钝头弹高速斜侵彻中厚背水金属靶板的瞬时余速进行合理地预测,具有一定的理论价值和工程应用价值。     

弹体冲击混凝土半无限靶的侵彻阻力与深度计算

假设弹体是刚性的,将弹体侵彻冲击作用下的混凝土靶体划分为粉碎区、径向裂缝弹性区与原始弹性区,并认为侵彻粉碎区域内的混凝土材料处于类似于流体动力学状态,可采用水动力模型.根据伯努利方程推得了细长杆弹侵彻阻抗力的公式,进而求出锥形弹头侵彻阻抗力的等效平面解,得到了弹体的侵彻深度.利用实弹进行了以不同速度侵彻不同强度的混凝土靶体的验证计算,并与多个经验公式做了对比.结果表明,该模型是合理的,与经验公式相比计算结果趋于保守.     

Penetration analysis for geo-material based on unified strength criterion

A unified strength criterion is applied for penetration analysis of geo-materials. Based on the cylindrical cavity-expansion theory the relation between the radial traction on the cavity surface and the impact velocity of a rigid projectile is derived. The finial penetration depth of the projectile is analytically obtained and the effect of strength criterion on the penetration depth is investigated. By comparing with existing test results, it is found that the proposed penetration model is effective in the analysis of a rigid projectile penetrating into a semi-infinite geo-material target.     

Normal penetration of an eroding projectile into an elastic–plastic target

The main objective of the present work is to describe normal penetration of a deformable projectile into an elastic–plastic target. The force imposed on the projectile by the target is generally a complex function of the strength of the target material, the projectile velocity, its diameter and shape, as well as the instantaneous penetration depth. When this force exceeds a certain critical value the projectile begins to deform. At moderate-to-high values of the impact velocity, the projectile's tip material flows plastically with large deformations causing the formation of a mushroom-like configuration. This process is accompanied by erosion of the projectile material. In the rear (“elastic”) part of the projectile the deformations remain small and the region can be approximated as a rigid body being decelerated by the projectile's yield stress. The general model allows one to predict the penetration depth, the projectile's eroded length and the crater diameter. It has been shown that in the limit of very high impact velocities the present model reduces to the well-known form of the hydrodynamic theory of shaped-charge jets. Also, a simplified asymptotic formula for the crater radius has been derived which includes the effect of the target's yield stress and compares well with experimental data for very high impact velocities.     

Oblique penetration of a rigid projectile into a thick elastic–plastic target: theory and experiment

A model of oblique penetration of a rigid projectile into a thick elastic–plastic target has been developed (Roisman et al., Int J Impact Engng 1997; 19: 769–95) which incorporates stress-free boundary conditions at the rear surface of the target. The main objective of the present work is to validate the theoretical model by comparison with new experimental results for normal and oblique penetration of a rigid projectile into a thick plate of Al 6061-T651. Good agreement between theory and experiment is exhibited for the projectile residual velocity and the crater shape.     

Hypervelocity impact on isotropic composites with metal or ceramic inclusions

Experimental results of studying the hypervelocity impact on isotropic heterogeneous composites consisting of an epoxy or aluminum matrix containing fine-grained metal (Al, Pb) or ceramic (SiO₂) inclusions are given. The aim of the study is to develop composite materials offering higher penetration resistance to a high-velocity projectile than the component material. This resistance is characterized by the magnitude of the ratio of the crater depth in a thick target to the diameter of spherical projectile. In the case of two particulate composites studied it is shown that the crater depth from impact of steel projectiles is lower about by one projectile diameter than for homogeneous lead or aluminum over the impact velocity ranged from 3 up to 11 km/s.     

Numerical–analytical model of penetration of long elastically deformable projectiles into semi-infinite targets

A new numerical–analytical model of penetration of long axisymmetric elastically deformable projectiles in semi-infinite targets is presented. A background of this model is the integral–differential equation of ballistics for non-deformable projectile. This equation is obtained on the basis of the Lagrange–Cauchy integral for non-stationary irrotational motion of an incompressible fluid, as well as the solutions for the quasi-static spherical cavity expansion problem in an infinite medium. The velocity field in a target is defined by actual projectile shape. The functional dependence of penetration velocity is determined for both elastic and rigid projectiles. The effect of forced elastic longitudinal oscillations on penetration velocity is estimated. An estimate is made for the critical impact velocity at which point the projectile plastically deforms causing irreversible changes in its shape, and also leads to instability of its trajectory in the target. This velocity depends on both elastic and strength characteristics of the projectile and target, their densities and projectile shape. Results from our penetration modeling are compared with existing experimental and calculated data.